• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 1991

Natural stress measurements have been made at two sites at the depth of 280m from surface by means of stress relief overcoring methods using three directonal deformation gage. Attempts have been made to determine the state of natural stress in the rock and provide useful basic data to investigate the stress distribution and the determination of yield zone around powerhouse cavern. The magnitude and the direction of the miximum principal stress obstained from in-situ stress measurements is -96.1kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and N38$^{\circ}$W, N35$^{\circ}$W respectively. Vertical stresses are in approximately agreement with the theoretical value. The ratio of measured to theoretical stresses are 85% at two sites. The ratio of average horizontal to vertical stresses(k=($\sigma$h)ave/$\sigma$v is 1.07.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose gabapentin for interdigital neuroma. Metrials and Methods: Between April 2000 and June 2003, 32 patients (39 feet) with interdigital neuroma were treated with using low-dose gabapentin. Two of the 32 patients were male, and thirty were female, and the average age was 47.4 years. The follow-up was 6 to 44months (mean 15.1 months). All cases were diagnosed by physical examination and ultrasonography or MRI. Low-dose gabapentin (300-600 mg) was prescribed and shoe modification was recommended. The patients were evaluated through questionnaire. Results: Neuroma was found in twenty one cases at the third intermetatarsal space, and thirteen at the second intermetatarsal space. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was 96% and that of MRI was 79%. Overall satisfaction was rated as excellent or good by 18 cases (57%). Average pain relief ratio was 50.3%, and in 14 cases, more than 80% of pain relief was noted. Nine (28%) of 32 patients showed they had no activity restrictions, such as daily activities or work, whereas 8 (25%) had mild restrictions and 15 (47%) had major restrictions. Twelve of 15 patient with major restrictions had been treated operatively (neurectomy; 10 cases, decompression; 2 cases). One case had gastrointestinal problem. Conclusion: Low-dose gabapentin for interdigital neuroma was one of the effective conservative treatments. The operation may be preserved for patient with the persist symptoms, nevertheless the conservative treatments and use of low-dose gabapentin.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to review the operative management and outcome of operation for Crohn's disease. The medical records of 17 patients who underwent operations for Crohn's disease at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January of 1988 to June of 2005 were reviewed. The male-to -female ratio was 1.8: 1. The median age at the onset of symptoms and the time of diagnosis was 9 years 6 months and 11 years 6 months respectively. The median time interval from diagnosis to operation was 2 years and 1 month (0 month~8 years). The ileocolic or ileocecal region was the most common site of involvement. The indications for operation were intractable symptoms (8 cases) and obstruction or stricture (7 cases). The median postoperative hospitalized days were 14.4 days (8~35 days). Five patients (29 %) experienced postoperative complications. Symptom free state or symptom relief was observed in 11 cases after surgery and 6 cases had intermittent episodes of remissions and recurrences. In pediatric Crohn's disease patients who present with intractable symptoms despite medical treatment or develop surgical complications, symptom free state or symptom relief can be achieved by minimal resection of the diseased segment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Mastic is a bleed resin formed in pistacia lentiscus tree extract form the anacatdiaceae family. Mastic is used as a food ingredient in the Mediteraanean resin, and has been used by local inhabitants as a traditional medicine for relief of upper abdominal discomfort, dyspepsiaand peptic ulcer. Clinically, mastic has been effective in the treatment of benign gastric and duodenal, ulcers, giving symptomatic relief and endoscopically proven healing. In this study, to enhance activiteies of poorly water soluble Mastic with oils, surfactants and cosurfactants and then the mixure was microemulsified in aqueous media under condition of gentle agitation and digestive motility that would be encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. Formulation development and screening were based on phase diagrams and characteristics of resultant microemulsion. For optimum mastic formulation, microemulsions with various ratio (w/w%) of mastics, oils, surfactants and cosurfactants were prepared and their solubility was evaluated by monitoring particles size in their buffer through visual asessment and electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotomerter (ELS). In vitro activity of self microemulsified mastic (SME mastic) was determined by minimum ingibition concentration (MIC) test against a panel of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clinical strains. Additionally, in vivo activity of SME masitc was investigated us mouse infected by CH275 of H. pylori. The mean diameter of SME mastic was less then 100 nm in water and SME mastic was showed similar antiboisis effect compared to tometronidazole, clarithromycin and omeproazole. Consequently, SME mastic would be effective system to exterminate H. pylori. If mastic were dose with combined treatment, mastic might augur well for effect of H. pylori eradication as good remedy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture(EA) and radio-frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulation in acupoint combination on ankle sprained pain in rats. Methods : The lateral ligaments of the Sprague-Dawley rats ankle were injured surgically resulting in sprain, of which was divided into EA, RFWN treatment groups and control group without treatment. The level of pain was measured through foot weight bearing force ratio followed by calculating pain relief. To stimulate proximal or distal area in ankle sprain, combination of proximal acupoints(GB34-GB39) and distal acupoints(GB39-GB42) from sprain area were applied, respectively, to either EA or RFWN stimulation. In addition, naltrexone or phentolamine was injected intraperitoneally before the stimulation to observe the pathway of analgesic effects. Results : In the proximal combination of GB34-GB39, EA and RFWN significantly increased pain relief compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, in distal combination with GB39-GB42, both EA and RFWN stimulation did not relieve pain due to ankle sprains. In the combination of GB34-GB39, the analgesia of EA was inhibited by blockade of the ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor receptor. The analgesia of RFWN was inhibited by blockade of the ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor receptor as well as ${\mu}$-opioid receptor. Conclusions : We observed that the proximal combination was effective in relieving pain when the treatment by acupoint combination was applied to the ankle sprain pain. Also, it was confirmed that this analgesia was also related to the pathways of ${\mu}$-opioid receptors and/or ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1095-1102
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• 2003

The most important thing in measuring the tool wear is to set up the measurement base. The end mill that is being used for machining of die is difficult to set up the base and to measure the tool wear because of geometric properties of that such as a helix and relief angle. In this study, a new instrument using spindle orientation function in end milling is developed to measure the tool wear and evaluated by the measuring system on the machine. Finally, this new method makes possible the wear measurement of same position and reduces the measuring time compared with the measuring methods such as the microscope and CCD.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1999

Trapezoid cups and square ones have been deep-drawn to 45mm in depth. Displacements and strains have been analysed by FEM and experiment. Strains and effective strains in the corner flanges of trapezoid cups have been compared with those in square cups. The results have shown that because of shear strains on the corner flange, it is necessary to adopt effective strain for comparing strains, mean vale of effective strains in the corner flange with a corner angle of 72 degrees is narly equal to those with a corner angle of a right angle and mean value of effective strains with a corner angle of 102 degrees is smaller than those with a corner angle of a right angle.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 1993

Grinding of 3mol% Y-TZP enhanced the texturing of t-ZrO2, which is represented by the increased I(002)t/I(200)t peak intensity ratio, and an asymetric broadening of (111)t peak. The degree of texturing and asymetric broadening depended on a seversity of grinding. The asymetric (111)t peak broadening was resulted by the formation of r-ZrO2. When aged at 25$0^{\circ}C$ for 120h, r-ZrO2 transformed to t-ZrO2 due to the relief of stressed surface area and the amount of tlongrightarrowm transformation inversely varied with the I(002)t/I(200)t. The inverse dependence was interpreted by that the degree of texturing determines the magnitude of residual surface stress and the lattice relaxation of t-ZrO2, which causes the low temperature degradation, is retarded as the residual stress becomes greater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

The most important thing in measuring the tool wear is to set up the measurement base. The end mill that is being used for machining is difficult to set up the base and to measure the tool wear because of geometric properties of that such as a helix and relief angle. In this study, a new instrument using spindle orientation function in end milling is developed to measure tool wear and evaluated by measuring system on the machine. Finally, this new method makes possible the wear measurement of same position and reduces measuring time compared with measuring methods such as the microscope and CCD.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2008

We demonstrated the capillary force lithography (CFL) method for controlling the azimuthal anchoring energy of a liquid crystal (LC) alignment layer. When a thermoplastic polymer film is heated to over the glass transition temperature, the melted polymer is filled into the mold structure by the capillary action and the aspect ratio of the pattern is determined by the dewetting time of the CFL process. Here, the proposed method showed that the azimuthal anchoring energy of the LC alignment layer could be simply controlled by the surface relief patterns which were determined by the dewetting times during the CFL patterning.