• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the trends of resourcefulness researche studies for suggesting the future direction of study. Study design, types of subjects, measurement tools, study concept, and outcome were examined by reviewing 61 research studies published from 1980 to 1999. The results were as follows: 1. There were 24 works in the 1980s and 37 works in 1990, according to the published year of resourcefulness study. Nonexperimental studies like descriptive study, correlational study and comparative study were more frequent than experimental studies. 2. Research studies that consisted of 30- 100 subjects were the most numerous with 27 studies in all. The majority of study subjects was shown as healthy students and depressive patients. 3. Most studies used Rosenbaum's Self Control Schedule(SCS) for assessing resourcefulness. Reliabilities of resourcefulness researches were cronbach ${\alpha}=.70$ or more. According to statisitical tests done for internal validity, SCS was negatively correlated to maladaptation. Factor analysis revealed that the most parsimonious structure was 3 to 6 factors. The total communality variance in the SCS was about 40 %. Other tools used with the SCS were about coping, depression, satisfaction of life and symptoms, self management and health promotion. 4. In correlational studies, concepts like depression, anxiety, and psychological symptoms were related to resourcefulness negatively. Adaptive functioning, life satisfaction and self achievement had positive correlations to resourcefulness. 5. Studies on comparison between a healthy person and depressive patient or smoker and non-smoker were done. There were coping, depression, symptom, self efficacy, health problem and self-control as comparative concepts. 6. Study subjects consisted of depressive patients in 9 of 18 experimental studies. The majority of studies were done with cognitive-behavioral therapy as an experimental intervention. The most effective treatment was revealed in high resourcefulness group. Since the above findings, resourcefulness research increased since 1980 and mostly non-experimental design for quantitative study were done. In the field of nursing, research about resourcefulness was in an initial stage. It is expected that further research needed to be done. Recommendations on the basis of the present research suggest that it is necessary to replicate studies, develop nursing intervention enhancing resourcefulness and apply it to patients with chronic diseases including cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.117-117
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• 1992

Pubilc utility industries including the electric utility industry are facing a new stream of privatization com-petition with the private sector and deregulation. The necewssity to solve now and in the future power supply and demand problems has been increasing through the sophisticated generation expansion plan(GEP) approach con-sidering not only KEPCo's supply-side resources but also outside resources such as non-utility generation(NUG) demand-side management (DSM). Under the environmental situation in the current electric utility industry a new approach is needed to acquire multiple resources competitively. This study presents the development of a modified electric generation expansion analysis system(EGEAS) model with avoided cost based on the existing EGEAS model which is a dynamic program to develope an optimal generation expansion plan for the electric utility. We are trying to find optimal GEP in Korea's case using our modified model and observe the difference for the level of reliabilities such as the reserve margin(RM) loss of load probability(LOLP) and expected unserved energy percent(EUEP) between the existing EGEAS model and our model. In addition we are trying to calculate avoided cost for NUG resources which is a criterion to evaluate herem and test possibility of connection calculation of avoided cost with GEP implementation using our modified model. The results of our case study are as follows. First we were able to find that the generation expansion plan and reliability measures were largely influenced by capacity size and loading status of NUG resources, Second we were able to find that avoided cost which are criteria to evaluate NUG resources could be calculated by using our modified EGEAS model with avoided cost. We also note that avoided costs were calculated by our model in connection with generation expansion plans.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.530-540
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• 2020

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method that captures the current experience and behavior of subjects in real time in a natural environment. The data collected by EMA reveals alterations according to the time and context of experience and action. The Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) is a tool that measures momentary stress, and is capable of measuring stress experienced in real life. This study was undertaken to verify the validity and reliability after translating the short form TICS into a Korean version. Totally, 89 police officers working at the police station in the capital participated in this study. The mobile application developed for this study was installed on their smartphones, and data were collected four times a day for seven consecutive days. Confirmatory factor analysis and content validity index (CVI) was applied to test the validity, and concurrent validity was evaluated by correlating with the occupational stress score. The model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis, and we obtained good reliabilities (I-CVI=0.83-1, RMSEA=0.104, SRMR=0.104, CFI=0.948, TLI=0.919, Cronbach's alpha=0.839). Our findings indicate the reliability, and validate use of the Korean tool for measuring momentary stress.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2012

Although LNG storage tanks are very delicate with chloride attack owing to its operating inshore location, specific integrity management system for chloride attack has not been studied so far. As the design warranty life time, about 25 years, has come, to prevent paying huge amount of construction cost and required resources for new alternative storage tanks and manage the life time of operating storage tanks, the basic data of chloride attack is necessary. This study intended to build up basic data for following detailed study to develop technologies for life time management of LNG storage tanks, NT Build 492 method in North Europe was used to test chloride diffusion coefficient for the newly-constructing concrete outer tank. Results of these tests lead us to the conclusion that 90 days diffusion coefficients show 46% of 28 days' due to a large quantity of fly ash mixing and much similar to estimation from concrete process table. It seems resonable to conclude that 90 days specimens are recommended estimating the chloride diffusion coefficient for LNG storage tanks to enhance the reliabilities.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.58-77
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• 2007

An evaluation system of teaching is one of authentic assessment tools for improving the quality of higher education. The purpose of this study is to cultivate the class evaluation system in the college of engineering based on the empirical analysis of the results of the class evaluation. Especially, this study investigates the validity evidence using the confirmatory factor analysis of the class evaluation. The data used in this study were acquired from 49,127 student's evaluation responses of 471 courses offered in colleges of natural science and engineering at a university in Korea. The reliabilities are quite good for every construct by producing an index value from 0.92 to 0.98. The results provides a guideline for an appropriate measurement model to report the information, to clarify quality and appropriateness of instrument items, to make recommendations for which items should be left or merged in the revised instrument. A special suggestion for improving student's evaluation of each course is to prepare a well-designed instruction for students explaining why and how to evaluate the course in order to produce reliable and valid results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5534-5540
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• 2015

This In the railway signaling system, applications of axle counter in addition to track circuit goes on increasing for detecting train position. Consequently, this paper compares sensor methods of axle counter with between geo-magnetism method and proximity sensor method. And it presents differences and results, to improve reliabilities of train detection and axle counting. Also, this article presents an applied result which is based on field experience, with regard to installation, considering attachment condition of sensor part for accurate axle counting. This study acquires expandability that is able to perform not only axle counting function but also various other functions (direction detection of train, speed detection of train, and so on). It was a result of a change of design in order to judge phase difference of sensors, to improve reliability of axle counting. Furthermore, it does not subordinate to characteristics (type, weight of train). And it is confirmed that the omission of axle counting was not occurred in 350km/h. This was the result of Lab test after the construction of transfer equipment of trial axle and Test Bed for axle counting. Both of them are self-productions. Through this, it prepares foundation which is able to apply not only to train detection but also to speed of passing trains, formation number of trains, detector locking condition - when the train passes the section of switch point, and level crossing devices. Furthermore, it would be judged to contribute safety train operation if proximity sensor method applies to the whole railway signaling system from now on.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.100-110
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• 2007

When compressed video data is transmitted over error-prone network such as wireless channel, data is likely to be lost, so the quality of reconstructed picture is severely decreased. It is specially so in case that important information such as motion vector or macroblock mode is lost. H.264/AVC standard includes DP as error resilient technique for protecting important information from error in which data is labeled according to its relative importance. But DP technique requires a network that supports different reliabilities of transmitted data. In general, the benefits of UEP is sought by sending multiple times of same packets corresponding to important information. In this paper, we propose MDC technique based on data partitioning technique. The proposed method encodes motion vector of H.264/AVC standard into multiple parts using MDC and transmits each part as independent packet. Even if partial packet is lost, the proposed scheme can decode the compressed bitstream by using estimated motion vector with partial packets correctly transmitted, so that achieving improved performance of error concealment with minimal effect of channel error. Also in decoding process, the proposed multiple description matching increases the accuracy of estimated lost motion vector and quality of reconstructed video.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.709-729
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• 1996

This study was done to analyze the trends of research on coping in Korea, to suggest future direction, for research on coping, and ultimately to contribute to an increase in explanation of adaptation. This article reviewed 79 nursing research papers on coping done since 1978 by examining them according to the period of publication or presentation, research design, type of subjects, measurement instruments, research for a degree or not, range of reliability, and association of coping and related variables. The results are as follows : The number of studies on coping increased rapidly from the mid-1980's and decreased slowly from the mid-1990's. The maority of the studies were surveys, comparative studies, or correlational studies. The subects of the 46 studies were healthy people, while those in the remaining studies were patients with a variety of illnesses. Thirth-eight studies on coping were done for master's thesis, three for dissertion, and 38 were not degrees. The Bell and Jalowiec coping scales have not been used since the early 1990's. In contrast, Lazarus and Folkman's W.C.C.L. has been used increasingly since that time. The reliabilities of the coping scale were reported in 37 cases and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .71 to .86. All subjects reported using more problem-oriented coping than emotion-oriented coping in short-term or emotion-oriented coping and healthy groups did more long-term coping. It was difficult to describe consistently the relationship between stress and coping according to the type of coping scale or research subjects, but generally moderate relationships were found. This was due to instrumental problems and no consideration of situational context. The subject group who used more short-term coping and less long-term coping reported poorer mental status, and higher scores in burnout and state anxiey than others. That is, the relationship between stress and adaptation increased the power of explanation with intervening the mediating effect of coping. The association of locus of control, mastery, social support, and self-concept with coping showed positive relationships : those of uncertainty and severity in illness with coping showed negativerelationships ; those of state anxiety and depression with short-term coping were positive, and those of self-esteem with long-term coping or problem-oriented coping were negative. There were significant differences in the scores of types of coping according to religion, level of education, and socio-economic status. That is, Presbyterians and Catholics, those with higher education levels and higher socio-economic status used more long-term or problem-oriented coping. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made : 1. There is a need to test the mediating effect of coping variable in order to clarify the concept. 2. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the patterns of change in coping strategies when stressful events are encountered. 3. It's necessary to develop a reliable and variable measurement tool for coping. 4. There is a need to identify subscales of coping to increase explanation of variance 5. It's necessary to consider personal, situational, and antecedent variables : the characteristics of subject populations, the natures of illness and treatment situations. 6. The power of explanation of studies designed to identify the stress-adaptation process should be increased using the combination model of process-oriented coping and cognitive-structural model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.5 s.166
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• pp.467-478
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• 2006

Water supply reliability for a dam is defined with a concept of probabilistic reliability. An evaluation procedure of the water supply reliability is shown with an analysis of long term firm yield reliability. The water supply reliabilities of Soyanggang Dam and Chungju Dam were evaluated. To evaluate the water supply reliability, forty one sets of monthly runoff series were generated by SAMS-2000. HEC-5 model was applied to the reservoir simulation to compute the firm yield from a monthly data of time series. The water supply reliability of the firm yield from the design runoff data of Soyanggang Dam is evaluated by 80.5 % for a planning period of 50 years. The water supply reliability of the firm yield from the historic runoff after the dam construction is evaluated by 53.7 %. The firm yield from the design runoff is 1.491 billion $m^3$/yr and the firm yield from the historic runoff is 1.585 billion $m^3$/yr. If the target draft Is 1.585 billion $m^3$/yr, additional water of 0.094 billion $m^3$ could be supplied every year with its risk. From the similar procedures, the firm yield from the design runoff of Chungju Dam is evaluated 3.377 billion $m^3$/yr and the firm yield from the historic runoff is 2.960 billion $m^3$/yr. If the target draft is 3.377 billion $m^3$/yr, water supply insufficiency occurs for all the sets of time series generated. It may result from overestimation of the spring runoff used for design. The procedure shown can be a more objective method to evaluate water supply reliability of a dam.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.681-690
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• 2020

Generally, the design capacity of the rainwater harvesting unit is determined by trial and error method that is repeatedly calculating various analysis scenarios with capacity, reliability, and rainwater utilization ratio, etc. This method not only takes a lot of time to analyze but also involves a lot of calculations, so analysis errors may occur. In order to solve the problem, this study suggested a way to directly determine the minimum capacity to meet arbitrary target reliabilities using the global optimization method. The method was implemented by simulation model with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms using Python language. The pyswarm that is provided as an open-source of python was used as optimization method, that can explore global optimum, and consider constraints. In this study, the developed program was applied to the design data for the rainwater harvesting constructed in Cheongna district 1 in Incheon to verify the efficiency, stability, and accuracy of the analysis. The method of determining the capacity of the rainwater harvesting presented in this study is considered to be of practical value because it can improve the current level of analytical technology.