• 제목/요약/키워드: relative growth

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아마인유와 채종유 급여가 돼지고기의 n-3 지방산 함량에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Linseed Oil and Canola Oil Feeding on the n-3 Fatty Acid Content of Pork)

  • 박병성;강환구
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제33권9호
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    • pp.1537-1543
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 아마인유와 채종유내에 들어있는 n-3 지방산의 돈육내 축적효과를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종 수퇘지(체중 50 kg) 12마리를 이용하여서 4가지 실험사료중 한가지를 급여하였으며 실험사료는 우지, 아마인유, 채종유 또는 아마인유와 채종유의 혼합유를 함유하였다. 110 kg 시판 체중 도달시에 희생하였다. 아마인유와 채종유속에 들어있는 n-3 지방산은 돼지의 일당증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료 효율에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈액 포화지방산 함량은 우지 첨가구가 가장 높았고 아마인유 첨가구, 채종유 첨가구 또는 혼합유 첨가구는 우지 첨가구보다 11.84%~16.54% 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈액 n-3 지방산 함량은 우지 첨가구에서는 거의 검출되지 않았으나 아마인유 첨가구, 채종유 첨가구 또는 혼합유 첨가구는 우지 첨가구보다 4.68%~12.83% 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). n-3 고도불포화지방산을 함유하는 3가지 지질 급원 모두는 우지 첨가구에 비교하여 돼지고기 삼겹살 내 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(18:3n-3) 함량을 9.43%까지 유의적으로 높였다(p<0.05). 아마인유 또는 채종유 급여는 삼겹살내 n-3:n-6 비율을 0.68로 높였으며 고도불포화지방산 :포화지방산 비율은 0.70으로 증가시켰다. 결론적으로 아마인유와 채종유 급여에 의해 n-3지방산이 강화된 새로운 기능성 돈육을 생산할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

Effect of Light with Different Wavelengths on Nostoc flagelliforme Cells in Liquid Culture

  • Dai, Yu-Jie;Li, Jing;Wei, Shu-Mei;Chen, Nan;Xiao, Yu-Peng;Tan, Zhi-Lei;Jia, Shi-Ru;Yuan, Nan-Nan;Tan, Ning;Song, Yi-Jie
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.534-538
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    • 2013
  • The effects of lights with different wavelengths on the growth and the yield of extracellular polysaccharides of Nostoc flagelliforme cells were investigated in a liquid cultivation. N. flagelliforme cells were cultured for 16 days in 500 ml conical flasks containing BG11 culture medium under $27{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ of light intensity and $25^{\circ}C$ on a rotary shaker (140 rpm). The chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin contents in N. flagelliforme cells under the lights of different wavelengths were also measured. It was found that the cell biomass and the yield of polysaccharide changed with different wavelengths of light. The biomass and the yield of extracellular polysaccharides under the red or violet light were higher than those under other light colors. Chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin are the main pigments in N. flagelliforme cells. The results showed that N. flagelliforme, like other cyanobacteria, has the ability of adjusting the contents and relative ratio of its pigments with the light quality. As a conclusion, N. flagelliforme cells favor red and violet lights and perform the complementary chromatic adaptation ability to acclimate to the changes of the light quality in the environment.

Structural and Kinetic Characteristics of 1,4-Dioxane-Degrading Bacterial Consortia Containing the Phylum TM7

  • Nam, Ji-Hyun;Ventura, Jey-R S.;Yeom, Ick Tae;Lee, Yongwoo;Jahng, Deokjin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권11호
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    • pp.1951-1964
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    • 2016
  • 1,4-Dioxane-degrading bacterial consortia were enriched from forest soil (FS) and activated sludge (AS) using a defined medium containing 1,4-dioxane as the sole carbon source. These two enrichments cultures appeared to have inducible tetrahydrofuran/dioxane and propane degradation enzymes. According to qPCR results on the 16S rRNA and soluble di-iron monooxygenase genes, the relative abundances of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria to total bacteria in FS and AS were 29.4% and 57.8%, respectively. For FS, the cell growth yields (Y), maximum specific degradation rate ($V_{max}$), and half-saturation concentration ($K_m$) were 0.58 mg-protein/mg-dioxane, $0.037mg-dioxane/mg-protein{\cdot}h$, and 93.9 mg/l, respectively. For AS, Y, $V_{max}$, and $K_m$ were 0.34 mg-protein/mg-dioxane, $0.078mg-dioxane/mg-protein{\cdot}h$, and 181.3 mg/l, respectively. These kinetics data of FS and AS were similar to previously reported values. Based on bacterial community analysis on 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two enrichment cultures, the FS consortium was identified to contain 38.3% of Mycobacterium and 10.6% of Afipia, similar to previously reported literature. Meanwhile, 49.5% of the AS consortium belonged to the candidate division TM7, which has never been reported to be involved in 1,4-dioxane biodegradation. However, recent studies suggested that TM7 bacteria were associated with degradation of non-biodegradable and hazardous materials. Therefore, our results showed that previously unknown 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria might play an important role in enriched AS. Although the metabolic capability and ecophysiological significance of the predominant TM7 bacteria in AS enrichment culture remain unclear, our data reveal hidden characteristics of the TM7 phylum and provide a perspective for studying this previously uncultured phylotype.

한국산 민물 새우류에 관한 생물학적 연구 1. 징거미의 상대 성장 (BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE FRESHWATER SHRIMPS OF KOREA 1. Relative Growth of Macrobrachium nipponensis (de Haan))

  • 정경석
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 1970
  • 낙동강에서의 징거미 (M. nipponensis)의 상대 성장을 암수별로 조사한 결과 두흉갑장과 체장의 회귀 관계는 암수사이에 유의의 차가 없었으나 제2보각의 각절은 뚜렷한 차이가 있었고 그 회귀 관계는 다음과 같다. 1. 두흉갑장(X)과 체장(Y) : Y=2.68996X+1.14784 in female. Y=2.73121X+1.10827 in male 2. 두흉갑장(X)과 기절(Y) : Y=0.16910X-0.06422 in female Y=0.19410X-0.06075 in male 3. 두흉갑장(X)과 좌절(Y) : Y= 0.48524X-0.10812 in female. Y= 0.69052X-0.28616 in male 4. 두흉갑장(X)과 장절(Y) : Y=0.51217X-0.04088 in female. Y= 1.9792X-0.98258 in male 5. 두흉갑장(X)과 완절(Y) : Y=0.87701X-0.33919 in female. Y=2.00091X-1.64116 in male 6. 두흉갑장(X) 전절(Y) : Y= 1.04672 X-0.50727 in female. Y=2.67663X-2.40488 in male 7. 두흉갑장(X) 과 지절(Y) : Y=0.26366 X+0.15743 in female. Y=1.04866 X-0.67781 in male

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Efficacy Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Products in Japan

  • Masaki Hitoshi
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2003
  • Two categories of cosmetic products, cosmetics and quasi-drugs, have been established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Japanese pharmaceutical law has defined that products categorized as cosmetics do not exhibit any effects on human skin. In fact, cosmetic products are not permitted to claim any efficacy. On the other hand, products in the quasi-drug category can claim several efficacies such as anti-inflammatory effects, whitening/lightning effects, hair growth effects and so on. Unfortunately, the Japanese MHLW has not yet approved the efficacy of anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects as a claim point. However, the population is aging, and the demand for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle products is increasing year by year. Japanese cosmetic companies have proposed to the MHLW that anti-aging/anti-wrinkle agents be approved as a claim concept of a quasi-drug. However, unified evaluation methods for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects have not been established. Currently, each company evaluates the efficacy of products/materials using their own original methods. Thus, to request approval of the MHLW, the establishment of a unified evaluation method is needed. Consequently, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) has established a task force to develop guidelines for evaluating anti-wrinkle effects in 1998. In conclusion, the JCIA would like to adopt visual and image analysis scales to evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects objectively. Generally, wrinkles are roughly classified into three groups as fine wrinkles, linear deep wrinkles and crow's feet. However, academic societies of dermatology or cosmetics have not yet established a definition of wrinkles in Japan. Thus, in advance of setting up an evaluation method, the definition of wrinkles f3r evaluation must be decided. Wrinkles are defined by the task force of the JCIA as follows; furrows that people can recognize visually and that appear on the forehead, the corners of the eyes and the backs of the neck with aging. In addition, furrows are emphasized by exposure to solar light and by dry conditions. Visual evaluation is the most sensitive method and can be applied to most types of wrinkles. However, visual evaluation is hard to express digitally as results. Besides, in the case of image analysis, comparisons of data obtained from distinct examinations can not be done, because data from image analysis are relative values. Thus, to enhance the reliability of the evaluations, the adoption of an objective scale was required. The principle of the evaluation method is to analyze images taken from silicone replicas of wrinkle areas using several parameters, such as the proportion of the wrinkle $area({\%})$, the mean depth of the wrinkles (mm), the mean depth of the deepest wrinkle (m) and the deepest point on the deepest wrinkle. Lights are shown on the skin replica from an orthogonal direction of the main orientation of the wrinkle, and the resulting shadow images are quantified by the image analysis method. To increase the precision of the data or to allow comparisons of independent examinations, a scale with furrows of several depths, 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1000{\mu}m$, is adapted in the evaluation system. I will explain the guidelines established by the JCIA in the presentation.

특허풀에서의 공평한 로열티 분배를 위한 특허가치평가 (Patent Valuation for Fair Royalty Distribution in Patent Pool)

  • 김영기;박성택;이승준
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.41-53
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문에서는 특허풀 내에서 공평한 로열티 분배를 위한 특허가치평가 방안에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. 지식기반경제에서는 지적재산, 즉 축적된 기술과 노하우가 기업의 경쟁력과 국가의 경제성장의 가장 중요한 원천으로 인식되고 있다. 특허제도는 특허권자에게 독점적인 권리를 부여함으로써 기술혁신, 즉 새로운 기술의 발명과 상업화를 촉진시켜 궁극적으로 삶의 수준을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 하지만 특허권의 숫자가 증가하고 특허권의 소유가 분산되면서 나타나는 특허제도의 문제점들이 기술혁신 의욕을 저하시키고 있다. 이에 대한 유망한 해결책으로 특허풀이 제시되고 있으며, 1차 세계대전 당시 미국정부가 특허풀을 결성하여 항공기 관련특허를 모든 생산업체들에게 라이선스함으로써 항공기 산업을 활성화시킨 사례가 있다. 특허풀의 원활한 운영을 위해서는 특허풀에 참여하는 특허들의 기술적 기여도를 평가하여 특허권자들에게 공평하게 로열티 수입을 분배할 필요가 있다. 이러한 특허가치평가에는 Rating/Ranking 방법이 적절한 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 여러 특허가치평가 기관들의 평가모형들을 살펴보고 Rating/Ranking 방법에 활용될 수 있는 주요한 평가항목들을 추출하였다.

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수원시 기온의 통계적 모형 연구 (Analysis of statistical models on temperature at the Suwon city in Korea)

  • 이훈자
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.1409-1416
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    • 2015
  • 기온의 변화는 인간의 건강뿐 아니라 동식물의 성장, 경제, 사회, 산업, 문화 등의 전 분야에 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서는 수원시 2003년-2012년 기온을 기상자료, 온실가스자료, 대기자료를 이용하여 자기회귀오차 (autoregressive error)모형으로 월별로 분석하였다. 기온을 위한 기상자료로는, 풍속, 강수량, 일사량, 운량, 습도를 사용했고, 온실가스자료는 이산화탄소 ($CO_2$), 메탄 ($CH_4$), 아산화질소 ($N_2O$), 염화불화탄소 ($CFC_{11}$), 대기자료는 미세먼지 ($PM_{10}$), 이산화황 ($SO_2$), 이산화질 소 ($NO_2$), 오존 ($O_3$), 일산화탄소 (CO)을 사용하였다. 기온을 월별 분석한 결과 기상변수로는 일사량, 운량, 풍속이 영향을 많이 주는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 일사량은 봄, 여름, 가을에 영향을 많이 주고 풍속은 겨울에 영향을 많이 주는 것으로 나타났다. 온실가스변수로는 염화불화탄소와 메탄이 기온에 영향을 많이 주고 대기변수로는 오존이 영향을 많이 주는 것으로 타났다. 자기회귀오차모형으로 월별 기온을 43%~69% 정도 설명할 수 있다.

옥수수 개체군의 일차생산성과 물질경제. 3. 건물생산과 인경제 (Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Maize Plant Population. III. Phosphorus Economy in Relation to Dry Matter Production)

  • Huque, M. Anwarul;Seung-Dal Song
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1981
  • 옥수수개체군의 생장기간중 생산구조의 발달과 건물생산과정에 따른 인의 동태, 즉 토양으로부터 흡수준, 동화율, 회전율, 수요공급의 수지 및 이용효율의 계절적 변화를 분석하였다. 인의 흡수율(최대 2.4mgPg$^{-1}$day$^{-1}$) 및 흡수효율(0.03)은 개체군의 상대생장률과 밀접한 상관을 보였고, 생육기간중 총 동화율은 3.41gPm$^{-2}$ 로서 월 최대 동화율은 2.99mgPg$^{-2}$ month$^{-1}$ (7월)였다. 한편 개체군의 인현존량의 변화는 최대치 1.4mgPg$^{-2}$ 였고, 최대 회전율은 178%를 나타내었다. 생육기간중 개체군의 각 기관별 인의 수요량은 엽 24.4%, 경 22.5%, 근 3.5% 및 종실 49.6% 였으며, 총 인요구량의 81.8%는 토양으로부터 흡수되였고 나머지 18.2%는 개체군내의 전류에 의해 공급되였다. 옥수수개체군의 인이용지수는 최대치가 6월에 1,091이며 평균지수는 655였다.

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우리나라 다문화가족 청소년의 체중 상태와 관련한 식생활 및 생활습관 요인 분석: 2017-2018년 청소년건강행태조사 자료를 활용하여 (Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Weight Status among Korean Adolescents from Multicultural Families: Using Data from the 2017-2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys)

  • 송수진;송효준
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.465-475
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: This study investigated dietary and lifestyle factors associated with the weight status among Korean adolescents in multicultural families. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 1,751 multicultural families' adolescents who participated in the 2017-2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Information on dietary and lifestyle factors was self-reported using a web-based questionnaire and this information included breakfast and foods consumption, perceived health status, alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, and weight control efforts. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the self-reported height and body weight (kg/㎡). Weight status was assessed according to the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart: underweight (weight-for-age <5th percentiles), overweight (85th≤ BMI-for-age <95th percentiles), and obese (BMI-for-age ≥95th percentiles). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the dietary and lifestyle factors associated with weight status after adjustment for covariates. Results: Among Korean adolescents from multicultural families, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 20.9%, whereas about 7% of adolescents were underweight. The weight status did not show differences according to gender, school level, area of residence, and household income. Compared to adolescents who did not have breakfast during the previous week, those who had breakfast 3-4 days/week and ≥5 days/week had a 42% (p=0.021) and a 37% (p=0.009) lower prevalence of overweight/obesity, respectively. The adolescents who frequently consumed carbonated soft drinks (≥5 times/week) showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 (95% CI=1.01-2.83) for overweight/obesity relative to those adolescents who did not consume carbonated soft drinks. The OR of being underweight for adolescents who ate fast food ≥3 times/week was 1.97 (95% CI=1.04-3.71) compared to those adolescents who had not eaten fast food during the previous week. Conclusions: Dietary and lifestyle factors were associated with overweight/obesity as well as underweight among Korean adolescents in multicultural families. Our findings could be used to design and provide nutrition interventions for this specific population.

Evaluation of effect of galvanic corrosion between nickel-chromium metal and titanium on ion release and cell toxicity

  • Lee, Jung-Jin;Song, Kwang-Yeob;Ahn, Seung-Geun;Choi, Jung-Yun;Seo, Jae-Min;Park, Ju-Mi
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.172-177
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    • 2015
  • PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cell toxicity due to ion release caused by galvanic corrosion as a result of contact between base metal and titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS. It was hypothesized that Nickel (Ni)-Chromium (Cr) alloys with different compositions possess different corrosion resistances when contacted with titanium abutment, and therefore in this study, specimens ($10{\times}10{\times}1.5mm$) were fabricated using commercial pure titanium and 3 different types of Ni-Cr alloys (T3, Tilite, Bella bond plus) commonly used for metal ceramic restorations. The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the composition of Ni-Cr alloy and contact with titanium. The experimental groups were in direct contact with titanium and the control groups were not. After the samples were immersed in the culture medium - Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium[DMEM] for 48 hours, the released metal ions were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test (P<.05). Mouse L-929 fibroblast cells were used for cell toxicity evaluation. The cell toxicity of specimens was measured by the 3-{4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl}-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Results of MTT assay were statistically analyzed by the two-way ANOVA test (P<.05). Post-hoc multiple comparisons were conducted using Tukey's tests. RESULTS. The amount of metal ions released by galvanic corrosion due to contact between the base metal alloy and titanium was increased in all of the specimens. In the cytotoxicity test, the two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of the alloy type and galvanic corrosion for cytotoxicity (P<.001). The relative cell growth rate (RGR) was decreased further on the groups in contact with titanium (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The release of metal ions was increased by galvanic corrosion due to contact between base metal and titanium, and it can cause adverse effects on the tissue around the implant by inducing cytotoxicity.