• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ diet) of organic Se on growth performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency, and relative weight of liver, abdominal fat and ready to cook yields were not affected (p>0.05) by organic Se supplementation to broiler diets. Lipid peroxidation in plasma decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased (p<0.01) linearly with Se concentration in diet. The ratios between heterophyls and lymphocytes and relative weight of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus), and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (p>0.05) by Se supplementation to broiler diets. However, the cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased (p<0.01) linearly with dietary Se concentration. The results of the present study indicate that the supplementation of Se did not influence body weight and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of Se increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.695-699
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• 1996

This experiment was to determine the effect of sialoadenectomy on the ability of the mammary gland development to response to ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, stimulus in vivo. Body weights did not differ between sham-operated and sialoadenectomized mice within 0 to 18 day estradiol + progesterone (E + P) injection (p > 0.05). Sialoadenectomy reduced mammary development scores from 4.6 to 3.9 or from 4.4 to 3.8 in comparison with those of sham-operated mice for the 12 or 18 day E + P injection ($P{\leq}0.05$), however, sialoadenectomized mice with 0, 1, 3 or 6 day of E + P injection slightly decreased mammary development scores relative to those of sham-operated mice. These results indicate that the endocrine factor secreted from submandibular salivary gland appears to be required for the mammary development to respond fully to estradiol and progesterone. Similar results were obtained in the measurement of mammary DNA contents. Mammary DNA contents of sialoadenectomized mice were significantly decreased relative to those of sham-operated mice for the 6, 12 or 18 day E + P injections. Overall results suggest that salivary gland-secreted endocrine factor, presumably epidermal growth factor (EGF), was mammogenic and should interact with ovarian steroids in mammary development.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.595-604
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• 2001

As an improvement in the standard of living and economic growth, the demand for air conditioning equipment is increasing rapidly. Nowadays, air conditioning equipments are being used for industry, large building, house and car. There equipments were concentrated on improving heat efficiency of economic aspects while thy design heat exchanger for cooling and heating. These air conditioning equipments using heat exchanger cause a discomfort to user due to generating mist at the beginning of operating. Therefore, the user demand air of high class and quality. In this experimental study, to acquire elementary data for development of heat exchanger which be able to supply air of high quality, that is to say, possess a restraint effect of mist generation. We estimate an effect on cooling plate quality, supply air velocity, supply air temperature, cooled plate temperature and supply air relative humidity which have an influence on outlet air condition of heat exchanger.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.139-152
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is how Chinese users' personal traits affect the intention to use mobile payment. This research selects personal innovativeness and habit of cash payment as personal traits, and considers perceived risks and relative advantage as personal beliefs. In addition, the research divided perceived risks into three multi-faceted risks, which are privacy risk, financial risk and performance risk. Methods: The method of this study used questionnaire survey to collect 241 data on users' perception on mobile payment, and also used a structural equation modeling method. Results: The result of this paper shows that all hypotheses are statistically significant except 4 hypotheses. Conclusion: The result of this study found that personal innovativeness is negatively related with all 3 kinds of perceived risks as anticipated. And Chinese users' traditional habit of cash payment negatively affects intention to use mobile payment but is not statistically significant affecting three perceived risks. Among perceived risks, privacy risk is the most negatively influencing factor to relative advantage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.347-350
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• 2003

Pleurotus eryngii is one of the most promising mushrooms produced on the domestic farms. The quality as well as quantity of Eryngii is sensitively affected by micro climate factors such as temperature, relative humidity, $CO_2$ concentration, and light intensity. At the commercial mushroom cultivation houses, this study was carried out to find out reasonable range of each environmental factor and yield together with economic and safe structures influencing on the optimal productivity of Eryngii. This experiment was conducted from Jan. 26, 2003 to Aug. 2, 2003. Ambient temperature during the experiment period was not predominantly different from that of a normal year. The capacity of the hot water boiler and the piping systems were not enough. Maximum temperature difference between the upper and lower growth stage during a heating time zone was about $6^{\circ}C$. The max. and min. relative humidity were ranged approximately $42{\sim}100%$. The $CO_2$ concentration and the illuminance were lowly maintained during growing period. The average yield per bottle was about $54{\sim}102g$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to assess eating habits and food consumption pattern of 365 adolescent girls in Kwangju area. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on relative body weight as obesity index. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were $161.9{\pm}19.0cm$ and $53.3{\pm}7.2kg$ respectively which are similar to those in the Korean Standard Growth data. Mean BMI and relative body weight were 20.50 and 97.1%. Age of menarche in the subjects significantly influenced the obesity index. Food habit score in the underweight group was significantly lower than that in the normal group at ${\alpha}=0.2$ level by multiple range test. Obesity was significantly associated with more frequent and irregular eating. It seems that students in the obese group were concerned on their body weight and tended to consume much vegetable. Obese group consumed more fruits, less butter and fruit juice compared to other groups. It might be suggested that more effective nutrition program might be developed and implemented to ensure good food habit of adolescent girls including obese as well as underweight group.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.285-297
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• 2012

The present study addresses the problem of quantitative prediction of effective complex relative permittivity of Barium Titanate/Polyvenylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and $(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})_{0.94}Ba_{0.06}TiO_3$/Poly(VDF-TrFE) biphasic ceramic-polymer composites. Theoretical results for effective relative permittivity derived from several dielectric mixture equations were fitted to the experimental data taken from the works of Prasad et al. (2010), Wang et al. (2004), Takenaka et al. (1991) and Yamada et al. (1982). The study revealed that out of the different test equations, only a few equations like modified Rother-Lichtenecker equation, Dias-Dasgupta equation or Rao equation for the real part and Bruggeman equation for the imaginary part of complex permittivity well fitted the corresponding experimental results. In the present study, some of the equations were used in their original forms, while some others were modified by choosing suitable shape-dependent parameters in order to get reasonably good agreement with experimental results. Besides, the experimental results have been proposed in the form of a mathematical model using first order exponential growth, which provided excellent fits.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-99
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• 1982

Water content and its seasonal change in reprodltctive organs were reviewed in relation to cultivation practice s. Precipitati on and humidity under shade roof were reviewed in relation to shading ,jystem and environmental factors. High water content of reproductive organs suggests vulnerability to water stress during reproductive growth stage. Watering during dehisconce treat menu seems to keep optimum temperature but cnoventional practice seems to be too often In watering. Information effe on water physiology of seeds is too rare to develop seed storing method and ctive seed use. Dehiscent mechanism was considered in terms of water absorption of embryo. Precipitation rate of conventional shade roof reaclled to 38% and at line level 50% and varied with shade patterns. Precipitation rate under shade has been investigated for itself but should be investigated in relation to light intensity and soil moisture content Relative humidity under shade depends mainly on air humidity and soil moisture, considerably on shade materials and lithe on pole height, bed width or plant density. Since relative humidity was lower in afternoon it was often less than 50% even in summer with high temperature suggesting possible disorder of phi biological function especially in photosynthesis. More information was needed on optimum humidity for productive physiological function of leaf.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2012

GDC20($Ce_{0.8}Gd_{0.2}O_{1.9}$) powder was synthesized from Ce and Gd nitrate solutions using ammonium carbonate($(NH_4)_2CO_3$) as a precipitant. Attrition-milling of the powder, which had been calcined at $700^{\circ}C$ for 4 h, decreased an average particle size of 2.2 ${\mu}m$ to 0.5 ${\mu}m$. The milled powder consisted of nano-sized spherical primary particles. Due to the excellent sinterability of the powder, sintering of the powder compacts for 4 h showed relative densities of 80% at 1000 $^{\circ}C$ and 96.5% at $1200^{\circ}C$, respectively. Densification was found to almost complete at $1300^{\circ}C$, resulting in a dense and homogeneous microstructure with a relative density of 99.5%. The grains of ~0.2 ${\mu}m$ in size at $1200^{\circ}C$ grew to ~1 ${\mu}m$ in size at $1300^{\circ}C$ as a result of a rapid grain growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.769-775
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• 2008

This study was on the relative net income (RNI) for 18,286 Iranian Holstein cows from 799 herds, with first freshening between 1991 and 2000. Two kinds of production system, which differed mainly in milk pricing system and feed cost, were considered. Four different models adopted from the literature were examined to find the optimum model. They differed by the cost of rearing and growth after first calving and they needed different amounts of economic data at the farm level. Results showed that four measures of RNI were highly correlated (>0.96) and could be used equally to measure lifetime profitability of cows. Therefore, in herds without a regular system for recording economic and management data, use of the simplest model is recommended. Multiple regression analysis revealed that RNI was affected by age at first freshening, milk yield and days of productive life (DPL), regardless of production system, and a similar breeding goal could be defined for the two systems. Multiple regression analysis of RNI showed that in order to obtain an unbiased estimate of economic value for DPL, the per day milk yield, not total lifetime milk yield, should be included in the regression model along with DPL. Regression analysis suggested that it is possible to predict RNI using information on age at first freshening along with the length of first lactation and per day milk yield with a coefficient of determination ranging from 0.44 to 0.47.