• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-37
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• 2000

In spite of adverse circumstances, dairy food industry of Korea has been developed continuously with the every efforts of farmers, processors, researchers and government officers. Development and extension of new technology, such as safety assurance, improvement of nutritive ingredient, and keeping freshness are very important issues considering short shelf life of dairy products which are prevalent in Korea. In addition to, demands for advanced technology would be increased rapidly with the increase of consumption development of high quality products supply structure, decrease of production basis, and appearance of environmental problems. And demands for information about standard would be enlarged. Development of new products and technology for quality improvement should be evolved with the application of developed technology and cooperation of relative institutes in order to enlarge the consumption of milk and dairy products. In conclusion, efficient production on the basis of balance and development of dairy products which are safe and high quality are the most important subjects for the development of dairy industry in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.476-486
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• 2009

Major objective of our study was to introduce initial researches of national long-term ecological monitoring studies on Daechung Reservoir, as one of the representative lentic reservoir ecosystems in Korea. For the long-term ecological research (LTER), we conducted preliminary field monitoring during 2008~2009 and analyzed biological parameters such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and freshwater fish along with chemical water quality and empirical model analysis. According to phytoplankton surveys, major taxa have varied largely depending on seasons and sites sampled. Overall phytoplankton data showed that cyanophyta dominated in the summer period and diatoms dominated in the winter. In zooplankton analysis, 25 species including 20 rotifers, 3 cladocerans and 2 copepods were collected during the survey. The relative abundance of rotifers (86.5%) was always greater than that of cladocerans (6.3%) or copepods (5.1%). There were distinct spatial and inter-annual changes in the abundance of zooplankton in the reservoir, displaying similar patterns in three sites with the exception of S3 during the study. According to fish surveys, 8 families and 39 species were observed during 2008~2009. The most dominant fish was an exotic species of Lepomis macrochirus (23%), indicating an severe influence of exotic species to the ecosystem. TP averaged $17.9\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ ($6{\sim}80\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), which was judged as a mesotrophy, and showed a distinct longitudinal gradients. TN averaged $1.585\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ during the study and judged as hypereutrophic condition. Unlike TP, TN didn't show any large seasonal and spatial variations. Under the circumstances, nitrogen limitation may not happen in this system, indicating that nitrogen control is not effective in the watershed managements. These data generated in the LTER station will provide key information on long-term biological and water quality changes in relation to global warming and some clues for efficient reservoir ecosystem managements.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.948-954
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• 2010

Exercise can favorably influence brain plasticity by facilitating neurogeneration, neuroadaptivity, and neuroprotection. Aerobic exercise has been reported to change brain nerve growth factors (growth hormone, insulin like factor-1, estrogen and serotonin). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of aerobic exercise for 12 weeks on brain nerve growth factors in girls. Fourteen female participants in elementary school grades 1 through 3 were randomly allocated to the exercise group (EG, n=6) and control group (CG, n=8). The EG participated in 60 minutes of modified ballet exercise as aerobic training three days a week for 12 weeks. Based on comparison between groups by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, aerobic exercise program participants experienced decreased weight (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), fat mass (p<0.001), fat percent (p<0.001) and increased LBM (lean body mass) percent (p<0.001). In addition, we detected that aerobic exercise decreased the level of serotonin (p<0.05) and increased the level of GH (p<0.05) and IGF-1 (p<0.05). These findings suggest that aerobic exercise programs can be an efficient intervention to change body composition, alleviate central fatigue, improve brain function, and induce brain cell proliferation in girls.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06c
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• pp.274-276
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• 2006

e-seal은 RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) 기술을 사용하여 원격에서 자동으로 봉인상태를 확인할 수 있는 컨테이너 봉인 장치를 말한다. RFID의 특징상 반도체 칩에 기록된 정보를 제 삼자가 쉽게 판독 및 변조할 수 있다는 취약점으로 인하여 활성화되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. ISO에서는 RFID의 취약점을 보안하기 위한 표준작업(ISO 18185)을 진행 중이다. 이 중, ISO 18185-4는 e-seal에 저장되는 자료나 리더와의 RF통신에서 데이터 보호를 위한 표준이다. 이와 관련된 연구로는 인증 프로토콜과 ISO 18185-4를 위한 보고서로 제출된 보안 프로토콜이 있다. 제안된 e-seal 보안 프로토콜을 적용하기 위해서는 e-seal과 리더 간의 데이터를 암/복호화할 키가 필요하지만, 키 서버를 통해 전달받은 마스터 키를 데이터 암/복호화 키로 바로 사용하는 것은 보안 상의 문제점을 야기할 수 있기 때문에 PRF(Pseudo Random Function)을 이용하여 마스터 키로부터 MTK(Mutual Transient Key)를 유도하고, MTK를 암/복호화 키로 사용해야 한다. 기존의 PRF는 일방향 해시 함수(MD5, SHA 등)를 기반으로 하는 HMAC[2. 3]을 일반적으로 사용하였다. 그러나 일방향 해시 함수는 e-seal과 같은 제한된 자원을 갖는 환경에 적합하지 않다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 e-seal 보안 프로토콜을 위한 효율적인 PRF을 제안한다. 기존의 일방향 해시 함수 기반이 아닌 블록 암호화 알고리즘을 기반으로 하는 MAC을 이용하여 PRF을 보다 효율적으로 구현하였고, 블록 암호화 알고리즘은 AES를 선택 합성체 $GF((2^4)^2)$을 통해 하드웨어 모듈을 최적화 하였다. AES를 기반으로 하는 MAC은 HMAC에 비해 면적 및 처리율에서 뛰어난 결과를 보여주었다.<0.01).이상의 연구 결과, cook-chill생산 시 녹차 추출물의 첨가가 미생물적 품질유지에 효과가 있다고 사료되는 바 본 연구결과를 기초로 급식소에서 음식 생산 시 녹차 추출물 및 천연 항균성 물질 첨가에 따른 미생물적 품질 및 관능적 품질검사를 통한 레시피 개발에 관한 지속적인 연구가 수행되어야 하겠다.다.다리다보니 점심시간을 활용할 수 없게 되는 문제점에 대한 재검토가 필요하다. 따라서 차후 학교급식의 안전성 확보를 위한 급식환경 개선의 일환으로 식당공간 확보 시 신속한 시간 내에 급식이 가능하도록 넓은 공간과 쾌적한 환경의 식당 조성에 대해 관심을 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다. 이상 여부를 반영하는 임상증상의 빈도가 높은 청소년기 남녀 중학생의 경우 아침과 저녁의 결식빈도 및 외식과 간식의 빈도가 높았고, 아침식사의 질과 체형만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타나 청소년의 건강과 식습관 및 체형만족도가 상호 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 성장기 청소년의 건강 유지를 위하여 바람직한 식습관의 중요성을 재인식할 수 있었으며, 올바른 식습관 확립을 위한 영양교육의 중요성이 재확인되었다.경제적일 것으로 판단된다.er 90 % of good relative dynamic modulus of elasticity due to fineness of formation caused by the increase of the unit powder content and the improvement of flowability, without regard to the replacement of crushed stone fines. Therefore, it can be said that the usage of crushed stone fines can control the strength of super flowing concrete by replacement and re

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.145-191
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• 2006

This paper studies implications of financial conglomeration for both financial risk of individual conglomerates and systemic risk potential in post-crisis Korea. Our analyses suggest that we cannot conclude that financial conglomerates are taking on higher risks relative to non-conglomerate independent institutions. We also find that larger financial institutions show a significantly higher profitability and lower variability in profitability operating on a superior efficient frontier. However, it turns out that the consolidation has raised systemic risk potential as direct and indirect interdependencies among large banking institutions have substantially increased. Furthermore, financial conglomerates have become more vulnerable to contagion risks from non-bank sectors and capital markets. In the face of the shifting risk structure, financial supervisory and regulatory systems must be upgraded toward a more risk-based, consolidated supervision. Prompt corrective action provision for financial conglomerates must be based upon fully consolidated group risks, and effective supervisory devices need to be introduced to avoid inadvertent extension of public safety net to cross-sectoral activities of financial conglomerates. It is also critical to strengthen internal control and risk management capacities at financial conglomerates, and to establish strong market discipline by improving information transparency and monitoring incentives in the financial market.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.626-635
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• 2005

Liposome as a carrier of topotecan (TPT), a promising anticancer drug, has been reported in attempt to improve the stability and antitumor activity of TPT. However, the biodistr ibution pattern of TPT liposome in vivo and PEG-modified liposome containing TPT have not been studied systemically. In this paper, the in vitro stability and in vivo biodistribution behavior of several liposomes containing TPT with different lipid compositions and PEG-modification were studied. Compared with the 'fluid' liposome (S-Lip) composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), the 'solid' liposome (H-Lip) composed of hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine HSPC decreased the leaking efficiency of TPT from liposome and enhanced the stability of liposome in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human blood plasma (HBP). The results of biodistribution studies in S$_{180}$ tumor-bearing mice showed that liposomal encapsulation increased the concentrations of total TPT and the ratio of lactone form in plasma. Compared with free TPT, S-Lip and H-Lip resulted in 5- and 19- fold increase in the area under the curve (AUC$_{0\rightarrow\propto}$), respectively. PEG- modified H-Lip (H-PEG) showed 3.7-fold increase in AUC$_{0\rightarrow\propto}$ compared with H-Lip, but there was no significant increase in t$_{1/2}$ and AUC$_{0\rightarrow\propto}$ for PEG-modified S-Lip (S-PEG) compared with S-Lip. Moreover, the liposomal encapsulation changed the biodistribution behavior, and H-Lip and H-PEG dramatically increased the accumulation of TPT in tumor, and the relative tumor uptake ratios were 3.4 and 4.3 compared with free drug, respectively. There was also a marked increase in the distribution of TPT in lung when the drug was encapsulated into H-Lip and H-PEG. Moreover, H-PEG decreased the accumulation of TPT in bore marrow compared with unmodified H-Lip. All these results indicated that the membrane fluidity of liposome has an important effect on in vitro stability and in vivo biodistribution pattern of liposomes containing TPT, and PEG-modified 'solid' liposome may be an efficient carrier of TPT.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.446-454
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• 2008

An advanced extraction method by ultrasonic extraction with applied solid phase extraction (SPE) has been developed for the determination of simultaneous eight major ginsenosides, namely ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rg2, Rc, Rb2, and Rd in the root of Panax ginseng. Four extraction methods including n-BuOH reflux extraction (Method A), 70% EtOH reflux extraction (Method B), 50% MeOH reflux extraction with SPE (Method C), and 50% MeOH ultrasonication with SPE clean-up process (Method D) were investigated for the determination of eight major ginsenosides. Total contents of ginsenosides were highest by extraction of Method C as $2.408{\pm}0.011%$. However, Method D was evaluated as relatively simpler and more efficient method due to short extraction time, small solvent consumption and less expensive, compared to conservative reflux method. Ginsenosides were also satisfactorily separated with good resolution and the accuracy range was between 1.05 and 4.06% as relative standard deviation (RSD) by Method D. SPE condition and HPLC condition were further optimized for determination of eight major ginsenosides by the ultrasonic extraction method. Conclusively, ultrasonic extraction of 2 g sample of ginseng using ultrasonic bath and 1 loading for SPE was evaluated as proper condition for extraction of ginseng.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.252-281
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• 2010

In this paper, we analyze the result of the Technology Level Evaluation of 'Biochip and biosensor (BB) Technology' consisted of 3 sub-categorized technologies; biochip sensing (BS), lab on a chip and high-efficient customized health care technology. As an analysis tool, authors used a delphi (a repeated survey) and dynamic methodology with technology growth model to overcome limits of previous evaluations. As a result, levels of BB were evaluated 51.5% (Korea) and 75.1% (US), and the technology gap between two countries was 6.1 yrs. In 2013, these levels were expected to change to 60.1% (Korea), 78.4% (US) and 4.3 yrs, respectively. In comparison with other biotechnology, the gap of BB was smaller and expected to catch up with US faster. In the case of sub-categorized technologies, they showed the smallest gap and would have faster catch-up speed than other sub-categorized technologies in the Biotechnology field. Based on the result of the survey, relative superiority of BB in Korea was originated from competent researchers and research fund, but weak basic science would be weak points. We think that BB's characteristic as an emerging technology and concentrated research activities on BB are additional strong points. This research proposes the supporting and supplemented points to promote the BB in Korea.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate various factors affecting the efficiency of China IC industry, reflecting the resource utilization and overall development level of China IC industry. In this paper, three input indicators (R&D Expenditure, Cash paid to and for employees, Total fixed assets) and two output indicators (Net profit, Sales revenue) were selected for 17 listed companies in the IC industry with operating profit of less than 1 billion yuan in 2018 and applied the technology efficiency theory and DEA analysis method to analyze the relative efficiency of the output base. The study found that one of the 17 companies analyzed was efficient, two were inefficient on an inadequate scale, and the rest were inefficient due to insufficient production technology, scale and management level. This study argues that enterprises should reduce resource input appropriately and strengthen scientific and technological innovation management to maximize resource utilization efficiency. Therefore, this study has important practical significance for improving the efficiency of IC enterprises. The Malmquist method will be used to study the total factor productivity of small and Medium-sized companies in IC industry.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2018

In recent years, vertical extension remodeling of apartment building is considered as one of the efficient ways to broaden and enhance the utilization of existing buildings due to the rapid development of population and decrement of land resources. The reinforcement of foundation is of great importance to bearing the additional load caused by the added floors. However, because of the additional load, the carried load by the existing piles would be in excess of its allowable bearing capacity. In this study, a conceptual construction method called preloading method was presented. The preloading method applies force onto the reinforcing pile before vertical extension construction. The purpose of preloading is to transfer partial load applied on the existing piles to reinforcing piles in order to keep each pile not exceeding the allowable capacity and to mobilize resistance of reinforcing pile by developing relative settlement. The feasibility and effect of preloading method was investigated by using finite numerical method. Two simulation models, foundation reinforcement with preloading and without preloading, were developed through PLAXIS 3D program. Numerical results showed that the presented preloading method is capable of sharing partial carried load of existing pile and develops the mobilization of reinforcing pile's frictional resistance.