• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.182-200
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to explore the essence of those lives who have been living with their mothers- in- law for more than 10years since their marriage by applying Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. It consists of four steps such as concentration on the nature of lived experience, existential research, hermeneutic phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic phenomenological writing. Method: Six middle aged participants who have been living with mothers- in- law in middle size of cities were interviewed and observed with their written consent for one month from 20, April. 2000 to 20 May 2000. To expand insight by analyzing sayings, folks stories, writings, etymology of sigipsalee relevant to it were collected and reviewed. Result: Five essential themes were derived by repeated reviewing the transcription of those interview such as difficulty living with endless heart distress, feeling oppressed, feeling deeply lonely, having a stronger backing as time passes, in turn harmonizing with each other. On the basis of the five essential theme hermeneutic phenomenological writing was done as follow. Participants lived lives filled with uneasy feeling from the newly formed relationship among in laws but especially with mothers- in- law. Participants did their best to be acknowledged found that at a significant moment during family event they would be treated as strangers so that they felt isolated and alone. Mothers in laws played a dominant role in most of family decision even buying their children's clothes. Mother in laws rarely complemented them so that they felt inferior as a person. As time passes. Mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law become adjusted to this lifestyle with each other and assumed a more mature relationship which includes a mutual respect thus better harmony. Participants become to have stronger backing so that they express their opinion to mothers-inlaw. With time both of them are getting old, participants show form of pity to their mothers-in- law. Sometimes participant surprise themselves by noticing a change in their behavior to the same pattern Mothers-in-law have showed them. Conclusion: Although generalizations have limitations, findings resulting from the study will enrich family nursing knowledge and understanding the problems when living with mothers-in- law in the same house. It will give a cleared view of problems faced by middle aged korean women in the Korean patriarchal culture. Researchers have recommended to study experiences of married young adult korean women's generation and the findings compared with this study to show trends and changes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 1996

Background : Several studies have suggested that impaired mucociliary clearance plays a role in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma. Cough productive of mucoid sputum is common, and mucous plugs in the airways are frequently observed. These clinical features are in keeping with the histologic lesions of asthma, which involve primarily the epithelial and mucous-producing structures of the conducting airways. Some studies have shown that the mucociliary clearance is impaired in adult asthma, but it has not been studied in childhood asthma. The objectives of this study were to examine whether the mucociliary clearance is impaired in childhood asthma and to estimate the degree of impairment in comparison with that of immotile cilia syndrome. Method : Thirteen children with mild stable asthma and eight patients with immotile cilia syndrome completed this study. Ten healthy children were recruited as a normal control group. The whole-lung mucociliary clearance was measured by the radioaerosol technique. Aerosols, tin colloid particles tagged with the radionuclide technetium-99m($^{99m}Tc$), were generated by means of nebulizer, and inhaled via a mouthpiece. The retention of radioactivity was measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes by gamma camera, and mucociliary clearance was calculated as percent retention at each time. Results: 1) In each subject, the percent retention decreased variably with the lapse of time. 2) The percent retention of radionuclide decreased at each time in order of normal control, bronchial asthma and immotile cilia syndrome and the percent retention of immotile cilia syndrome was significantly higher than that of normal control at each time(p<0.05). 3) At two hours, the percent retention of bronchial asthma($65.0{\pm}1.8$(SE)%) was significantly higher than that of the normal control($54.4{\pm}3.5%$, p<0.05), and significantly lower than that of immotile cilia syndrome($73.3{\pm}1.4%$, p<0.01). 4) When the percent retention was analyzed according to $PC_{20}$ in the children with bronchial asthma, they had no relationship with each other. Conclusion: Mucociliary clearance in the children with bronchial asthma was significantly lower than normal control. This finding indicates that impaired mucociliary clearance operates in childhood asthma as well, and suggests that it may be one contributing factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. The degree of impairment, however, was not so severe as immotile cilia syndrome.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop music psychotherapy program applying the Inner Family System(IFS) to reduce adult depression and improve self-esteem and to verify its effectiveness. For this, literature search and theoretical basis were prepared, and validity was secured through a demand survey and evaluation by experts. After going through the preliminary program, the final program consisting of 10 sessions was developed after revision and supplementation. To verify the effectiveness of the program, 25 people who met the selection criteria with a score of 20 or higher on the Depression Scale(CES-D) were selected. Of the 25 subjects, 10 subjects in the experimental group, 10 subjects in the control group, and 5 subjects in the preliminary group were randomly assigned and analyzed as final study subjects. The experimental group performed 10 sessions of music psychotherapy applying IFS twice a week for 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any treatment. As a result of data analysis, first, it was confirmed that there was a difference between the experimental group and the control group in the change patterns according to the measurement period of overall depression and the sub-factors, depressive emotion, interpersonal emotion, and physical depression score. Second, the effects were statistically significant on overall self-esteem and sub-factors such as self-deprecation, relationship with others, leadership and popularity, assertion and anxiety. Third, it was confirmed that the pattern of change according to the measurement period of the IFS score differed between the experimental and control groups.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.516-526
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• 2001

Working towards the compression of morbidity, we attempted to find the way to contribute to desirable aging and/or healthy old age. By looking into the factors affecting nutrient intake in middle-aged adults, we sought to find ways to improve their health status, Two hundred and fifty middle-aged adults from 40 to 60 years of age residing in Seoul and its vicinity were recruited for the survey. Subjects were interviewed for general characteristics, dietary habits lifestyle, status and food intake by a trained interviewer. Two -day food record was included in addition to the 1 -day 24 hr recall. Date were analyzed for the relationship among nutrient intake, health status, socio-economic status dietary habits and lifestyle using a statistical program (SAS) Although the mean energy intake of the subjects did not reach the recommenced dietary allowances(RDA), mean protein intake was well above the RAD for both sex groups(111.2% and 129.1% for men and women, respectively) The caloric contribution of fat was 15 to 20 % of total energy intake among different groups. Riboflavin was the most deficient nutrient and its mean intake reached only 71.0% of RDA for mean This seemed to be due to the lower intake of milk and dairy products among middle-aged Koreans who are more accustomed to traditional meals. Income and exercise habit were the most important factors influencing the nutrient intake of middle-age adults. Also, BMI, smoking habit, level of education regularity of meal, and hours of sleeping influenced the nutrient intake, In conclusion, middle-age adults appeared to have similar problems with the elderly in terms of nutrient intake and this age group should to included when considering nutritionally vulnerable groups in addition to the elderly and young children. The improvement in the nutrition status of middle-age adults is even more important because that could lead into the better health the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.133-154
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• 2011

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the expectation of independent life in old age and intergenerational downward transfer of Korean old people. It was focused on old people who did not live with their adult children by using the raw data of "2008 the Korean study of Welfare Services for the Elderly". The data were analysed by multiple regression analysis. The results showed the degree of the expectation of independent life in old age had positive effect on economic and service downward transfer of old people. Concretely, the degree of the expectation of economic and physical independence had positive effect on economic and service downward transfer of old people. The degree of the expectation of emotional independence had positive effect on service downward transfer of old people, while it had no effect on economic downward transfer.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2014

Besides from medical data, the patients who were previously called as attention disorder, mental instability, moral imbeciles, or moral defectives, can also be identified by exploring literatures and historical figures. In the past, as we can notice from the titles, they were recognized as a 'moral defect group'. And rather than treating them, separation from the society was the main solution. After the endemic encephalitis from 1917 to late 1920s, however, many survivors suffered from behavioral problems similar to those of the previous 'moral defect group' and studies on the relationship between brain damage and behavior problems were started henceforth. After being known as the 'minimal brain dysfunction', it was developed into the current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. While the disease concept changed and developed over time, after numerous trials and errors, treatment medication starting from central nervous system stimulants such as amphetamine and methylphenidate is used for treatment in children and adult patients with ADHD, and most recently non-stimulants such as atomoxetine has become the one of the first line treatment options. Although we went through a thorough verification process of the safety and efficacy of the medication by contemplating the historical development process, we believe that adjustment is needed for remaining concerns on medication abuse and slight differences in disease paradigm and therapeutic philosophy depending on cultures.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.153-192
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• 2018

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Korean adults' perception of parent-child relation on their self-efficacy, child rearing practices, elderly parent care practices, and happiness. In this study the parent-child relation is a relationship between the adults' parents and the adults. The participants in the study were adults (2,632; male=1,275, female=1,357) with children in primary, secondary, and/or university, with an average age of 45.44-years-old (male=46.96-years-old, female=44.10-years-old). The results showed a direct influence of the adults' perception of parent-child relation on their self-efficacy and their child rearing practices, and an indirect influence on their happiness. This indicates that a more positive adult's perception of parent-child relation leads to higher self-efficacy and greater devotion to their child rearing practices. And furthermore, an elevated self-efficacy enhanced their happiness. Gender differences were found for the influence of adults' perception of parent-child relation on elderly parent care practices. For Korean male adults, a more positive perception of parent-child relation lead to a more active participation in elderly parent care practices. However, for Korean female adults no direct influence was found. Based on these results, a discussion of the influence of adults' perception of parent-child relation on the adults' psychological characteristics and family-members relationships is provided.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1077-1093
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• 2010

This study aims to examine the effects of health status on life satisfaction and depression and to examine the effect of spirituality and religious involvement on this relationship among Korean older persons. On the basis of the previous literature, we hypothesize that health status will have a direct effect on life satisfaction and depression, but that spirituality and religious involvement will moderate this effect in addition to having direct effects on life satisfaction and depression. In light of the different gender effects on all five variables (health status, spirituality, religious involvement, life satisfaction, and depression), we also examine the effects of gender on these variables. The data for this study came from the Hallym Aging Study conducted by the Hallym University Institute of Aging from February to March in 2005. Through stratified multi-stage random sampling, 1409 individuals aged 65 and over, who lived in Seoul and Chuncheon in Korea. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate whether health status, gender, spirituality and religious involvement could predict life satisfaction and depression, and whether the direct relationships were moderated by interactions among these variables. We took three ordered regression steps to examine the hypothesis; the first step contained the covariates of age, education, living with spouse, monthly expense, living with adult children, and household income. We also entered gender into this step, so it would be adjusted for in relation to the other covariates. The second step then looked for any direct effects that gender, health status, spirituality, and religious involvement might have on life satisfaction and depression above and beyond the effects of the covariates. The third step contained interaction terms to look for further variance accounted for by indirect, moderating effects on life satisfaction and depression. The results showed that health status had a significant effect on both life satisfaction and depression, and religious involvement had a significant effect on depression. Spirituality and religious involvement were found overall to be a moderator, reducing the negative effect of health status on life satisfaction and depression. The direct effect of religious involvement and the moderating effects of spirituality and religious involvement on life satisfaction and depression are consistent with the view that spirituality and religion are resources and benefit the well-being of older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between current suicidal or violent behavior and deficits of specific neurocognitive variables in child and adolescent inpatient samples diagnosed with mood disorder. Methods: A retrospective review of the charts of mood disorder patients hospitalized at Samsung Medical Center between April 2004 and April 2015 was conducted. Child and adolescent patients aged between 10 and 18 years old and those who finished neurocognitive function testing during their hospitalization were included. Among them patients whose full scale IQ was between 85 and 115 were selected (N=111). Participants were first divided into two age-groups-group Y ($10{\leq}age{\leq}15$, N=54) and group O ($16{\leq}age{\leq}18$, N=57)-because neurocognitive function test tools were different according to age [Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for 10 to 15-year-old patients, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for 16 to 18-year-old patients]. They were then divided according to their suicidal or violent behavior-non suicidal/violent group (NG), suicidal group (SG), violent group (VG), and both suicidal/violent group (BG). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was checked for measurement of participants' behavior and the Gordon Diagnostic System was checked for measurement of their attention efficiency. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Tukey test was used to determine the differences in neurocognitive function between groups. Results: O-SG patients showed lower scores on the comprehension subscale of WAIS-III than O-NG patients (${\chi}^2=8.454$, p=.015). O-VG patients showed lower scores on the block design subscales of WAIS than O-SG patients (${\chi}^2=7.496$, p=.024). Y-VG patients showed higher scores in aggressive behavior, externalizing problems, and total problems scores of CBCL. Conclusion: This study showed relationship between specific neurocognitive deficits and suicidal or violent behavior. These relationships were significant in relatively older adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.289-322
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between job characteristics such as role conflict, workload, and self-efficacy, secondary traumatic stress(STS), and burnout of social-workers who are working with survivors of child abuse, spouse abuse and sexual assault. While burnout has been studied over two decades all over the world, secondary traumatic stress(STS) is a less familiar term in the field of social work. Studies explaining the relationship between job-demands, STS, and burnout for social workers working with violence victims lack integrative insights across agencies serving children and adults. Thus, we examine whether the relationships between change based on wheter the survivor is a child or an adult. Two hundred thirty three social workers in Korea who work with violence victims participated in the survey. The data were analyzed with Amos 7.0. Results indicate that STS plays a key role in explaining social worker burnout across the agencies, and Child Protective Service workers were found to have the highest STS symptoms. The pathways to social worker burnout proved to be different based on who you served. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.