• Title/Summary/Keyword: related genes

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Lipolytic Effect of Supercritical Extraction from Pine Cone (Pinus koraiensis) in Mature 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (분화된 3T3-L1 세포에서 잣송이 초임계 추출물의 지방분해 효과)

  • Lee, Minhee;Nam, Da-Eun;Kim, Ok Kyung;Heo, Seok Hyun;Lee, Jeongmin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.9
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    • pp.1342-1348
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    • 2014
  • Seeds of Korean pine cone (Pinus koraiensis) have long been consumed as an edible food in countries located in North-East Asia, On the other hand, Korean pine cone, containing various polyphenols, is discarded as a useless garbage after removing seeds. This study investigated the lipolytic effects of pine cone extract in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Intracellular lipid accumulation was measured by Oil red O staining, free glycerol release by colorimetric reaction, and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism by real-time PCR. Compared to control, pine cone extract reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by 8.8% and increased free glycerol release by 8.2% a concentration of 5μg/mL5μg/mL in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis were not significantly different between control and pine cone extract, but mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) significantly increased by 38.7% and 94.1% at a concentration of 5μg/mL5μg/mL, respectively. Thus, pine cone extract is suggested to have lipolytic effects through induction of LPL and HSL gene expression.

Endonuclease G is Upregulated and Required in Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis after Exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT

  • Park, Sungman;Kim, Min-Woo;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Lee, Yena;Kim, Min Soo;Lee, Yong-Jun;Kim, Young-Jin;Kim, Hee-Sung;Kim, Yoon-Won
    • Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.142-150
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    • 2015
  • Several reports supported that continuous exposure to 60 Hz magnetic field (MF) induces testicular germ cell apoptosis in vivo. We recently evaluated duration- and dose-dependent effects of continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF on the testes in mice. BALB/c male mice were exposed to a 60 Hz MF at 100μT100μT for 24 hours a day for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks, and at 2, 20 or 200μT200μT for 24 hours a day for 8 weeks. To induce the apoptosis of testicular germ cell in mice, the minimum dose is 20μT20μT at continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF for 8 weeks, and the minimum duration is 6 weeks at continuous exposure of 100μT100μT. Continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF might affect duration- and dose-dependent biological processes including apoptotic cell death and spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system of mice. The safety guideline of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) indicates that the permissible maximum magnetic flux density for general public exposure is 200μT200μT at 60 Hz EMF (ICNIRP Guidelines, 2010). In the present study, we aimed to examine the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes regulated by the continuous exposure to 60 Hz at 200μT200μT in Sprague-Dawley rats for 20 weeks. The continuous exposure to 60 Hz at 200μT200μT does not affect the body and testicular weight in rats. However, exposure to 60 Hz MF significantly affects testicular germ cell apoptosis and sperm count. Further, the apoptosis-related gene was scrutinized after exposure to 60 Hz at 200μT200μT for 20 weeks. We found that the message level of endonuclease G (EndoG) was greatly increased following the exposure to 60 Hz at 200μT200μT compared with sham control. These data suggested that 60 Hz magnetic field induced testicular germ cell apoptosis through mitochondrial protein Endo G.

Effects of Different Kinds of Salt in the Comutagenicity and Growth of Cancer Cells (소금의 보돌연변이 및 암세포성장억제 효과)

  • Zhao, Xin;Kim, So-Hee;Qi, Yongcai;Kim, So-Young;Park, Kun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2012
  • Purified salt and several different types of sea salts showed comutagenicity in the presence of MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine). However, the salts exhibited anti-cancer effects in HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells and AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Sea salt showed less comutagenicity effects than purified salt. French sea salt (Salines de Guerande) and Korean sea salt I, which contained higher levels of minerals, showed less comutagenicity. In MTT assay, when HCT-116 and AGS cancer cells were treated with the salts, French sea salt (36% and 34%) and Korean sea salt I (35% and 33%) showed higher anticancer activities than Spanish sea salt (33% and 31%), Italian sea salt (29% and 27%), Korean sea salt II (22% and 22%), or purified salt (18% and 15%) at a salt concentration of 1%. French sea salt and Korean sea salt I also showed better anticancer activities than the other salt samples at a low concentration of 0.5% (p<0.05). Apoptosis related genes of Bax and Bcl-2 were regulated by the treatment of the salt in the colon cancer cells. French sea salt and Korean sea salt I especially increased Bax mRNA expression, but decreased Bcl-2 expression, indicating that they can induce apoptosis of the cancer cells. From the experimental results, sea salt showed better health functional effects than the purified salt, and French sea salt and Korean sea salt I which contained high levels of Ca, K, and Mg showed better effects.

Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Sprout on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Anti-Histone Acetyltransferase Activity (쓴메밀 새싹 추출물의 히스톤 아세틸화 효소 활성 저해에 의한 비알코올성 지방간 억제 효능)

  • Hwang, Jin-Taek;Nam, Tae Gyu;Chung, Min-Yu;Park, Jae Ho;Choi, Hyo-Kyoung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.169-176
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    • 2017
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by chronic lipid accumulation due to dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the liver, and it is associated with various human diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Histone acetylation is a representative epigenetic mechanism regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases. We observed that tartary buckwheat sprout (TBS) suppressed lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells through its anti-HAT activity. We showed that TBS was a novel HAT inhibitor with specificity for the major HAT enzyme p300. Importantly, TBS reduced acetylation of total and histone proteins, H3K9, H3K36, and H4K8, resulting in decreased transcriptional activities of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, ATP citrate lyase, and fatty acid synthase. These results suggest that TBS inhibits the NAFLD transcription-modulating activity of lipogenesis-related genes through modification of histone acetylation.

Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors on the Depression in Early Adulthood (초기 성인기 우울증에 대한 유전적, 환경적 요인의 영향)

  • Kim, Sie-Kyeong;Lee, Sang-Ick;Shin, Chul-Jin;Son, Jung-Woo;Eom, Sang-Yong;Kim, Heon
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.14-22
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : The authors purposed to present data for explaining gene-environmental interaction causing depressive disorder by examining the effects of genetic factors related to the serotonin system and environmental factors such as stressful life events in early adulthood. Methods : The subjects were 150 young adults(mean age 25.0±±0.54), a part of 534 freshmen who had completed the previous study of genotyping of TPH1 gene. We assessed characteristics of life events, depression and anxiety scale and checked if they had a depressive disorder with DSM-IV SCID interview. Along with TPH1 A218C genotype confirmed in previous study, TPH2 -1463G/A and 5HTR2A -1438A/G genes were genotyped using the SNaPshotTMTM method. Results : In comparison with the group without C allele of TPH1 gene, the number of life events had a significant effect on the probability of depressive disorder in the group with C allele. Other alleles or genotypes did not have a significant effect on the causality of life events and depressive disorder. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that TPH1 C allele is a significant predictor of onset of depressive disorder following environmental stress. It means that the TPH1 gene may affect the gene-environmental interaction of depressive disorder.

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Systemic Approaches Identify a Garlic-Derived Chemical, Z-ajoene, as a Glioblastoma Multiforme Cancer Stem Cell-Specific Targeting Agent

  • Jung, Yuchae;Park, Heejoo;Zhao, Hui-Yuan;Jeon, Raok;Ryu, Jae-Ha;Kim, Woo-Young
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.37 no.7
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    • pp.547-553
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    • 2014
  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common brain malignancies and has a very poor prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in GBM and the rare CSC subpopulation that is resistant to chemotherapy may be responsible for the treatment failure and unfavorable prognosis of GBM. A garlic-derived compound, Z-ajoene, has shown a range of biological activities, including anti-proliferative effects on several cancers. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that Z-ajoene specifically inhibits the growth of the GBM CSC population. CSC sphere-forming inhibition was achieved at a concentration that did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect in regular cell culture conditions. The specificity of this inhibitory effect on the CSC population was confirmed by detecting CSC cell surface marker CD133 expression and biochemical marker ALDH activity. In addition, stem cell-related mRNA profiling and real-time PCR revealed the differential expression of CSC-specific genes, including Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, upon treatment with Z-ajoene. A proteomic approach, i.e., reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) and Western blot analysis, showed decreased SMAD4, p-AKT, 14.3.3 and FOXO3A expression. The protein interaction map (http://string-db.org/) of the identified molecules suggested that the AKT, ERK/p38 and TGFβTGFβ signaling pathways are key mediators of Z-ajoene's action, which affects the transcriptional network that includes FOXO3A. These biological and bioinformatic analyses collectively demonstrate that Z-ajoene is a potential candidate for the treatment of GBM by specifically targeting GBM CSCs. We also show how this systemic approach strengthens the identification of new therapeutic agents that target CSCs.

Functional characterization of a CCCH type zinc-finger protein gene OsZF2 by ectopic overexpression of the gene in rice (과발현 형질전환벼에서 CCCH type zinc-finger protein 유전자 OsZF2 기능 분석)

  • Lee, Jung-Sook;Yoon, In-Sun;Yoon, Ung-Han;Lee, Gang-Seob;Byun, Myung-Ok;Suh, Seok-Chul
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2009
  • We have previously isolated a CCCH type zinc-finger protein gene, OsZF2 (Oryza sativa Zinc Finger 2), from the cold-treated rice cDNA library. To investigate the potential role of OsZF2, transgenic rice lines over-expressing OsZF2 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter have been developed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Elevated level of OsZF2 transcripts was confirmed by RNA gel blot analysis in transgenic rice. Under the 100 mM NaCl condition, the transgenic rice showed significantly enhanced growth rate in terms of shoot length and fresh weight, implicating that OsZF2 is likely to be involved in salt response of rice. In the field condition, however, the transgenic rice showed a dwarf phenotype and flowering time was delayed. Genome expression profiling analysis of transgenic plants using the 20K NSF rice oligonucleotide array revealed many up-regulated genes related to stress responses and signaling pathways such as chaperone protein dnaJ 72, salt stress-induced protein, PR protein, disease resistance proteins RPM1 and Cf2/Cf5 disease resistance protein, carbohydrate/ sugar transporter, OsWAK kinase, brassinosteroid LRR receptor kinase, and jasmonate O-methyltransferase. These data suggest that the CCCH type zinc-finger protein OsZF2 is a upstream transcriptional factor regulating growth and stress responsiveness of rice.

Comparative Analysis of Local Green Tea in Korea by STS-RFLP (STS-RFLP법을 이용한 국내지역 재배녹차의 비교분석)

  • Cho, Kiu-Hyung;Jo, Aruna;Tsuge, Tomohiko;Kim, Jong-Cheol;Kim, Ru-Mi;Yoon, Ho-Sung;Kim, Gyung-Tae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.1415-1419
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    • 2010
  • Consumption of green tea has increased along with increasing concern regarding healthier lifestyles, and many brands of green tea are sold with a label indicating the region of Korea in which the tea was produced. However, there is little information on identifying the difference between the green tea cultivars according to the region they were grown. Here, 9 green tea cultivars collected from Hadong region, Bosung region, China and Japan were subjected to the STS-RFLP analysis. Using the coding and noncoding DNA regions of genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, we have identified the differences between green tea cultivars according to the region they were grown in. In this study, we showed a STS-RFLP method of green tea analysis which easily distinguished different kinds of tea using the primers as described. In addition, we identified that the green tea cultivars from Hadong and Bosung displayed a different profile when PAL intron was digested with Dde I, suggesting that a rapid authentication system for green tea cultivars grown in different regions in Korea is available.

Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Response to Endurance Exercise Training in Skeletal Muscle (지구성 훈련에 반응한 골격근의 미토콘드리아 항상성 조절)

  • Ju, Jeong-sun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.361-369
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    • 2017
  • Mitochondrial homeostasis is tightly regulated by two major processes: mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial degradation by autophagy (mitophagy). Research in mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise training has been well established, while the mechanisms regulating mitophagy and the relationship between mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation following endurance exercise training are not yet well defined. Studies have demonstrated that endurance exercise training increases the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-, dynamics-, mitophagy-related genes in skeletal muscle. However, the increased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis marker proteins such as Cox IV and citrate synthase, by endurance exercise training were abolished when autophagy/mitophagy was inhibited in skeletal muscle. This suggests that both autophagy/mitophagy plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis/homeostasis and the coordination between the opposing processes may be important for skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance exercise training to improve metabolic function and endurance exercise performance. It is considered that endurance exercise training regulates each of these processes, mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission events and autophagy/mitophagy, ensuring a relatively constant mitochondrial population. Exercise training may also have contributed to mitochondrial quality control which replaces old and/or unhealthy mitochondria with new and/or healthy ones in skeletal muscle. In this review paper, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy and the coordination between the opposing processes is involved in the cellular adaptation to endurance exercise training in skeletal muscle will be discussed.

Expression of Human Cytochrome b5 in Zebrafish (Zebrafish에서 human cytochrome b5의 발현)

  • Han, Se Mi;Yoo, Min
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.617-622
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    • 2017
  • In this study, we sought to develop an effective cloning system by which human cytochrome b5b5 (cyt b5b5) is introduced and expressed in zebrafish. First, the 414 bp human cyt b5b5 gene was amplified from RNA extracts of HeLa cells using RT-PCR, and the amplicon was subsequently sequenced to confirm that it was intact. Next, cyt b5b5 was cloned into the pEGFP-N3 vector, which also encodes a fluorescent gene. One-cell stage zebrafish embryos were microinjected with the recombinant vector containing the cyt b5b5 gene. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed high expression of the fluorescent gene in the injected fry compared to the non-fluorescent control fry. Finally, we extracted RNA from the injected fry and performed RT-PCR to determine whether the human cyt b5b5 gene is expressed in the transgenic zebrafish. Sequencing analysis further confirmed that the cloned human cyt b5b5 gene was intact. The transgenic zebrafish model produced in this study will be a useful tool to study therapeutic approaches to cure various diseases related to the deficiency of functional human cyt b5b5 as well as tools for cloning useful genes in fish.