• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-94
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• 1996

The main purpose of this work is comparing the difference between Soumin Bojungyikgitang of constitutional medicine and Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang Bojungyikgitang, the prescription originated from the Pi-Wei theory(脾胃論) of Li Dongyuan who was a medical man in the Jin Yuan dynasty, had been used widely for many kinds of disease caused by the singking of the qi of middle energizer due to the weakness of the spleen and stomach. But in the singking of the qi of middle energizer due to the weakness of the spleen and stomach. But in the end of Choseon dynasty Li Je Ma, the creator of the constitutional medicine, modified the Bojungyikgitang and applied to Soumin's disease. In this paper, the difference between the two prescription were investigated from the viewpoint of chinese herb pharmacology and purpose of prescription. Additionally the problems which could be brought out by applying Bojungyikgitang to the Soyangin and the Taeumin were studied. And the conclusion could be summarized as follows: 1. The prescription of the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang is based on the deficiency of vital energy due to internal damage and the Soumin Bojungyikgitang is useful to only a certain stage of progressing disease on the basis of Shanghanlun(傷寒論). 2. In the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix were used for emphasizing the ascending action and have the antipyretic action and the effect of elavating of yangqi as they are bitter in taste and cold in nature. 3. In the Soumin Bojungyikgitang, Pogostemonis Herba and Perillae Folium have the ascending-descending action and strengthen the stomach with the effect of mild sweating by pungent taste and warm nature. 4. The effect of elavating of yangqi in the Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang offers the pathway where vital qi go up by eleminating the pathogenic fire with the action of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radix in the triple energizer and yangming muscular striae. On the other hand, the Soumin Bojungyikgitang depends on the effect of reinforcing qi and elavating yangqi by Astrgalli Radix entirely and supply vital qi by reinforcing yangqi with Ginseng Rsdix. 5. The exahausion of yin(亡陰證) in the Soyangin exterior syndrome and cold limbs(寒厥證) in Taeumin exterior syndrome are similar to the indication of Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang. As the causes of the disease are fundamentally different in the view of constitutional medicine, the diseases could be aggravated by applying Li's Bojungyikgitang. These results suggest that Li Dongyuan's Bojungyikgitang is proper to the exterior syndrome of Soumin and Soumin Bojungyikgitang seems to be appropriate to the Soumin's disease.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of surface treatment and composition of reinforcement material on fracture strength of fiber reinforced composite inlay bridges. The materials used for this study were I-beam, U-beam TESCERA ATL system and ONE STEP(Bisco, IL, USA). Two kinds of surface treatments were used; the silane and the sandblast. The specimens were divided into 11 groups through the composition of reinforcing materials and the surface treatments. On the dentiform, supposing the missing of Maxillary second pre-molar and indirect composite inlay bridge cavities on adjacent first pre-molar disto-occlusal cavity, first molar mesio-occlusal cavity was prepared with conventional high-speed inlay bur. The reinforcing materials were placed on the proximal box space and build up the composite inlay bridge consequently. After the curing, specimen was set on the testing die with ZPC. Flexural force was applied with universal testing machine (EZ-tester; Shimadzu, Japan). at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min until initial crack occurred. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA/Scheffes post-hoc test at 95% significance level. Groups using I-beam showed the highest fracture strengths (p<0.05) and there were no significant differences between each surface treatment (p>0.05) Most of the specimens in groups that used reinforcing material showed delamination. 1. The use of I-beam represented highest fracture strengths (p<0.05) 2. In groups only using silane as a surface treatment showed highest fracture strength, but there were no significant differences between other surface treatments (p>0.05). 3. The reinforcing materials affect the fracture strength and pattern of composites inlay bridge. 4 The holes at the U-beam did not increase the fracture strength of composites inlay bridge.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

Morphine is a potent analgesic with significant abuse potential, because of drug craving and psychological dependence. It is reported that repeated treatment of morphine can produce conditioned place preference (CPP) showing a reinforcing effect in mice. Previously, we have reported the inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of Coptis japonica (MCJ) on morphine-induced CPP in mice. The present study was employed whether p-CREB expression is involved in the inhibitory effect of MCJ on the morphine-induced CPP in the mouse hippocampus. Repeated administration of MCJ 100 mg/kg inhibited morphine-induced CPP. Expression of p-CREB was increased in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus that had undergone morphineinduced CPP. This increase of expression was significantly inhibited by administration of MCJ 100 mg/kg, compared to the morphine control group. Taken together, these results suggest that MCJ inhibits morphine-induced CPP through the regulation of p-CREB expression in the mouse dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.838-845
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• 2006

Recently construction work in Korea, demands of favorable condition ground had been increased with industrialization acceleration and economic growth. However, because of limited land space, it was so hard to ensure favorable condition grounds that construction work proceeds until soft ground area on plans of road, railroad and industrial complex. In this case, soft ground improvement was required such as a stone column method. Stone column method, making a compaction pile using crushed stone, is a soft ground improvement method. However, stone column method is difficult to apply to the ground which is not mobilized enough lateral confine pressure because no bulging failure resistance. Hence, in present study, evaluates the stone columns reinforced by geogrid for settlement reduction and wide range of application of stone columns. Triaxial compression tests were conducted for evaluation which is about behavior characteristics of stone column on replacement rate. Then, 3-dimensional numerical analysis were conducted for application of stone column reinforced by geogrid as evaluate behavior characteristics and settlement reduction effect of stone column reinforced by geogrid on reinforcing depth change of geogrid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.514-519
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of existing bridge foundation reinforced by battered micropiles. In order to do numerical method using a Finite element program was used to predict the micropile behavior and quantify their reinforcing effect to existing bridge foundations. In addition, effect of battered micropiles on existing foundations was compared with vertically reinforced bridge foundations. Based on the study performed, it was found that the use of battered micropile is more efficiently reducing displacement of existing foundation than vertically installed micropiles under vertical and horizontal loadings respectively. The batter angle of micropile was also found effective about $15^{\circ}\sim20^{\circ}$ to reduce the vortical displacement. The horizontal reinforcement effect is continuously larger with an increase in batter angle. So, it is believed that the results presented could give an idea to enhance in-service performance of existing bridge foundations reinforced by micropiles.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 1997

This study was performed to verify the effect of axial force due to restraint on the mechanical behavior and the average crack spacing of the reinforced concrett. ilexural menlbers. For. this purpose, the flexural sttvngt.h and rigidity werc experimentally investigated undcl. axially rcstmined and unr.est.rainrd conditions. Furthermore , the average crack spacing was also checkcd for the axilly restrained contlit.ion. Thc test results showd that the flexual strength and rigidity of t,he restrained beam were higher. than those of the unrestrained beam. The major. factors affecting on the average crack spacing were steeel stress, axial force, cicumference of reinforcing bar and effective tension arm of concrete. However. the concrete compressive strength was minor effect. Including thesc factors, a prediction equation for the average crack spacing of the restrained member was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

Environmental impact of waste tires as gound-reinforcing material is studied. Analysis for chemical compounds and toxic effect were performed on effluents from twelve lysimeters in which waste tires were mixed with sand and three initially different environmental solutions of acidic, neutral, and basic circulated through the mixture. The test results of effluents collected from the lysimeters provided that the contaminant concentrations were lower than those of Korean drinking water standards for all the selected and tested metal elements. While iron concentration increased slightly with the exposure period, other metal concentrations decreased with the number of circulation times. From the comparison with previous investigations, the contaminant concentration decreased with the increase of tire size, i.e. increases with the increase of the exposed surface of tire metals. From the toxicity tests, no deteriorative effect was observed and it could be concluded that waste tires are not biologically hostile materials.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.799-823
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• 2016

A finite element model for the non-linear dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete (RC) containment shell of a nuclear power plant subjected to extreme loads such as impact and earthquake is presented in this work. The impact is modeled by using an uncoupled approach in which a load function is applied at the impact zone. The earthquake load is modeled by prescribing ground accelerations at the base of the structure. The nuclear containment is discretized spatially by using 20-node brick finite elements. The concrete in compression is modeled by using a modified $Dr{\ddot{u}}cker$-Prager elasto-plastic constitutive law where strain rate effects are considered. Cracking of concrete is modeled by using a smeared cracking approach where the tension-stiffening effect is included via a strain-softening rule. A model based on fracture mechanics, using the concept of constant fracture energy release, is used to relate the strain softening effect to the element size in order to guaranty mesh independency in the numerical prediction. The reinforcing bars are represented by incorporated membrane elements with a von Mises elasto-plastic law. Two benchmarks are used to verify the numerical implementation of the present model. Results are presented graphically in terms of displacement histories and cracking patterns. Finally, the influence of the shear transfer model used for cracked concrete as well as the effect due to a base slab incorporation in the numerical modeling are analyzed.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2018

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine health-related quality of life and to identify the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship among uncertainty, distress, and health-related quality of life in lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 149 lung cancer patients visiting the D hospital in B city completed a questionnaire, including demographic and disease-specific characteristics, uncertainty, distress, resilience, and health-related quality of life. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses via SPSS 24. Results: Health-related quality of life was $81.00{\pm}21.39$ (range 0~136) in lung cancer patients. In the results of hierarchical regression analyses, the health-related quality of life was associated with education, uncertainty, distress, and resilience. However, there was no mediating effect of resilience on the relationship among uncertainty, distress, and health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Lung cancer patients with high uncertainty and distress and low resilience could experience low health-related quality of life. In order to reduce uncertainty and distress, it is necessary to provide more detailed, systematic information and support, while reinforcing positive thinking.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 2000

In this study, a numerical simulation that can effectively predict the strengthening effect of repaired aged RC structures is developed using the axial deformation link elements. In repaired structures, concrete and interface are modeled as quasi-brittle materials. An elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive relationship is introduced for reinforcing bars. Also, a linear-elastic relationship for repair materials such as FRP or CFS. Structural deterioration in terms of corrosion of steel rebar is considered. The interfacial property between steel and concrete which is reduced by corrosion of steel rebar is obtained by comparing numerical results with experimental results of pull out tests. Obtained values are used in repaired reinforced concrete structures under flexural loading conditions. To investigate strengthening effect of the structures repaired with carbon fiber sheet(CFS), repaired and unrepaired RC structures are analyzed numerically. From analysis, rip-off, debonding and rupture failure mechanisms of interface between substrate and CFS can be determined. Finally, strengthening effect according to the variation of interfacial material properties is investigated, and it is shown that interfacial material properties have influence on the mechanical behavior of repaired structure systems Therefore, the developed numerical method using axial deformation link elements can use for determining the strengthening effects and failure mechanism of repaired aged RC structure.