• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1275-1282
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• 2005

This paper deals with the numerical study for excavation crossing the fault zone and the change of support pattern in field. The numerical analyses by FLAC program were performed to evaluate the suitable support pattern influenced by the width of Fault Zone, considering rock mass condition(RMR classification). Based on the results, it is found that partial reinforcement or degrading support pattern is suitable, when the width of Fault is under 3m. But when the width of Fault is more than 6m(0.5D), extra support pattern for fault zone is acceptable. At field, this result is generally used as a guide in the construction of roadway tunnel, but it is also possible to vary this assessment along the condition of fault.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.7
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• pp.48-55
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• 1986

The gold crown unearthed from the ancient tombs at Imdang-dong, Kyongsan-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do was in a state of severe corrosion that its original pattern couldn't be identified. Therefore, for the conservation of the relics, the following methods are employed :1. With 10% formic acid are used for the elimination of the bronze-rust and then plated them with gold.2. As a rust-proof treatment, 1% Benzotriazole is used for stem corrosion as well3. For protection and reinforcement of the surface of the relics, 30% incralac agentsare used.4. Pieces of fragments are bonded together by cyanoacrylate and on the backside are coated partially with Araldite for the reinforcement of the glass-wool.5. Silica-gels are kept into the acryl box for perfect maintenance.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1659-1663
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• 2011

Precast concrete slab track is a track structure to be installed by transporting and assembling precast concrete slabs manufactured at the factory. This method can improve concrete quality, provide easy maintenance and reduce construction time, compared with in-situ concrete track. However, the concrete slabs being continuously connected in longitudinal direction, due to the temperature change between summer and winter, the openings at slab joints have occurred. Thus, in this study, to identify the cause of this opening of slab joint, the joint opening caused by temperature drop in the longitudinally continuous precast concrete slab track has been predicted using three-dimensional finite element analysis, and compared with field measurements. Based on the proven model, the slab joint opening, and the stress pattern of concrete slab and steel reinforcement according to concrete slab-base friction properties, concrete-reinforcement bond properties, and prestressing were analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.501-506
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• 1998

This paper is an experimental study on the flexural strength and ductility capacity of reinforced high performance concrete beams with the concrete which has compressive strength of 600~700kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, slump value of 20~25cm and slump-flow value of 60~70cm. Total 8 beams with different tensile reinforcement ratio and pattern of loading were tested. Form the results of reinforced high performance concrete beams, the equivalent stress block parameters proposed by MacGregor et al. or New Zealand code are recommended to use. Also, an extreme fiber concrete compressive strain of reinforced high performance concrete beams are distributed 0.0033~0.0048. In reinforced high performance concrete beams, reinforcement ratio in order to insure curvature ductility index 2 and 4 propose by ACI code should be less than those of reinforced normal strength concrete beams.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2000

This paper presents a study on the flexural rigidity of reinforced high strength concrete beams. Thirty six beams with different compressive strength of concrete, tensile reinforcement ratio, compressive reinforcement ratio, and pattern of loadings(1 point loading and 2 points loading) were tested to evaluate the effective moment of inertia. According to the experimental results, the eqation(1) proposed by ACI code for the effective moment of inertia overestimated that of simply supported reinforced high strength concrete beams. Thus, in this paper, an empirical equation(3) is proposed as a lower bound of 90% confidence limit to estimate the effective moment of inertia of simply supported reinforced high strength concrete beams.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.343-361
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• 2010

The Discrete Element Method adopting particles for the domain discretization has recently been adopted in fracture studies of non-homogeneous continuous media such as concrete and rock. A model is proposed in which the reinforcement is modelled by 1D rigid-spring discrete elements. The rigid bars interact with the rigid circular particles that simulate the concrete through contact interfaces. The DEM enhanced model with reinforcement capabilities is evaluated using three point bending and four point bending tests on reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. Under three point bending, the model is shown to reproduce the expected final crack pattern, the crack propagation and the load displacement diagram. Under four point bending, the model is shown to match the experimental ultimate load, the size effect and the crack propagation and localization.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 2006

This paper presents an original feature selection method for Emotion Recognition which includes many original elements. Feature selection has some merits regarding pattern recognition performance. Thus, we developed a method called thee 'Interactive Feature Selection' and the results (selected features) of the IFS were applied to an emotion recognition system (ERS), which was also implemented in this research. The innovative feature selection method was based on a Reinforcement Learning Algorithm and since it required responses from human users, it was denoted an 'Interactive Feature Selection'. By performing an IFS, we were able to obtain three top features and apply them to the ERS. Comparing those results from a random selection and Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) and Genetic Algorithm Feature Selection (GAFS), we verified that the top three features were better than the randomly selected feature set.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.172-177
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• 1990

The reverse of reinforcement technique was used in treating rumination of a 12-year old (estimated age) mentally retarded child in a residential setting. The subject's rumination pattern was first to vomit the food onto the floor and then to eat it back in several attempts. Consequently, the way to reverse the contingency of rumination in this child was to take away the discharge whenever rumination occurred. An ABAB single subject design was adopted to evaluate the treatment effect. In baseline 1 the frequency of his rumination for 2.5 hours after eating was an average of 46(range= 30-62), while decreased to 6.7 in treatment condition 1. However, when the discharge was not taken away in baseline 2, his rumination increased to 34 times and then decreased to zero to 1 time when the reverse of reinforcement was reinstituted in treatment condition 2. The results clearly indicate that the reverse of reinforcement which was implemented in the form of removing the discharge from the floor was successful. It was reported that the treatment effect has been maintained over 10 months post treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

We consider a hyper-redundant system that consists of many uniform units. The hyper-redundant system has many degrees of freedom and it can accomplish various tasks. Applysing the reinforcement learning to the hyper-redundant system is very attractive because it is possible to acquire various behaviors for various tasks automatically. In this paper we present a new reinforcement learning algorithm "Q-learning with propagation of motion". The algorithm is designed for the multi-agent systems that have strong connections. The proposed algorithm needs only one small Q-table even for a large scale system. So using the proposed algorithm, it is possible for the hyper-redundant system to learn the effective behavior. In this algorithm, only one leader agent learns the own behavior using its local information and the motion of the leader is propagated to another agents with time delay. The reward of the leader agent is given by using the whole system information. And the effective behavior of the leader is learned and the effective behavior of the system is acquired. We apply the proposed algorithm to a snake-like hyper-redundant robot. The necessary condition of the system to be Markov decision process is discussed. And the computer simulation of learning the locomotion is demonstrated. From the simulation results we find that the task of the locomotion of the robot to the desired point is learned and the winding motion is acquired. We can conclude that our proposed system and our analysis of the condition, that the system is Markov decision process, is valid.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.693-703
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• 2005

Given the local traders with pattern-based multi-predictors of stock prices, we study a method of dynamic asset allocation to maximize the trading performance. To optimize the proportion of asset allocated to each recommendation of the predictors, we design an asset allocation strategy called meta policy in the reinforcement teaming framework. We utilize both the information of each predictor's recommendations and the ratio of the stock fund over the total asset to efficiently describe the state space. The experimental results on Korean stock market show that the trading system with the proposed meta policy outperforms other systems with fixed asset allocation methods. This means that reinforcement learning can bring synergy effects to the decision making problem through exploiting supervised-learned predictors.