• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2020

In the past, conservative concepts have been applied in terms of the characteristic of nuclear power plants(NPPs), resulting in analog-based equipment and closed networks. However, as digital technology has recently been applied to the design, digital-based facilities and communication networks have been used in nuclear power plants, increasing the risk of cybersecurity than using analog-based facilities. Nuclear power plant facilities are divided into a safety system and a non-safety system. It is essential to identify the difference and cope with cybersecurity threats to the safety system according to its characteristics. In this paper, we examine the cybersecurity regulatory guidelines for safety systems in nuclear power plant facilities. Also, we analyze cybersecurity threats to a programmable logic controller of the safety system and suggest cybersecurity requirements be applied to it to respond to the threats. By implementing security functions suitable for the programmable logic controller according to the suggested cybersecurity requirements, regulatory guidelines can be satisfied, and security functions can be extended according to other system requirements. Also, it can effectively cope with cybersecurity attacks that may occur during the operation of nuclear power plants.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.194-196
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• 2011

Promoter prediction is a very important problem and is closely related to the main problems of bioinformatics such as the construction of gene regulatory networks and gene function annotation. In this context, we developed an integrated promoter prediction program using hybrid methods, PromoterWizard, which can be employed to detect the core promoter region and the transcription start site (TSS) in vertebrate genomic DNA sequences, an issue of obvious importance for genome annotation efforts. PromoterWizard consists of three main modules and two auxiliary modules. The three main modules include CDRM (Composite Dependency Reflecting Model) module, SVM (Support Vector Machine) module, and ICM (Interpolated Context Model) module. The two auxiliary modules are CpG Island Detector and GCPlot that may contribute to improving the predictive accuracy of the three main modules and facilitating human curator to decide on the final annotation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6631-6636
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• 2013

Through years of effort, researchers have made notable progress in gene and microRNA fields about retinoblastoma morbidity. However, experimentally validated data for genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) can only be found in a scattered form, which makes it difficult to conclude the relationship between genes and retinoblastoma systematically. In this study, we regarded genes, miRNAs and TFs as elements in the regulatory network and focused on the relationship between pairs of examples. In this way, we paid attention to all the elements macroscopically, instead of only researching one or several. To show regulatory relationships over genes, miRNAs and TFs clearly, we constructed 3 regulatory networks hierarchically, including a differentially expressed network, a related network and a global network, for analysis of similarities and comparison of differences. After construction of the three networks, important pathways were highlighted. We constructed an upstream and downstream element table of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs, in which we found self-adaption relations and circle-regulation. Our study systematically assessed factors in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma and provided theoretical foundations for gene therapy researchers. In future studies, especial attention should be paid to the highlighted genes and miRNAs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.401-408
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• 2016

Periodontal disease is one of the major dental diseases. Currently, various methods are used for healing and successful regeneration of periodontal tissue damaged by periodontal disease. The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone have received considerable interest for use in periodontal tissue regeneration and induction. However, as the functions of the factors required for tooth attachment and key regulatory factors for periodontal tissue regeneration in the cementum have recently been identified, interest in cementum formation and regeneration has increased. Dental cementum forms in the late phase of tooth development because of the reciprocal regulatory interaction between cervical loop epithelial cells and surrounding mesenchymal cells, which is regulated by various gene signaling networks. Many attempts have been made to understand the regulatory factors and cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with new cementum formation. In this paper, we reviewed the study outcomes to date on the regulatory factors that induce cementum formation and regeneration, focusing on understanding the roles and functions of Wnt signaling in the regulation of cementum formation. In addition, we aimed to obtain information on the useful reciprocal regulatory factors that mediate cementum formation and regeneration through a series of molecular mechanisms.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 2007

Cell phenotypes are determined by groups of functionally related genes. Microarray profiling of gene expression provides us response of cellular state to its perturbation. Several methods for uncovering a cellular network show reliable network reconstruction. In this study, we present reconstruction of genetic regulatory network of inflammation bowel disease in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell. The microarray based on Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Genome U133 Array Set HG-U133A is processed and applied network reconstruction algorithm, ARACNe. As a result, we will show that inferred network composed of 450 nodes and 2017 edges is roughly scale-free network and hierarchical organization. The major hub, CCNL2 (cyclin A2), in inferred network is shown to be associated with inflammatory function as well as apoptotic function.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2021

Cellular resources including transcriptional and translational machineries in bacteria are limited, yet microorganisms depend upon them to maximize cellular fitness. Bacteria have evolved strategies for using resources economically. Regulatory networks for the gene expression system enable the cell to synthesize proteins only when necessary. At the same time, regulatory interactions enable the cell to limit losses when the system cannot make a cellular profit due to fake substrates. Also, the architecture of the gene expression flow can be advantageous for clustering functionally related products, thus resulting in effective interactions among molecules. In addition, cellular systems modulate the investment of proteomes, depending upon nutrient qualities, and fast-growing cells spend more resources on the synthesis of ribosomes, whereas nonribosomal proteins are synthesized in nutrient-limited conditions. A deeper understanding of cellular mechanisms underlying the optimal allocation of cellular resources can be used for biotechnological purposes, such as designing complex genetic circuits and constructing microbial cell factories.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.105-113
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• 2007

A gene regulatory network is a network of genes representing how genes influence the activities of other genes. Nowadays from microarray experiments, a large number of measurements on the expression levels of genes are available. One of typical data is the so-called "steady-state model" data measuring the expression levels of other genes after knocking out a particular gene. This paper shows how to reverse engineer a parsimonious gene regulatory network, using these measurement data. Our model considers auto-regulation, which forms a cycle in a genetic network. We also model repressor and enhancer roles of genes. which are not considered in previous known methods.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.243-256
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• 2022

Transcriptional regulation, a core component of gene regulatory networks, plays a key role in controlling individual organism's growth and development. To understand how plants modulate cellular processes for growth and development, the identification and characterization of gene regulatory networks are of importance. The SHORT-ROOT (SHR) transcription factor is known for its role in cell divisions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, whether SHR is involved in hypocotyl cell elongation remains unknown. Here, we reveal that SHR controls hypocotyl cell elongation via the transcriptional regulation of XTH18, XTH22, and XTH24, which encode cell wall remodeling enzymes called xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). Interestingly, SHR activates transcription of the XTH genes, independently of its partner SCARECROW (SCR), which is different from the known mode of action. In addition, overexpression of the XTH genes can promote cell elongation in the etiolated hypocotyl. Moreover, confinement of SHR protein in the stele still induces cell elongation, despite the aberrant organization in the hypocotyl ground tissue. Therefore, it is likely that SHR-mediated growth is uncoupled from SHR-mediated radial patterning in the etiolated hypocotyl. Our findings also suggest that intertissue communication between stele and endodermis plays a role in coordinating hypocotyl cell elongation of the Arabidopsis seedling. Taken together, our study identifies SHR as a new crucial regulator that is necessary for cell elongation in the etiolated hypocotyl.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.358-361
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• 2001

Fixed-mobile convergence services can be defined as the combination of previously separate fixed and mobile services, and networks and commercial practices. Examples of fixed-mobile convergence services include single voicemail box, single number and unified messaging across fixed and mobile networks. Recently as more voice is transferred to mobile networks, convergence services between fixed and mobile become more important. In Korea convergence services are only starting to become established, and are likely to become an important part of any operator's offering. In this paper, I search the different levels of fixed-mobile convergence services and the trends and regulations for fixed-mobile convergence services in major countries. And at the same time I also try to find a new direction of future regulatory principles related to fixed-mobile convergence services.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

Different types of eukaryotic cells may adopt seemingly distinct modes of directional cell migration. However, several core aspects are regarded common whether the movement is either ameoboidal or mesenchymal. The region of cells facing the attractive signal is often termed leading edge where lamellipodial structures dominates and the other end of the cell called rear end is often mediating cytoskeletal F-actin contraction involving Myosin-II. Dynamic remodeling of cell-to-matrix adhesion involving integrin is also evident in many types of migrating cells. All these three aspects of cell migration are significantly affected by signaling networks of TorC2, TorC1, and PP2A/B56. Here we review the current views of the mechanistic understanding of these regulatory signaling networks and how these networks affect eukaryotic cell migration.