• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.245-262
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• 2020

In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized global healthcare and has been predicted to exert a remarkable effect on clinical medicine. In this context, the clinical use of nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis, fertility preservation, and the management of infertility and other pathologies linked to pubertal development, menopause, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) has substantial promise to fill the existing lacunae in reproductive healthcare. Of late, a number of clinical trials involving the use of nanoparticles for the early detection of reproductive tract infections and cancers, targeted drug delivery, and cellular therapeutics have been conducted. However, most of these trials of nanoengineering are still at a nascent stage, and better synergy between pharmaceutics, chemistry, and cutting-edge molecular sciences is needed for effective translation of these interventions from bench to bedside. To bridge the gap between translational outcome and product development, strategic partnerships with the insight and ability to anticipate challenges, as well as an indepth understanding of the molecular pathways involved, are highly essential. Such amalgamations would overcome the regulatory gauntlet and technical hurdles, thereby facilitating the effective clinical translation of these nano-based tools and technologies. The present review comprehensively focuses on emerging applications of nanotechnology, which holds enormous promise for improved therapeutics and early diagnosis of various human reproductive tract diseases and conditions.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2023

Background: With the rise in global mobility, aircraft indoor air quality has become a significant public health concern. This study focuses on the health implications of increased travel and bleed air-air drawn from aircraft engines for cabin pressurization and air conditioning. Objectives: This research aims to review the potential health effects related to exposure to aircraft cabin air, particularly the effects of bleed air during fume events. Methods: We conducted a literature review of existing studies on aircraft cabin air quality. We focused on both the immediate and health effects of exposure to cabin air, particularly those related to bleed air contaminants. Results: The review found a possible link between exposure to aircraft cabin air and certain health issues, especially in cabin crew and frequent flyers. There was an increased incidence of respiratory and neurological symptoms related to bleed air exposure. However, the cumulative health effects of frequent air travel remain inconclusive due to limited data. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for improving air quality in aircraft to protect public health. While further research is needed to understand the cumulative effects of frequent air travel, the reduction of exposure to bleed air contaminants should be a priority. These findings underline the need for regulatory changes and technological improvements in aircraft cabin air quality.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1389-1402
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the impacts of waste dumping on inorganic nutrients in the dumping area of the Yellow Sea, and the effect of an governmental regulation of pollution in dumping areas. The environmental variables and parameters of the dumping and reference areas in the Yellow Sea were measured during July 2009 and analyzed. In addition, the analyzed data for inorganic nutrients over the last 10 years were obtained from the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) and the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI). The chemical environment of the study area revealed increases in concentrations of inorganic nutrients, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in the bottom layer. On the contrary, the pH level was decreased. Most notably, the time series data of inorganic nutrients showed gradual increase over time in the dumping area, and thus, the oligotrophic waters trend toward eutrophic waters. The increases appears to be due to the disposal of large amounts of organic waste. In recent times, the wastes disposed at the area were largely comprised of livestock wastewater, and food processing waste water. The liquefied waste, which contains an abundance of nutrients, causes a sharp increase in concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the dumping area. On the one hand, the dumping sites have been deteriorated to such an extent that pollution has become a social problem. Consequentially, the government had a regulatory policy for improvement of marine environmental since 2007 in the dumping area. Hence, the quality of marine water in the dumping site has improved.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.977-990
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• 2010

Today, as individuals show their social identities and reflect their being as the members of society with a culture, an art style and communication function are stood out in fashion photographs. Accordingly, the meanings of images into text are expanded in its interpretative width through the acceptor's various terms. This researcher looked into four theories of both positions on the textuality of language and image, and considered the point of discussion on image of each theory through modern fashion photographs. First, the theory which divides language and image as auditory and visual recognitions in the textuality of language and image is limited from the view it focuses on only one side without considering the ambivalent elements of each field. For the textuality in modern fashion photographs, the observer attempts to turn it into text to give meaning to it as the recognition through five senses conforming to the acceptor's condition. Second, the theory dividing language and image into the text of time properties and spacial properties has limitation in the text, for acceptor's experience of the object appears as the structured form in time and space rather than being defined as two things like time and space. Third, the theory classifying the language and image text into conventional taste and natural taste has limitation from the view that image text is hardly an object of consistent classification in ease of recognition by the code accepted in society. Thus, this can't be fundamental approach for the understanding of the text of decoding trend represented in modern fashion photographs. Fourth, accordingly, this researcher focussed on contextual and arbitrary text of fashion photographs through the theory of Nelson Goodman which discusses image text through the differences in textuality. Basic mechanism of perceiving and recognizing and distinguish image is closely related to habit and custom like language. So, each acceptor perceives the image as a text through arbitrary interpretation obtained by individual, empirical, historical, and educational viewpoints. The textuality of modern fashion photographs aims to widen the range of diverse knowledge and understanding, transcending the regulations of simple function of existing fashion photographs. Consequently, this researcher puts forward the opinion of consistent and diverse follow-up studies on instilling meaning into fashion photographs for the understanding de-regulatory and de-constructive through various senses by avoiding only one sense-dependent fixed and regulatory properties of it.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.1113-1119
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• 2000

To operate a process plant safely and economically, process monitoring is very important. Process monitoring is the task to identify the state of the system from sensor data. Process monitoring includes data acquisition, regulatory control, data reconciliation, fault detection, etc. This research focuses on the data recon-ciliation using scale-space filtering and fault detection using functional-link associative neural networks. Scale-space filtering is a multi-resolution signal analysis method. Scale-space filtering can extract highest frequency factors(noise) effectively. But scale-space filtering has too large calculation costs and end effect problems. This research reduces the calculation cost of scale-space filtering by applying the minimum limit to the gaussian kernel. And the end-effect that occurs at the end of the signal of the scale-space filtering is overcome by using extrapolation related with the clustering change detection method. Nonlinear principal component analysis methods using neural network have been reviewed and the separately expanded functional-link associative neural network is proposed for chemical process monitoring. The separately expanded functional-link associative neural network has better learning capabilities, generalization abilities and short learning time than the exiting-neural networks. Separately expanded functional-link associative neural network can express a statistical model similar to real process by expanding the input data separately. Combining the proposed methods-modified scale-space filtering and fault detection method using the separately expanded functional-link associative neural network-a process monitoring system is proposed in this research. the usefulness of the proposed method is proven by its application a boiler water supply unit.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2001년도 정기총회 특별강연 및 춘계학술연구발표회(2)
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

This paper provides a case study of landfill gas (LFG) utilization fer direct use as process fuel, and for electrical power generation at restored landfills in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (HKSAR). The paper specifically covers the LFG utilization schemes, which are required under landfill restoration contracts at the Shuen Wan and Urban Landfills. These contracts provide for the restoration and aftercare of six landfills, and are administered by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) of the Hong Kong Government. The LFG utilization scheme at the Shuen Wan Landfill incorporates the direct use of LFG by compressing and dehumidifying the LFG prior to conveyance through a 1.6-kilometer (1-mile) pipeline. The pipeline provides an alternate fuel source to naphtha during process heating for gas production at the Tai Po Gas Production Plant of the Hong Kong and China Gas Limited (HKCC). The LFG utilization scheme at the Jordan Valley Landfill (one of the Urban Landfills) beneficially uses the LFG as fuel for electrical power generation with reciprocating internal combustion engines. The LFG is compressed, cooled, and filtered prior to delivery to two engine/generator sets. This system provides power to operate the leachate pre-treatment plant, which processes leachate from all of the Urban Landfill sites. The case study will examine the technical and non-technical considerations, including harriers, for developing, designing and implementing the LFG utilization projects in Hong Kong. Specific regulatory considerations and external governmental agency approvals are discussed, including the requirement to register as a gas-producing utility. While the paper focuses on LFG utilization applications in Hong Kong, many of the considerations discussed are also applicable to development of LFG utilization in other regions of Asia.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.91-106
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• 1990

This study focuses on consumers' advertising discriminatory competencies and the influencing facors. So the objects of this study are as follows : 1) to identify the overall level of advertising discriminatory competencies. 2) to examine if consumer attitude variables have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competenceis. 3) to examine if the frequencies of contacting advertising variable have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 4) to examine if socio-economics variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-have significant effects on the ads. discriminatory competencies. 5) to find out the independent influence of variables related to the ads. discriminatory competencies. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionaires and advertisement papers. The data used in this study included 194 Homemakers living in Seoul. The ads. used in this study included ads. of diary products like foods, drinks, medicine, cosmetic, detergent in TV, radio, newspaper and magagine. Statistics were Frequency Distribution, Mean, percentile, ANOVA, Scheff -test, Pearsons' Correlation, Multiple Regrassion Analysis. Major findings were as follows : First, in 26 items(70%) of 37 items measured consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies, the rate of right answer was below 50%, so over the half of consumers were misleaded by the deceptive ads. Second, consumers' ads. discriminatory competencies differed significantly according to consumer attitude variables but no according to the frequency of contacting advertising. Third, according to socio-demographic variables-age, educational level, monthly family income, occupational status-advertising discriminatory competencies differed significantly. In group of lower age, higher educational level, higher income and professional occupation status, the level of ads. discriminatory competencies were high. Forth, the most influencing variabel on ads. disciriminatory competencies were eudcational level and in turn general attitude toward ads., attitude toward consumerism. This three variables explain 22.9% of dependent variable's variance. From these findings, the following suggestions are made, First, the consumer education offering informations and learing practical ads. discriminatory competencies should be conducted for all consumers wheather they are educated or not. Also the education to improve the consumer attitude must be. Second, considering misleading level, the business must make the regulatory standards and reinforce the regulation voluntarily, and by enforcing the regulation of ads. and deciding more diverse, objective and exact standards, the government should keep the consumer's right to know.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

Homeotic proteins have pivotal roles during the development of both plant and animals. Many homeotic proteins exert control over cell fate in cells where their genes are not expressed, i.e., in a non-cell autonomous manner. Cell-to-cell communication, which delivers critical information for position-dependent specification of cell fate, is an essential biological process in multicellular organisms. In plants, there are two pathways for intercellular communication that have been identified: the ligand/receptor-mediated apoplastic pathway and the plasmodesmata-mediated symplasmic pathway. Regulatory proteins and RNAs traffic symplasmically via plasmodesmata and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Thus, the non-cell autonomous function of homeotic proteins can be explained by the recent discovery of cell-to-cell trafficking of proteins or RNAs. This article specifically focuses on understanding the intercellular movement of homeodomain proteins, a family of homeotic proteins.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-77
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• 2004

1967년 우주조약에서 규정된 우주활동에 대한 국가의 감독 의무가 구체적으로 어떠한 방식으로 이행되는가에 대해서는 각국의 입법 사례에 따라 다르며, 아울러 그 의무의 강제력에 대한 논의도 지속되어 왔다. 다수의 국적 위성을 발사하고, 발사장을 곧 건설, 운용할 대한민국 정부는 그러한 감독 의무를 이제는 이행하기 위한 구체적인 조치를 취할 단계에 이른 것으로 판단되며, 이에 입법 방향을 검토해 보고자 한다. 1967년 우주조약은 우주활동 주체들이 국제법을 포함한 1967년 우주조약을 준수하고, 그에 따른 국제책임을 국가가 부담할 것을 규정하고 있다. 이에 전 국가를 위한 우주 이용의 원칙, 우주공간의 비영유원칙, 및 우주활동에 대한 국가 감독 및 책임 원칙 등이 준수하여야 할 국제협약상의 의무로 요약되며, 그 이행을 위한 입법 조치가 필요하다고 판단된다. 국내 입법 체계상, 기존의 타 법령과의 조화를 꾀하면서, 우주 발사체의 발사 허가제도 등을 내용으로 하는 입법 조치가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.193-214
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• 2014

본 연구는 도서관에 소장된 고아저작물이 좀 더 활발하게 이용될 수 있도록 저작권법 개정 방향을 논의하였다. 특히 저작권법 제31조와 제50조를 중심으로 도서관의 고아저작물 디지털화 및 그 이용에 있어서의 한계점을 논하고 EU의 고아저작물 지침과 미국의 고아저작물 법안, 영국의 개정된 고아저작물 관련법을 고찰하였다. 이에 근거하여 국내 도서관에서 고아저작물의 대량 디지털화를 지원할 수 있는 저작권법의 개정 방향을 세 가지 측면에서 제안하였다. 첫째는 도서관에서 디지털화된 고아저작물은 관외 전송이 가능하도록 해야 한다는 점, 둘째, 비영리 목적으로 이루어지는 도서관의 고아저작물 디지털 복제 및 전송에 대해서는 보상금을 사전에 공탁하지 않도록 하고 수수료를 최소화해야 한다는 점, 셋째, 도서관은 디지털화하여 사용하던 고아저작물의 저작권자가 나타났을 경우 그의 요청에 의하여 해당 저작물의 사용을 중단하거나 이용료를 지급해야 한다는 점을 제안하였다.