• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2014

Dental plaque resides passively at a site and makes an active contribution to the maintenance of health. The bacterial composition of plaque remains relatively stable despite regular exposure to minor environmental stress. This stability, homeostasis is due to a dynamic balance of microbial interactions. However, the homeostasis can break down, leading to shifts in the balance of the microflora. This change can be a sign of initial dental caries. It is proposed that disease can be prevented or treated not only by targeting the putative pathogens but also by interfering with the processes that drive the breakdown in homeostasis. It is essential to understand the plaque as a mixed species biofilm. In this essay I reviewed an extension of the caries ecological hypothesis to explain the relation between dynamic changes in the phenotypic/genotypic properties of plaque bacteria and the demineralization and remineralization balance of the dental caries process. We will have the strategies to impact significantly on clinical practice as understanding dental biofilm.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2011

Let (R, T) be a normal pair of commutative rings (i.e., R ${\subseteq}$ T is a unita extension of commutative rings, not necessarily integral domains, such that S is integrally closed in T for each ring S such that R ${\subseteq}$ S ${\subseteq}$ T) such that the total quotient ring of R is a von Neumann regular ring. Let P be one of the following ring-theoretic properties: going-down ring, extensionally going-down (EGD) ring, locally divided ring. Then R has P if and only if T has P. An example shows that the "if" part of the assertion fails if P is taken to be the "divided domain" property.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2009

This study is to analyze the effects of the growth temperature of mungbean sprouts ($15{\sim}30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) on the yield ratio, content of phenolic compounds and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase), ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) activities of the sprouts. When the growth temperature of mungbean sprouts was higher, the yield ratio of the sprouts was higher while the hard seed rate was lower, but $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ showed no regular tendency. The content of the total phenol from the ethanol extract of the sprouts was higher in the growth temperature of $15{\pm}1$, $20{\pm}1$, and $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, while the content of total flavonoid was higher in the growth temperature of $15{\pm}1$, and $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extract of the sprouts was higher when the growth temperature was lower, while the activity of ADH and ALDH showed no regular tendency according to the growth temperature. Considering the yield ratio, content of phenolic compounds, biological activities of mungbean sprouts, the optimum cultivation temperature of mungbean sprouts may be $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.329-329
• /
• 2017

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different harvesting time on pasting properties of starch in three colored rices. Seven major parameters of starch pasting properties, peak viscosity (PKV), hot pasting viscosity (HPV), cool pasting viscosity (CPV), setback (CPV minus PKV), breakdown (PKV minus HPV), peak time, and pasting time were determined by Rapid Visco Analyzer. The peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity and peak time were influenced by different harvesting times. Pasting time was delayed slightly with prolonged harvesting time in all rice cultivars. Pasting temperature in each rice cultivar differed from each harvesting time, and pasting temperature of the two rice cultivars, Hongjinju and Joseongheugchal, showed the highest at the 40 days after heading and then it decreased at the final harvesting time. With the delay of the harvesting time, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, cool viscosity, setback value and pasting temperature did not exhibit a regular trend depending on their genetic characteristics. Branch chain length distribution of amylopectin was demonstrated a distinct difference among these colored rices. In changes of amylopectin branch chain-length distribution, the amylopectin structure of Hongjinju rice cultivar as affected by different harvesting time, the shortest chain length of amylopectin in rice starch harvested at 20 days after heading was characterized by the significant increase in A chains with $DP{\geq}12$ and remarked decrease in long chains $37{\leq}DP$ compared to that of 30, 40, and 50 days after heading. In particular, when harvesting time is delayed the distribution percentage of short chain (A chains with $DP{\geq}12$) was increased except for the rice which harvested 20 days after heading. The similar results were also observed in Sintoheugmi rice cultivar like that of Hongjinju rice cultivar. Otherwise, distribution percentage of the shortest chain length of amylopectin in rice starch harvested at 20 days after heading was characterized by the significant decrease in A chains with $DP{\geq}12$ and remarked increase in B chains $13{\leq}DP{\geq}24$ compared to that of 30, 40, and 50 days after heading.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.975-983
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we introduce extended problems of Tower of Hanoi (ToH) and propose a novel visualization method to express a state space of ToH. As for the extended problems, we introduce multi-peg ToH, multi-stack ToH, and regular state ToH. The novel visualization method in this paper is a natural extension of Hanoi graph visualization. In the proposed method, we assign one Cartesian coordinate point per each disk to provide an unified visualization that the marks on a link and the changes of a state should correspond with a peg position of a disk. Compared with Hanoi graph, the generated graph by the proposed method is isomorphic if we remove links of forbidden move, which indicates that our method is a generalization of Hanoi graph and thus is more expressive. To help the understanding of the readers, we show the generated graphs by our method when the number of disks is 2 and 3.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.267-282
• /
• 1997

This study was to test the relationship between regular physical exercise and physical fitness in nursing students. These subjects were 54 volunteers who agreed with intention of this study and were composed of 24 active group and 30 non-active group. The selected physical fitness tests were grip strength and back strength for measuring muscular strength, sargent jump and standing broad jump for measuring power, push-up, sit-up, and heart rate for measuring total endurance, reaction time and side step test for measuring agility, stick test and stork stand for measuring balance, and trunk flexion and trunk extension for measuring flexibility. The conclusion acquired was as follows : 1) Grip strength had significant difference between active group of $29.5{\pm}5.9kg$ and non-active group $25.4{\pm}7.2kg$(t=2.283, p=.027), and back strength between active group of $54.1{\pm}13.7kg$ and non-active group of $44.7{\pm}15.7kg$(t=2.310, p=.025), 2) Sargent jump was lower with non-active group($44.9{\pm}8.6cm$) than with active group($45.3{\pm}8.8cm$), however, was not significant(t=.182, p=.856). Standing broad jump was significantly lower with non-active group of $161.3{\pm}28.7cm$ than with active group of $191.4{\pm}27.0cm$(t=3.939, p=.000). 3) Push-up showed significant difference between active group of $25.3{\pm}12.3times$ and non-active group of $11.5{\pm}5.1times$(t=5.572, p=.000), and sit-up between active group of $21.8{\pm}7.4times$ and non-active group of $17.1{\pm}5.8times$(t=2.631, p=.011), and heart rate between actvie group of $110.5{\pm}12.8$beats/min and non-active group of $121.5{\pm}9.5$beats/min(t=-3.648, p=.001). 4) Reaction time was significantly higher with non-active group of $.300{\pm}.051sec$ than with active group of $.341{\pm}.041sec$(t=-3.285, p=.002). Side step test was lower with non-active group($8.8{\pm}1.1times$) than with active group($9.2{\pm}1.2times$), however, was not significant (t=1.309, p=.196). 5) Stick test showed not significant difference between active group of $25.8{\pm}14.8sec$ and non-active group of $30.7{\pm}17.9sec$(t=-1.058, p=.295), and stork stand between active group of $4.5{\pm}3.2sec$ and non-active group of $3.7{\pm}3.5sec$(t=.918, p=.363). 6) Trunk flexion came out not significant difference between active group of $14.2{\pm}5.0cm$ and non-active group of $15.8{\pm}7.3cm$(t=-.927, p=.358), and trunk extension between active group of $67.1{\pm}6.5cm$ and non-active group of $67.3{\pm}6.6cm$(t=-.140, p=.889). 7) Power was shown to be significantly related to total endurance(r=.717, p=.000 ; r-.739, p=.000). 8) Total endurance was shown to be significantly related to agility(r=-.752, p=.000 ; r=.684, p=.000 ; r=-.664, p=.000 ; r=.598, p=.002 ; r=.864, p=.000 ; r=-.536, p=.007). These results suggest that regular physical exercise is effective in promoting and maintaining physical fitness. As the further study, it is necessary to reinvestigate the effect with more refined design.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.257-278
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to explore factors influencing them and properties of exercise behaviors among rural elderly in Korea. To implementing it, data were gathered from a total of 356 elderly aged 65 and over living at the Seniors Well-being Villages being developed by the Rural Development Administration in Korea, using the structured questionnaires. also, data were analyzed by the SPSS / windows program. Results show that the exercise behavior of rural elderly was medium level as the average of 3.06 score($1{\sim}5$ score) and 44.2 percent among them didn't exercise regularly and 66.8% didn't participate in sports groups. Second, there were the difference in exercise behavior according to sex and age. Specifically, elderly men exercised more regularly and were aware of proper exercise methods than elderly women. However, there were no difference in exercise behavior according to age. Third, when we analyzed the difference in exercise behavior with the regularity of execution, the elderly who exercise regularly showed higher preference, awareness of necessity, regularity of execution, execution of stretching, participation in sports gatherings and awareness of proper methods than the counterparts. Fourth, we found that unhealthy elderly were more aware of necessity of exercise, exercised regularly, and participated in sports groups frequently than healthy elderly. Also, there was a positive influence of regularity of execution on exercise behavior. These results suggested that regular exercising is very important in health of rural elderly. Therefore, to improve their health, above all, exercise program must be developed

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.560-567
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we discuss a simple and straightforward binarization procedure which can generate black/white comics from the video frame image. Generally, the region of human's skin is colored white or light gray, while the dark region is filled with the irregular but regular patterns like hatching in most of the black/white comics. Note that it is not enough for simple threshold method to perform this work. Our procedure is decoupled into four processes. First, we use bilateral filter to suppress noise color variation and reserve boundaries. Then, we perform mean-shift segmentation for each similar colored pixels to be clustered. Third, the clustered regions are merged and extended by our region extension algorithm considering each color of their regions. Finally, we decide which pixels are on or off using by our dynamic binarization method based on the HSV color model. Our novel black/white cartooning procedure was so successful to render comic cuts from a well-known cinema in a resonable time and manual intervention.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2015

Background: This study was conducted in order to see if muscle strength is different according to fall experience in female elders by comparing their muscle strength of waist and knee, which is one of factors inducing fall. Method: For this study, 22 female elders aged over 65 sampled from senior centers in D City were surveyed on their fall experiences using a questionnaire asking clinical history. Then, 8 elders with fall experience (FE) and another 8 without (NFE) were selected and participated in the research. Isokinetic muscle strength was measured with isokinetic equipment BIODEX SYSTEM 3 PRO, and the peak torque was obtained from the highest of 9 measurements at angular velocity $60^{\circ}/sec$ according to the method recommended in the manual. Measured items were waist flexion and extension, and knee flexion and extension. Results: The FE group showed higher extensor and flexor muscle strength of the waist, but the difference was not significant (p<.05). In addition, no difference was observed in extensor muscle strength of the knee (p<.05). In flexor muscle strength, however, the FE group was significantly higher than the NFE group (p<.05). Conclusion: The application of regular exercise programs for improving muscle strength, endurance, etc. to those with fall experience will be effective in preventing falls among them.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.319-329
• /
• 2020

Structural damage to an arch dam is often of major concern and must be evaluated for probable rehabilitation to ensure safe, regular, normal operation. This evaluation is crucial to prevent any catastrophic or failure consequences for the life time of the dam. If specific major damage such as a large crack occurs to the dam body, the assessments will be necessary to determine the current level of safety and predict the resistance of the structure to various future loading such as earthquakes, etc. This study investigates the behavior of an arch dam cracked due to water pressure. Safety factors (SFs), of shear and compressive tractions were calculated at the surfaces of the contraction joints and the cracks. The results indicated that for cracking with an extension depth of half the thickness of the dam body, for both cases of penetration and non-penetration of water load into the cracks, SFs only slightly reduces. However, in case of increasing the depth of crack extension into the entire thickness of the dam body, the friction angle of the cracked surface is crucial; however, if it reduces, the normal loading SFs of stresses and joints tractions reduce significantly.