• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

This paper is intended to suggest some reference materials for future elderly housing design, especially smart home, in Korea, by reviewing the elements and applications of smart home concept for older adults in USA. Research method includes collecting materials by attending the regular SmartHome$^{(R)}$ part meeting, the navigation of related homepages, and the analysis of collected materials. Current researches in Korea look initial stage and show some general principles without practical concept & technologies of elderly facilities. SeniorSmart$^{(R)}$ Center in USA started on August 2007 with the 3 parts of SmartHOME$^{(R)}$, SmartWHEELS$^{(R)}$ and SmartBRAIN$^{(R)}$. The Center has been doing various multidisciplinary research projects but slowing down the planned processes due to national economic recession. The major researches of SmartHome$^{(R)}$ part can be summarized as follows; CS-PFP( Continuous Scale Physical Function Performance) laboratory is being in operation to help older adults and families make the difficult decision regarding the ability and safety to live independently. Three levels of necessary laboratories from uninhabited space to senior living environment were accommodated for field research. As core technologies of SmartHome$^{(R)}$, predicting & warning system of fall risk on recognizing gait signature patterns to identify any deviation from the normal patterns of the older adults, home monitoring system which will send alerts to a specified relative and/or health care professional when vital signs of the older adults will not be within normal parameters, and Mobility & Research Clinic for evaluating, treating the older adults & multidisciplinary research are under development. SmartHome$^{(R)}$ has made collaborative research agreements for field laboratory with various retirement communities and also is continuing to work for experimental software engineering with the Fraunhofer Institute, Germany.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.411-424
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• 2018

This study explores the inelastic behavior of systems with flexible base. The use of a single degree of freedom system (ESDOF) with equivalent ductility to represent the response of flexible base systems is discussed. Two different equations to compute equivalent ductility are proposed, one which includes the contribution of rigid body components, and other based on the overstrength of the structure. In order to asses the accuracy of ESDOF approach with the proposed equations, the behavior of a 10-story regular building with reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames is studied. Local and global ductility capacity and demands are used to study the modifications introduced by base flexibility. Three soil types are considered with shear wave velocities of 70, 100 and 250 m/s. Soil-foundation stiffness is included with a set of springs on the base (impedance functions). Capacity curves of the building are computed with pushover analysis. In addition, non linear time history analysis are used to asses the ductility demands. Results show that ductility capacity of the soil-structure system including rigid body components is reduced. Base flexibility does not modify neither yield and maximum base shear. Equivalent ductility estimated with the proposed equations is fits better the results of the numerical model than the one considering elastoplastic behavior. Modification of beams ductility demand due to base flexibility are not constant within the structure. Some elements experience reduced ductility demands while other elements experience increments when flexible base is considered. Soil structure interaction produces changes in the relation between yield strength reduction factor and structure ductility demand. These changes are dependent on the spectral shape and the period of the system with fixed and flexible base.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2009

본 연구는 초등학교 5학년 4개 반을 대상으로 온라인게임 '군주'를 활용하여 10주 동안 정치수업을 진행하였다. 수업은 현직 교사 4명이 진행하였으며, 이를 위해 교사들은 수업이 시행되기 전 연구자와 함께 초등학교 교과과정 및 대상게임을 분석하여 교과과정을 구성하였다. 수업의 효과성을 검증하기 위해 수업에 참여한 학생을 대상으로 효능감과 흥미도 및 대표를 선출할 때 주로 고려하는 요인에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 더불어 참여교사와 학생들을 대상으로 인터뷰 실시하고 및 소감문을 수집하여 수업에 대한 의견을 수집하였다. 그 결과 학생의 정치활동에 대한 효능감은 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하였다. 반면, 흥미도의 경우, 응답의 평균은 증가하였지만 통계적으로 유의미성을 보이지는 않았다. 또한, 선거활동에서 대표자를 선출하는 기준의 변화를 측정해 본 결과 학생들은 온라인 선거에서 대표자의 내적요소를 일반 반장선거에 비해 중시하였으며 수업에 참여한 학생들이 일반 학생들에 비해 내적요소를 더욱 중시하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.169-182
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• 1978

The Weolagsan area consists of four units; (1) Low grade meta-sediments of the upper members of Ogcheon age unknown group such as Changri (mainly black slate and phyllitic rock), Majeonri (mainly alternation of slate, limestone and chert) and Hwanggangri Formation (pebble bearing phyllitic sediments); (2) Samtaesan Formation of Chosun System of Ordovician; (3) So called meta-volcanics and (4) Weolagsan Granite and its associations which intruded above mentioned meta-sediments and meta-volcanics. This study was focused to know the Woelagsan granite and its metasomatic effects to the country rocks petrographically and petrochemically. According to the field survey, microscopic work and some chemical analysis, the granite is a "normal granite" based on the Streckeisen's classification and belongs to a mass of the Central-zone younger group in Ogcheon geosynclinal belt. The granite metasomatized the country rocks along its northern contact zone. Zone of calcareous and cherty rocks (Majeonri formation) was silicified partly and skarned locally at the contact with the granite. The chemical analysis of the zone show no difinite variations in contents of $SiO_2$ and CaO with the distance from the granite. It seems to be indicated that the silicification of this part was not so metasomatized by the granite body, but thermally affected as much as to be partially remelted in the specific parts of the formations. Meta-volcanic rock zone was slightly chloritized near contact with the granite. Limestone of Samtaesan Formation was silicified and skarned along the contact zone by the granite body. The chemical analysis of the zone show some noticiable changes in compositions of $SiO_2$ and CaO with distance from the granite boundary. It can be imagined that the silicification of this zone was metasomatically originated by Woelagsan Granite. According to chemical analysis on several trace elements, the ratio of Zn/Cr and Ni/Cr are relatively higher than that of Cu/Cr in the above mentioned silicified zones. Generally the variation of these metal elements in the zones tend to be regular with distance from the granite body.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree and pattern of knowledge management process, and to identify the relationship between knowledge management process and organizational effectiveness in clinical nurses. Method: Participants were 665 regular clinical nurses who had worked for over 1 year in general units of 9 tertiary medical hospitals including 2 national university hospitals, 5 university hospitals, and 2 hospitals founded by business enterprises. Data were collected from March to May 2003 through questionnaires. Four structured instruments were used to collect the data: Knowledge Management Process Scale(Jeong, Lee, Lee, & Kim, 2003), cCommitment Questionnaire(Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979), General Satisfaction Scale(CooK, Hepworth, Wall, & Warr, 1981), and one for general characteristics. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, correlation analysis with the SPSS for Windows 10.0 program. Result: 1) The average score for knowledge management process in nurses was $3.08{\pm}.54$ on a 5-point Likert scale. In order from highest mean score, the elements of knowledge management process, were Knowledge $Utilization(3.35{\pm}.57)$, Knowledge $Sharing(3.07{\pm}.58)$, Knowledge $Creation(2.99{\pm}.63)$, and Knowledge $Storage(2.91{\pm}.82)$. 2) Four knowledge management patterns for nurses, which were derived from cluster analysis, were inactivate pattern, delayed pattern, activate pattern, and high-activate pattern of knowledge management. 3) The degree of knowledge management process activation and 4 elements of knowledge management process, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Storage, Knowledge Sharing, and Knowledge Utilization, were significantly correlated with nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction(p=.000). 4) The nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction showed significant differences according to the knowledge management patterns derived from cluster analysis of high-activate pattern, activate pattern, delayed pattern, inactivate pattern(p=.000). Conclusion: These results suggest that there are four knowledge management patterns for nurses, and knowledge management process positively affects the nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction. From the above findings, knowledge management process is empirically verified as a useful and effective method to increase organizational effectiveness, and develop the organization.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.203-220
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• 2010

In the present study, exterior beam-column sub-assemblage from a regular reinforced concrete (RC) building has been considered. Two different types of beam-column sub-assemblages from existing RC building have been considered, i.e., gravity load designed ('GLD'), and seismically designed but without any ductile detailing ('NonDuctile'). Hence, both the cases represent the under-designed structure at different time frame span before the introduction of ductile detailing. For designing 'NonDuctile' structure, Eurocode and Indian Standard were considered. Non-linear finite element (FE) program has been employed for analysing the sub-assemblages under cyclic loading. FE models were developed using quadratic concrete brick elements with embedded truss elements to represent reinforcements. It has been found that the results obtained from the numerical analysis are well corroborated with that of experimental results. Using the validated numerical models, it was proposed to correlate the energy dissipation from numerical analysis to that from experimental analysis. Numerical models would be helpful in practice to evaluate the seismic performance of the critical sub-assemblages prior to design decisions. Further, using the numerical studies, performance of the sub-assemblages with variation of axial load ratios (ratio is defined by applied axial load divided by axial strength) has been studied since many researchers have brought out inconsistent observations on role of axial load in changing strength and energy dissipation under cyclic load.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.6366-6371
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• 2014

본 논문은 공동주택에 적용 가능한 한옥 평면기술에 관한 연구로서, 기존의 장식적인 요소로서의 한옥 특성들을 구조적인 측면으로 분석하여 규칙을 제안하고 이를 공동주택의 평면에 적용하는 방안을 제안하였다. 기존 지붕선이 미적으로 분석되었다면 이를 하지, 동지의 남중고도를 반영한 실내 일사깊이를 계산하여 지붕처마를 해석하였으며, 대청마루와 쪽마루, 툇마루의 각 방에 대한 비율을 현대 공동주택의 평면비율과 비교하였으며, 전통 기둥의 안쏠림과 귓기둥 솟음을 안정감과 착시효과 개선 방안이 아닌 구조적으로 분석하여 이를 지붕구조하중과 연관하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 공동주택에 적용 가능한 평면을 제시하였으며, 기존의 평면이 가지고 있는 단점들을 극복하여, 도시미관상의 효과와 더불어 각 세대의 채광, 환기, 통풍을 개선하고 한옥의 안마당 요소를 접목하여 보다 진화된 평면을 제안하였다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

시스톨릭 어레이는 간단한 연산능력을 가진 처리요소들이 정규적이고 국부적인 통신 선들로 연결된 병렬처리 시스템이다. 시스톨릭 어레이는 인공신경망에서 고밀하게 연결된 뉴런으로 인하여 발생하는 뉴런간의 복잡한 통신 문제를 해결하는 가장 좋은 방법 중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 주어진 뉴런수에 적합한 역전파 인공신경망을 자동으로 생성하는 시스톨릭 어레이 시뮬레이터를 설계하고 구현한다. 시뮬레이터의 애니메이션 기법을 이용하여, 설계된 시스틀릭 어레이 상에서의 역전파 알고리즘의 실행 상황을 사용자들이 단계별로 쉽게 관찰할 수 있다. 또한, 시뮬레이터는 역전파 알고리즘의 전 방향, 역 방향 연산을 각각 따로 실행시키거나, 병렬로 실행하게 할 수 있다. 병렬 실행은 입력 자료를 연속적으로 입력받아 시스톨릭 어레이의 모든 처리요소들에서 역전파 알고리즘의 양방향 전파를 동시에 실행시킴으로써 가능하다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

The exploration areas for maritime resources such as oil and natural gas have gradually moved to deep sea areas. It has become difficult to use existing fixed marine structures, which are very costly to build, because that have reached the uppermost economic limit. Therefore, floating marine structures and flexible marine structures are preferred. In particular, slender bodies such as risers and pipes are important parts of ocean depth marine structures. These slender bodies have more flexible structural characteristics in deep water areas because their overall length becomes longer and thediameter/length slenderness ratio gets smaller. In addition, the dynamic behavior of slender bodies becomes complicated as external forces such as tides and waves act on it directly. In this study, in order to solve these problems, we performed model tests in a 2-D wave basin using flexible slender bodies with different modulus of elasticity values. As a result, we compiled statistics and compared the behaviors of flexible slender bodies with respect to the effect of the modulus of elasticity. We expect that the results could be used as reference data for the design of structures with flexible elements.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2017

The objective of this work is to present a conceptual design and the modelling of a distributed sensor system based on fiber optic devices (Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG), aimed at measuring span-wise and chord-wise variations of an adaptive (morphing) trailing edge. The network is made of two different integrated solutions for revealing deformations of the reference morphing structure. Strains are confined to typical values along the span (length) but they are expected to overcome standard ranges along the chord (width), up to almost 10%. In this case, suitable architectures may introduce proper modulations to keep the measured deformation low while preserving the information content. In the current paper, the designed monitoring system combines the use of a span-wise fiber reinforced patch with a chord-wise sliding beam. The two elements make up a closed grid, allowing the reconstruction of the complete deformed shape under the acceptable assumption that the transformation refers to regular geometry variations. Herein, the design logic and some integration issues are reported. Preliminary experimental test results are finally presented.