• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for the planning of oral health education and the development of an oral health-promotion program for patients who visited dental clinics by examining how much dental hygienists offered oral health education to adult patients at dental clinics. A parent group was selected, being made up of 1,600 dental hygienists who registered with the Dental Hygienist Association and worked in Seoul. The questionnaire survey was carried out and an ${\chi}^2-test$ was made using the data collected from 218 subjects to determine how their practice of oral health education was different according to certain general characteristics(the sort of organization for which they worked, age, the term of their service, and the mean number of patients per day). As a result, the following findings were obtained: 1. Thees general characteristics made the following differences to the content of oral health, education: The sort of organization for which the subjects worked made a significant difference in the following tooth brushing instruction (p<0.05), the effect of oral prophylaxis or education about aftereffects (p<0.05), the regular examination of prosthesis (p<0.05), smoking-prohibition education (p<0.05), and the prevention poor-quality fillings (p<0.01). The mean number of patients per day made significant differences to the regular examination of prosthesis (p<0.05) and the prevention poor-quality fillings (p<0.01). But no significant disparity was generated by age or the term of service. 2. The general characteristics made the following differences to education about nutrition and diet counseling: The sort of organization for which the subjects worked had a significant effect just on the importance of a balanced menu (p<0.05). Age made significant differences in advice for vitamin, mineral, protein or other nutrients (p<0.01), and the importance of balanced menu (p<0.001). The term of service made significant differences in the importance of balanced menu (p<0.01), and advice for nutrients including vitamin, mineral or protein (p<0.01). 3. The general characteristics made the following differences to the recommendation and use of oral hygiene aids: The sort of oragnization for which they worked made significant differences only to a gingival massager and water pick (p<0.05). No significant difference was produced by age, the term of service or the mean number of patients per day. 4. The use of educational media for oral health was different according to the general characteristics: The use of pamphlets or booklets significantly varied depending on the organization for which they worked and with the mean number of patients per day (p<0.05). The use of slides or slide projectors was significantly affected by age (p<0.05). But no significant disparity was yielded by the term of service. 5. The general characteristics made the following difference as to whether a continued oral management system was carried out or not: The sort of organization for which they worked had very a significant effect on this result (p<0.001), and no significant disparity was made by age, the term of service or the mean number of patients per day. 6. The place where oral health education was giver differed according to the following general characteristics: The sort of organization for which they worked made very a significant difference as to the use of an examination room's dental unit chair or waiting room (p<0.01), and to the use of an oral health education room or reception counter (p<0.001). The term of service had a significant effect on the use of a counseling room (p<0.01). And the mean number of patients per day made significant differences in the use of a dental unit chair or reception counter (p<0.05), and to the use of an oral health education room or waiting room (p<0.01).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2012

This study was to evaluate the influence of dental caries prevention-related concerned and perceived in Korean adults and oral health behavior of their first child if they had children. A cross-sectional study in 1,014 adults over 19 years old were conducted in Korean adults, asked to answer a computer-assisted telephone interview regarding their oral health-related knowledge, behavior, concerned of caries prevention and child's behaviors such as frequencies of tooth brushing, chewing the xylitol gum and dental checkup. The statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS 19.0 program (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Awareness of caries prevention in the female than male, 40~49 years old age group was higher. Parents of school-age children were higher level of awareness of the dental caries prevention than other group. As knowledge and behavior of dental caries prevention were higher, the child's conduct regular oral health checkups, fluoride topical application and dental sealant was significantly higher. The higher the concerned of caries preventive, the intention of oral health behaviors and child's oral health behaviors was more increased. Awareness of caries prevention had effect on the perception of the impact of the child's oral health behaviors.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

This study is designed to present basic materials necessary for offering the more effective way of dental hygienists, or those who are in charge of the education of Oral health, the treatment and prevention of dental problems, educating Oral health by stage by dint of determining the actual condition of the knowledge and management of dental hygiene, or prevention of the basic dental disease except the professional methods of dental management and evaluating their abilities to manage dental hygienes. In terms of the real conditions of the management of dental hygienes, the majority of the subjects said, "not bad" or "healthy". Most of them (62.1%) said that they brush their teeth three times a day, and most of them (85.2%) depend on rolling methods. 69.2% of them used brushes that are neither hard nor soft, and 28.4% of them use soft brushes and 49.7% of them brush their teeth for about 3 minutes. In terms of brushing time, 27.8% of them brush their teeth after lunch, while 23.8% of them brush their teeth after breakfast. 66.3% of them use fluoric tooth pastes while 19.5 percent of them said, "I have no idea." and 14.2% of them said, "No." In terms of complementary dental hygiene goods, dental goggles are used by 23% of them, and dental threads are used by 78.1% and tooth brushes are used by 78.1% of them, and 42.4% of the subjects use the instruments one to twice a day, and 53.8% of them use them for less than one minute a time. In terms of dental health care, 17.2% of them have a chew of gum and 8.3% of them pay a regular visit to dental clinics and 5.3% of them don't smoke.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.485-497
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• 2003

Grapefruit seed extract has been reported to have antimicrobial effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-gingivitis effect of chewing gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol. 40 healthy subjects with gingivitis or early periodontitis were divided into two groups. Subjects in the experimental group chewed gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol while subjects in the control group chewed gum containing only xylitol. All subjects received scaling and tooth brushing instruction. 1 week after scaling was set as baseline. Gingival index and plaque index were scored at baseline, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week. Bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were scored at baseline, 2 week and 4 week. The number of total bacteria and Streptococcus mutans in unstimulated saliva of experimental group were counted at 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week. Gingival indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 0.850${\pm}$0.298, 0.575${\pm}$0.345, 0.533${\pm}$0.332, 0.459${\pm}$0.311, 0.408${\pm}$0.224 and 0.758${\pm}$0.379, 0.592${\pm}$0.276, 0.563${\pm}$0.281, 0.454${\pm}$0.194, 0.413${\pm}$0.199 (mean${\pm}$SD), respectively. Plaque indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 week. 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 0.497${\pm}$0.500, 0.375${\pm}$0.484, 0.332${\pm}$0.471, 0,286${\pm}$0.452, 0.210${\pm}$0.407 and 0.411${\pm}$0.492, 0.375${\pm}$0.484, 0.354${\pm}$0.479, 0.313${\pm}$0.463, 0.193${\pm}$0.395, respectively. Bleeding indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 0.377${\pm}$0.177, 0.298${\pm}$0.152, 0.192${\pm}$0.108 and 0.383${\pm}$0.124, 0.318${\pm}$0.153, 0.225${\pm}$0.126, respectively. Probing pocket depth of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 2.56${\pm}$1.00, 2.40${\pm}$0.65, 2.23${\pm}$0.64 and 2.45${\pm}$0.682.37${\pm}$0.57, 2.19${\pm}$0.57, respectively. Clinical attachment level of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 2.58${\pm}$1.01, 2.43${\pm}$0.67, 2.26${\pm}$0.65 and 2.49${\pm}$0.70, 2.40${\pm}$0.59, 2.22${\pm}$0.62, respectively. The % of reduction of total bacteria in saliva of experimental group at 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 46 ${\pm}$ 53%, 53 ${\pm}$ 5% and 69 ${\pm}$ 33%. The % of reduction of Streptococcus mutans count in saliva of experimental group at 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 52${\pm}$69%, 88${\pm}$30% and 89${\pm}$17%. From these findings, it can be concluded that regular use of grapefruit seed extract /xylitol chewing gum may be effective to control and prevent gingivitis and may have caries-preventive effect.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.36-49
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• 1973

This study was carried out for the objectives to collect the basic informations on the health behaviors of the elementary school children in an urban area in Korea. Seven hundred students were drawn to fill in the designed questionnaire which carries variety of Questions on health re-lated behaviors in general, eating habits, disease history, mental health, and sex education. Questionnaire were filled in by their parents. Major findings are as follows: ① 55.7% had habits of washing the hands before eating whereas 59.8% trashing their hands after toilet. The others had no idea of washing hands before eating and after toilet. ② 26,5% had habits of brushing the teeth twice a day 54.7% only once in the morning, and 2.6% once only in the evening. Thus, the idea of prevention from decayed teeth seems to be lacking among the school children. ③ Bathing habits were also inquired to get 40.3% of bathing more than once a week, 43.1% once every two weeks, and the rest of 16.6% once every one to three months. ④ 41.7% keep the regular bedding time whereas 58.3% irregular. Physical exercises were con-ducted by 76.6% on the ground while 23.5% did not practice any physical exercises at all. Of those physical exercises, rope skipping occupied 37.5%, and the other 66.9% consisted of 14 different kinds of individual type physical exercises such as gymnastic exercise. The main reasons for not enjoying exercises were different by sex; boys largely complained the inadequacy and lack of gymnastic facilities and girls felt in short of friends who could join the exercises. ⑤ 31.9% of the school children had been taking not much of food while 28.3% had unbalanced diets. Of these unbalanced diets, meat occupied 33.2% to be the priority to have an order of the following items such as vegetables, bread or noodle, and fishes as next to each. For eating habits, 88.5% take simple snack such as bread (38.4%, cookies, fruits, and candies in order. 25.8% of the children were provided such snacks or their parents regularly. Breakfast was sufficiently taken by 45.0% whereas 8.4% had never sufficiently. As to the lunch, 63.6% had sufficiently while 16.8% insufficiently. 70.6% take breakfast with all family members together and 30.4% separately. Correlation of sufficient taking of breakfast and eating together of tile family member's seems to be significant when we compare 72.5% of sufficient takers who enjoy breakfast together with the family members with 55.6% of insufficient takers who enjoy it with the family. This finding allows the investigator to point out the importance of table circumstances for children's eating. ⑥ The most common disease was catching a cold (38.8%), and the second was stomach trouble to be followed by the frequency of car sickness, headache, and skin infection. Doctors are consulted only by 23.9% when they are sick whereas 59.7% resorted to the drug stores. The lower the educational attainment of the parents, the lower the rate of visiting clinics. ⑦ 36.7% of their parents pointed out the problems of personality guidance as the most difficult thing at home 71.3% of their parents worried about and unsatisfied with their children's personality traits. Of these complains of the parents, impatience stood at the top to be tabulated at 24.1%, and 21.1% indicated narrow-mindedness. In line with this primary socialization at home, the most crucial problem seems to be related with the lack or recognition of the parents'own role when we find only 43.1% of the parents understood the importance of their own role for the home education of children; the latter group attributed tile responsibility of personality formation to the children themselves. ⑧ As to the sex educational aspects, 30.9% of children have ever asked about the physiology of reproduction or sexual matters to their parents, of those parents only 17.0% could give the constructive responses to the inquiries of the children. In companies on with these data, 25.6% recognized their own role in sex education for their own children while the large segments of the parents (51.1%) attributed the responsibility of sex education to tile low level of 38.3% who recognized the importance of sex education in the school curriculum and 25.1% of the parents insisted to wait until they get to know naturally about sex. 38.1% of the parents said they had some knowledge on sex from books while 16.9% through mass media. The next groups had common senses of sex from their own parents, school friends and other sources.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to improve the oral health after understanding the usage status of oral health items and to conduct active guidance for prohibition of smoking. The survey of 326 visitors for continuous oral health management in the dentist from April 2nd 2007 to May $20^{th}$ is accomplished. The data is handled from the SPSS 12.0 statistics program and we can get the results like below. 1. The number of people answering the usage of the smooth toothbrush is 64.5% which is higher in smoking peoples than in non-smoking ones (p < 0.001). Non-smoking people 61.4% answering '3 minutes more' per brushing their teeth is higher than smoking respondents. 2. The more used device is the interdental brush by non-smoking people 36.7% than smoking ones and the answer. 3. The percentage answering 'recommendation in the dentist' in the question about the motive using the oral health devices are nearly same in 69.6 % and 67.5% by non-smoking and smoking persons. The most reason not using these devices is 'don't know how to use this' and the number of smoking guys is 38.7% which is higher than that of non-smoking ones(p < 0.05). 4. The percentage of answering 'regular visiting the dentist', the method for oral health management is 28.3% in smoking parts and 35.3% in non-smoking ones which is slightly higher. From this study, the usage and the recognition of oral hygiene devices of the patient with smoking is a little bit lower than those of non-smoking patients and small difference is shown. So public relations of the effects and the necessity of the oral hygiene devices to all people have to be performed and the education and the activity prohibiting smoking are expanded by the dental hygienist based on the understanding of oral health when the patients are smoking or not.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.521-526
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term effect of school-based oral health program on decrease of dental caries among elementary school children. The subjects of this study were total 727 students of one elementary school in Deagu, Korea. They had received school-based oral health programs for more than one year since 2004. This school-based oral health program included regular oral examination, fluoride mouth-rinsing, pit-and-fissure sealing, APF gel application, tooth brushing instruction and take the xylitol tablet after lunch during school days. The subjects' oral health status were examined by two calibrated dentists every year from 2004 to 2009. The DMFS index of $1^{st}$ grade to $6^{th}$ grade experimental and control group was 0.07, 0.39, 0.55, 0.67, 0.81, 1.79 and 0.31, 0.86, 1.07, 1.04, 2.71, 3.08 respectively. It's significantly different in $5^{th}$ grade(p<0.001) and $6^{th}$ grade(p=0.018) when it compare with control group. This study partially showed effect of school-based oral health programs on decrements of dental caries. This program should be expanded widely among elementary school in Korea. Xylitol tablet also recommended to included in school-based oral health programs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.493-502
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health problems among type 2 diabetes patients and suggest basic data for the promotion of their body and oral health by emphasizing the correlation between hemoglobin A1c and subjective oral health status. For 174 patients with type 2 diabetes and who were older than 40 years old, the questionnaire and measurement of hemoglobin A1c were conducted from January 9, 2012 to March 9, 2012. The results of the study were as follows. 1. They tended to be most aware of the following; 'inflammation on the oral mucosa' and 'pain on the oral mucosa' among the symptoms of oral mucosa, 'gum bleeding when brushing teeth' among the symptoms of periodontal disease, and 'feels dry in general' among the symptoms of xerostomia. 2. The patients with longer duration of diabetes showed greater recognition with regards to the symptoms of oral mucosa disease, periodontal disease, and xerostomia (p<0.05). 3. The group with regular meal showed lower level of hemoglobin A1c (p<0.001). 4. The level of hemoglobin A1c was higher in the group that recognized 'burning sensation', 'gum bleeding', 'gum recession' and 'bad breath' (p<0.05) as well as in the group that responded 'get up at night to drink' among the symptoms of xerostomia (p<0.05). Especially the symptoms of periodontal disease were revealed to be a factor that showed the 3rd strongest correlation with hemoglobin A1c.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine relation of oral health awareness, knowledge and behavior in department dental hygiene, health-related majors and health-unrelated majors in attempt to provide basic data of oral health promotion and oral health education. This study were 591 female H university students in Gwangju. The interests of oral health, the recognition of importance for oral health, and recognition of one's own oral health status were highest in dental hygiene students, followed by health-unrelated majors and health-related majors. The level of oral health knowledge by the major was highest in dental hygiene students(9.73), followed by health-related majors(9.14) and health-unrelated majors(9.05). In the oral health behavior by major, students who brushed more than three times a day, used the oral care products and received regular dental examinations within 1 year were the highest in the dental hygiene major, followed by health-related majors and health-unrelated majors. The experience of scaling within 1 year was the highest in the dental hygiene major, followed by health-related majors and health-unrelated majors. The higher the oral health knowledge, increased awareness of oral health concern and the importance of oral health. Also, the higher the degree of interest in oral health, the greater the recognition that oral health is important and the more the oral health condition is perceived as healthy, It was found that the number of brushing increased. In this results, the higher the oral health knowledge, the higher the oral health awareness and the oral health behavior. It is necessary to find ways to develop or utilize various oral health education for university students.