• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.66-82
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• 2003

China shows body size differences owing to varied climates, economic development, living standards, and ethnic distribution from region to region. That's why some regional research regarding body sizes is necessary for the advancement of clothing goods into China. Here, the materials of the Chinese standard "GB/T 1335-1997 Clothing Sizes" are analyzed to reveal the somatotypes of Chinese adults. Height, chest girth and waist girth were differently noticed in six areas. 1. The distribution rates of four body types (Y, A, B, C) were diverse in six regions. 2. Regional differences were seen as follows: 1) As for the height of male adults, areas 1(Northeast, Hwabuk) and 2(Central Western) were larger than the national mean. Areas 3(Gwangdong, Gwangseo, Bokgeon), 4 (Unnam, Gwiju, Sacheon) and 5(Downstream Jang River) were rather small. 2) As for the height of female adults, areas 1, 2 and 6 (Midstream Jang River) were larger than the national mean. Areas 3 and 4 were smaller than the average. 3) As for the bust girth of male adults, area 1 was the only area that exceeded the national mean. Areas 3 and 4 turned out smaller than the average. 4) As for the bust girth of female adults, areas 1, 2 and 6 exceeded the national average. The other three areas were lower. 5) As to the waist girth of adult males, areas 1 and 2 exceeded the national average. The other four areas were lower. 6) As to the waist girth of adult females, areas 1, 2 and 6 exceeded the national average. Areas 4 and 5 were lower. 7) In the height, bust girth and waist girth of male and female adults, most regions showed differences in means, regional distribution and regional rates.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2004

In the first part of this study, five homogeneous regions in view of topographical and geographically homogeneous aspects except Jeju and Ulreung islands in Korea were accomplished by K-means clustering method. A total of 57 rain gauges were used for the regional frequency analysis with minimum rainfall series for the consecutive durations. Generalized Extreme Value distribution was confirmed as an optimal one among applied distributions. Drought rainfalls following the return periods were estimated by at-site and regional frequency analysis using L-moments method. It was confirmed that the design drought rainfalls estimated by the regional frequency analysis were shown to be more appropriate than those by the at-site frequency analysis. In the second part of this study, LH-moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on the Gumbel (GUM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic (GLO) and Generalized Pareto (GPA) distributions were accomplished to get optimal probability distribution. Design drought rainfalls were estimated by both at-site and regional frequency analysis using LH-moments and GEV distribution, which was confirmed as an optimal one among applied distributions. Design rainfalls were estimated by at-site and regional frequency analysis using LH-moments, the observed and simulated data resulted from Monte Carlotechniques. Design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments (LH-moments) method have shown higher reliability than those of at-site frequency analysis in view of RRMSE (Relative Root-Mean-Square Error), RBIAS (Relative Bias) and RR (Relative Reduction) for the estimated design drought rainfalls. Relative efficiency were calculated for the judgment of relative merits and demerits for the design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments and L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments applied in the first report and second report of this study, respectively. Consequently, design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments were shown as more reliable than those using LH-moments. Finally, design drought rainfalls for the classified five homogeneous regions following the various consecutive durations were derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments, which was confirmed as a more reliable method through this study. Maps for the design drought rainfalls for the classified five homogeneous regions following the various consecutive durations were accomplished by the method of inverse distance weight and Arc-View, which is one of GIS techniques.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2018

This study aims is to explore of the theoretical concepts of regional imbalances and spatial inequality, analysis of spatial distribution of economic growth and identifying of "growth poles" for sustainable development in the regions of Kazakhstan. Based on the theoretical views, we conclude that the key direction of regional policy is the search and development of "growth poles", which will distribute their potential equally to backward regions. The authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of spatial distribution and inequality of the regions of Kazakhstan. This study confirms the importance of using of proposed methods and its application for objectively and realistically defines "growth poles" for sustainable development. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of Kazakhstan's regions by economic growth and specialization with using modified index of KDI. According to the results of this theoretical and empirical study proved that distribution of the regions of Kazakhstan and results of KDI indexes shows that the spatial differentiation of economic development, but its level and dynamics are different in different respects. In addition, according to the conducted survey, we conclude that one of the most important tasks is sustainable growth based on "growth poles" for sustainable development.

• 지역연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-60
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• 1995

The distribution of economic activity over a mutually exclusive and exhaustive categorical industry-region matrix is modeled as a composition of two random components: the probability-like share distribution of jobs and the dynamic evolution of absolute aggregates. The former describes the individual activity location choice by comparing the predicted profitability of the current industry-region pair against that of all other alternatives based on the available information on industry-specific, region specific, or activity specific attributes. The latter describes the time evolution of macro-level aggregates using a dynamic reduced from model. With the seperation of micro choice behavior and macro dynamic aggregate constraint, the usual independence and identicality assumptions become consistent with the activity share distribution, hence multi-regional industrial migration can be represented by a set of probability evolution equations in a conservative Markovian from. We call this a Micro-Macro Composition Approach since the product of the aggregate prediction and the predicted activity share distribution gives the predicted activity distribution gives the predicted activity distribution which explicitly considers the underlying individual choice behavior. The model can be applied to interesting practical problems such as the plant location choice of multinational enterprise, the government industrial ploicy to attract international firms, and the optimal tax-transfer mix to influence activity location choice. We consider the latter as an example.

• 지역연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1998

In this paper, the authors studied a comprehensive study of national physical distribution costs used here was originally developed by J. L. Heskett(1962) and modified in Korean context by Oh-Kyung Kwon(1997). Using this method the authors calculated national physical distribution costs in Korea from 1984 to 1996. Unlke the major industrialized countries, national physical distribution costs in Korea showed continuous increasing trend in every senses. Using this time series data on physical distribution costs, we analysis the inefficiencies in the physical distribution and figured out the sources of these inefficiencies. The major sources of increasing physical distribution costs in Korea were (1) increasing traffic congestion measured by number of automobiles per road-kilometer, (2) increasing real wages, and (3) high interest rates. Especially, alternatives adopted by firms facing increasing traffic congestion were buying more vehicles, which in turn caused more serious congestion ever. This inefficient cycle in physical distribution area should be cut somehow in order to restore national competitiveness of Korean frims by reducing physical distributins costs.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제21권B호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2001

Distribution System is considered as the most important part of SCM when the satisfaction of customer demand is considered. This paper focus on the backorder policies for stockout which is occurred in each regional distribution center of two-echelon distribution system facing stochastic demand process. Four concepts for the efficient system operation are suggested. First, at least 30% reduction of stockout is achieved by introduction of 50/25 allocation policy to distribution system. Second, transportation cost and lead-time of backorder are decreased by allowance of internal supply between regional distribution centers. Third, the frequency of emergency supply is minimized by application of Ship-up-to- expected-demand backorder policies. Finally we suggest several effective rules to select multi-internal suppliers. Simulation tests show the efficiency of our backorder policies and enhancement of customer service level.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 강원도내 정확한 극치강수분포를 파악하여 최근 증가하고 있는 재해를 예방하고자 지역빈도해석 방법을 이용하여 산정한 확률강수량과 공간분석을 통하여 강원도의 강수분포를 분석하였다. 강수자료는 강원도내 기상청 관할의 66개 관측소의 자료를 사용하였다. 지역빈도해석결과 GLO 분포형이 강원도에 가장 적합한 분포형으로 나타났다. 강수분포를 지속기간별로 분석한 결과 지속기간이 증가할수록 설악동, 대관령 및 청일 일원에서 높은 확률강수량을 나타내었으며, 지속기간에 따라서 강수의 공간분포가 확연히 변화됨을 확인하였다. 또한 재현기간별로 분석한 결과 재현기간이 길어질수록 지역별 강수 특성이 강하게 나타났다. 강원도 강수분포를 공간분석한 결과 영동지방에서는 일관적으로 높은 강수량이 발생하였으나 영서지방에서는 지속기간 및 재현기간에 따라 다양한 분포를 나타내었다. 따라서 지역별 강수량의 보다 정확한 예측을 위해서는 지역빈도해석 이외에 다양한 지리 및 기상조건을 고려할 수 있는 모형에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate existing world economic science theories and concepts of sustainable development as well as create original system of criteria and indicators to assess potential and conditions for sustainable development from a regional perspective and based on the above justify proposals for public authorities to improve methods of economic regulation for regional development. To achieve the goal evolution process of existing theories and concepts of sustainable development and "green growth" have been studied in terms of its adaptation to the spatial development of Kazakhstan, comparative dynamics of natural resources consumption in the Asia-Pacific region and Kazakhstan were investigated as well. Methodology. World best theory and practice methods for assessment of the level of sustainable development of the country and some of its territories were also studied. We selected the best system of criteria and indicators for assessment of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems. Methods offered in this article are based on traditional and new factors of economic development and conditions for operation of regional systems. Indicators are chosen with a glance to basic goals for future development of regions in Kazakhstan. It is recommended to use two levels of methodology offered by author, namely national and regional, and at the local level later (districts, municipalities, cities). The results. Method offered by the author has been tested based on materials and statistics of regions in Kazakhstan. Suitability and usability of the proposed system of criteria and indicators for measuring of economic, social and environmental sustainability of regional systems was proved. Based on this analysis it was found out that there are regions in Kazakhstan that differ from each other by most of key indicators of sustainable regional development and this tendency is increasing. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of this analysis, the authors have substantiated a number of proposals on methods of analysis to be used, improvement of methods of regional development, implementation of institutional reforms, as well as improvement of regional statistics. This article provides recommendations that can be successfully used in the management practices by public authorities to implement a new regional strategy focused on sustainable development in future.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to set desirable directions for Korea's egg industry by comparing and analyzing the egg distribution structure and policies between Korea and other countries. Research design, data and methodology: We analyzed the current state of egg distribution in Korea, and based on this analysis, we derived problems. In addition, by comprehensively analyzing the egg distribution structure and policy issues in the US, EU, and Japan. Results: As a result of the analysis of the egg distribution status and policy in the country to be analyzed, it was found that for the development of the egg industry in Korea, it is necessary to unify the distribution system for transparent and stable management of the egg distribution process. It was found that detailed and clear information creation and management of egg production and distribution processes were required. Conclusions: We need to establish a regional egg distribution facility base and stipulate that eggs produced in Korea must be compulsorily traded through the regional facility base. Seemingly, scaling-up of the industry is the priority, but the government is promoting various policies to expand small and medium-sized egg joint markets, with limitations in improving the problems of the existing egg distribution structure.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.735-743
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• 2012

Since the CBD(Conservation on Biological Diversity)'s 10th Conference of the Parties adopted the protocol on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing in Nagoya 2010, the importance of endangered species studies such as habitat distribution, protection and management have been more emerged. Corylopsis coreana, an endangered species in Korea, was isolated nationally and has been damaged by anthropogenic factors. In this paper, we identified the factors affecting C. coreana habitat at the national scale and regional scale using National Survey of Natural Environment and predicted the distribution of C. coreana. Annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest quarter, temperature seasonality and Digital Elevation Model(DEM) were derived as important factors at the national scale, and precipitation of wettest quarter, DEM and solar radiation on spring were identified as important factors at regional scale. Colylopsis distribution was affected by an effect of climate significantly at the national scale, and by additionally the microclimate and topography at regional scale. These findings will be used as the basis on habitat conservation and restoration plan and climate change.