• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.73-90
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• 2003

In the Republic of Korea, mathematics has always been a major blame for huge private expenditures on so-called "private education," which consists of private tutoring and lessons at "private academies of extra curricula." The private spending on out-of-school education often exceeded public expenditures on schools. In 1997, South Korean Ministry of Education reformed curriculum of mathematics along with other subjects to ease the burden of private education. The aim of this curriculum change was to put a boost on individual students' interests, affections and other attributes toward school mathematics. The essential distinctiveness of the new curriculum of mathematics compared with the previous one is as follows: 1. The implementation of so-called "differentiated curriculum" for grades 1-10. 2. 30% reduction of contents in mathematics and the reconciliation of contents. 3. Elective subjects for mathematics for grades 11 and 12. 4. More uses of technology in mathematics teaching. Firstly, we examine the background of the curriculum reform and analyze the new curriculum according to awareness of educational administrators, teaching environments of schools and readiness of mathematics teachers. Then we find out what kinds of problems it has and look for some suggestions for remedies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.310-314
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• 2022

Digitalization affects not only the content of education, but also its organization. These processes have ambiguous implications for the positioning of both universities and teaching staff. The necessary competencies are often acquired outside the walls of educational institutions, because educational programs often do not keep pace with the dynamics of technology. The teacher turns from a bearer of transmitted knowledge and skills into a navigator that helps to navigate the knowledge bases. All these issues are especially acute in relation to the reform of the higher education system in the context of pandemic consequences. The article examines and analyzes the features of the transformation of higher education in the context of a pandemic that faced the world in 2020. It has been proved that the processes of changes and transformations that the higher education system is going through both in an individual country and throughout the world should be defined as transformation, not modernization, reform or transformation.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2004

Two project-centered secondary school programs were studied as part of an effort to elucidate successful components for science reform-based curriculum development. The Teachers for Exciting Science (TES), and Foundational Approaches in Science Teaching (FAST) programs in Korea and U.S., respectively, are project-centered programs because their curricula are centered on the activities initiated and engaged in by the students. Students serve as principal investigators in their projects, and teachers serve as guides. Both programs were analyzed based on criteria such as curriculum design, teaching, lives of students, lives of teachers, evaluation of program, from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). In the programs, teachers and students directed the development of curricula and their implementation. Students assumed teacher roles as mentors of other students. And emphasis was on development of communication skills through student-delivered talks and written papers, and professional development of teachers as educators and scientists. Participation in TES stimulated secondary school student interest in science, encouraged inquiry thinking, increased achievement in learning science, and promoted better awareness of science related to real life. FAST students practice laboratory and field techniques, experimental design, hypothesis formation, generalization, and practical implications of research as academic and applied disciplinarians. These project-centered programs have been successfully implemented in field, lab, and classroom curricula for secondary science education. Comparison of these programs will provide an opportunity for identifying key elements instrumental in successful implementation of guidelines for science education, as measured through successful outcomes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.855-865
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 학습자의 핵심역량 개발을 위한 과학과 수업방법을 탐구하는 것이다. OECD의 DeSeCo 프로젝트를 계기로 핵심역량은 '학생들이 향후 사회적 삶을 성공적으로 살아가기 위해 필요로 하는 능력'으로 재정립됨으로써 여러 나라에서 '역량기반 교육과정'이 강조되기에 이르렀다. 본 연구에서는 국외의 역량기반 교육과정 선도국과 국내의 외국인학교 및 국제중학교를 방문하여 관계 전문가들을 대상으로 교과교육 혁신 사례를 수집하고 분석하였다. 역량기반 교육과정을 구현하는 국외 사례수집과 더불어, 각 사례별로 교사 및 학교장을 대상으로 심층면담을 통해 학습자의 핵심역량 제고를 위해 요청되는 과학과 수업 개선 방안을 탐색하였다. 외국 사례에서는 학습자의 핵심역량 개발을 위해 과학 수업에서 핵심역량 측면에서 학생들에게 무엇이 기대되는지를 알게 하는 것이 중요하며, 활동과 학생중심 학습을 강조하고, 교과내용 중심의 기존 교육과정에 비해 수업에서 학생들 간의 집단 활동이나 협력을 중시하며, 교과 간 또는 과학영역 간 통합수업이 강조됨을 알 수 있었다. 한국의 과학교사들은 핵심역량은 결국 수업방법을 통해 구현되어야 하며, 과학적 사고력을 길러줄 수 있는 탐구경험을 제공하고, 실제 세계와의 연계를 강조하며, 핵심역량을 체험할 수 있도록 다양한 경험을 제공하고, 교과 간 통합수업을 활용해야 한다고 주장하였다. 결론 부분에서는 과학과 교육과정이나 수업에 핵심역량을 통합할 경우 예상되는 어려움이나 문제점을 살펴보고, 그 해결방안을 제언하였다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the way applying a school garden for the creative experience activity on the school learning program. For this study, the 27s elementary students who were the 5th and 6th grades participated in this program. And the 10units lessons programs what were consisted with the inquiry, debating, and cooperating activities were developed, and applying to classroom and school garden. The key concepts of developing program were 'rocks which were in the school garden'. he results are follows, for the creative experience activity on the school teaching/learning program, the school garden has useful value as teaching/learning field. The teaching/learning activity applying the school garden makes an offer the awareness to students that the knowledges learned in school were actually relative with their life. Also, the students are affirmatively participate to learning, debate, and cooperate activities because the school garden is very familiar environment to them. Lastly, the students are interesting in learning classes because they think that the school garden environments will reform actually to new shape of their ideas. After this learning were finishing, most of students indicated their intention with satisfaction. Some of them suggested applying the additional program using the school garden. Consequently, the school garden has the very useful value for applying program of the teaching/learning in elementary school education.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.406-418
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• 2015

본 연구는 현 과학교육의 개혁 운동에 기초하여 예비 교사들의 자기 효능감과 교과교육지식(PCK) 이해의 향상을 위하여 과학적 탐구를 실행하였다. 이를 위하여 과학교육 방법론 수업(Science Method Course)은 초등학교 교실에서 실행할 수 있는 효과적인 과학 탐구 모델링 수업과 과학적 실천 교수학습을 포함하도록 수정하였다(RSMC). 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 연구 문제를 조사하였다: (1) 수정된 과학교육 방법론 수업(RSMC)의 처치 전후 예비교사들의 PCK 정도는 어떠한가?: (2) RSMC 이수 후 과학 교수학습에서 예비교사들의 자기 효능감의 정도는 어떻게 변화하였는가?: (3) 예비교사들의 자기 효능감과 PCK 수준의 변화는 어떤 상관관계가 있는가? 연구에 참여한 예비교사들은 미국 중부의 중간정도 규모의 대학의 교사교육 과정에서 제공하는 과학교육 방법론 수업에 등록한 76명이며, 분석을 위해서 STEBI-B 설문지와 PCK 평가지를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과로는 예비교사들이 RSMC 이수 후 개인적 과학교수 효능감(PSTE: Personal Science Teaching Efficacy)이 확실히 향상된 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 또한 PCK 평가지에 근거하면, RSMC 전과 후의 PCK 수준은 평균값이 현저히 상승하였으며, 예비 교사들의 자기 효능감과 PCK 수준의 변화 사이의 상관관계 분석에서는 긍정적인 상관관계를 보여주었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 과학교육개혁 운동에 근거하여 설계된 과학교육방법론 수업(RSMC)은 예비 교사들의 오개념의 수정, PCK 수준의 향상 증진, 그리고 현장 학교에서 탐구수업의 모델링 등을 통하여 과학교수학습에서 자기 효능감의 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 결론 내릴 수 있다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2001

One of the most fundamental problems in education in Korea up to yet is that teaching-learning activities in the classroom are carried out without considering each student\\`s interest, ability aptitude and other attributes. In 1995, National committee on Educational Reform of Korea recommended big changes on various aspects of the education system of the nation. In 1997, just before so-called the \\\"International Monetary Fund (IMF) crisis \\\" in Korea, Ministry of Education announced the seventh amendment of national curriculum. The foundation of new national curriculum is the implementation of a \\\"differentiated\\\" curriculum. Also, the new curriculum strongly suggests \\\"performance assessment\\\", which was introduced to the nation in mid 1990\\`s. However, most mathematics teachers have reluctant to both new curriculum and performance assessment.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-62
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• 2001

This study examined the qualities of an effective teacher needed to accomplish educational reform successfully and prepare for a rapidly changing knowledge-based society. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following specific questions were looked into; (1) knowledge, skills, attitude of an effective teacher. (2) a proposal for staff development programs to improve the effectiveness of teachers. (3) a proposal to support teachers' efforts to improve their effectiveness. (4) the factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers' effectiveness. In this study, 'in-depth interview' was used for data collection because the study deals with the "subjective consciousness" of teachers, and qualitative research methods are useful to such a case. The research was done on teachers from secondary schools in Pusan City. According to the teachers interviewed, an effective teacher needed in the new age has such knowledge, skills, and attitude as; (1) knowledge in their major, general culture and common sense, psychology of educational counselling, social science, and knowledge and information related to curriculum. (2) effective instruction skills, skills to guide student behavior, skills related to administrative clerical work, using the computers, extra curriculum activities, educational evaluation, using teaching materials, developing educational programs, and good communication skills. (3) attitude relevant to willingness to understand and converse with students at their cognitive level, positive expectations and concern toward students, democratic problem solving, continuous self-study and development, thoroughgoing mission and professionalism, will for educational reform and innovation, neat appearance and refined language, and successful interpersonal relationships. The teachers also said that the current staff development system, as a program to provide necessary qualities for teachers, has improved in the last 3 years through diverse curriculum and systematic programs. However, due to the problematic promotion system, the staff development program has turned into just a 'point collecting' game from the role of in-service training program; teachers take training courses as the means just collecting points for promotion purpose. Factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers are (1) overload of formal paperwork over emphasizing outcome, (2) mannerism of teachers not perceiving their lack of professionalism, (3) the general attitude in the teaching profession resisting change and reform, (4) supervisory activities lacking rigid regulation, (5) research just as the means of point-collection only for promotion, and (6) staff development programs lacking efficiency. These factors, interacting each other, inhibited the improvement of teachers.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

오늘날 세계적으로 영향력을 미치고 있는 21세기 과학 교육과정 개혁의 두 논리는 핵심 역량 및 과학적 소양이라고 할 수 있다. 그런데 양자 간의 관계는 아직 면밀히 규명되지 않고 모호하게 남아 있으며, 이로 인하여 국가 교육과정 총론 수준의 혁신적 교육과정 구성 논리와 과학 교과의 고유한 교육과정 구성 논리가 조화되는 데 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 21세기 과학 교육과정 개혁 논리로서의 과학적 소양 및 핵심 역량 담론을 비교하여, 향후 과학 교육과정 개정에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 문헌 연구 방법을 취하였다. 이에 과학적 소양 및 핵심 역량 담론들을 구성해온 주요 연구 문헌들과 정책 보고서들을 두루 참조하였다. II장에서는 먼저 과학적 소양 및 핵심 역량 담론들이 영향력을 발휘하게 된 역사적 경로를 돌아본다. 이 과정에서 2000년대 초반부터 각 담론의 전개양상을 모양지운 OECD의 역할에 주목할 것이다. 그리고 국내에서 해당 담론들이 어떻게 수용되어왔는가 또한 살펴본다. III장과 IV장에서는 과학적 소양과 핵심 역량 담론의 교차를 살펴본다. III장에서는 양자 모두가 학생 위기 레토릭에 힘입어 성장하였다는 점, 개인 차원, 공동체 차원, 지구적 차원을 고려하는 다층적 의미를 지닌다는 점, 교과 내용 조직 및 학습 방법의 논리가 유사하다는 점, 고부담 평가가 교육과정 개혁을 촉구한다는 점이 제시된다. IV장에서는 과학적 소양과 핵심 역량 담론 각각이 과학 교육과정 개혁에 대하여 제공할 수 있는 차별화된 강점과 함께 약점 역시 비교한다. V장에서는 후기 Wittgenstein 및 Kuhn의 관점에서, 과학적 소양과 핵심 역량을 21세기 과학 교육과정 개혁 논리로서의 가족유사성을 지니는 언어로 이해할 수 있다고 제안한다. 이를 통해 우리나라 국가 교육과정 개발에서 반복되곤 하는 '총론과 각론의 괴리' 문제를 해소할 이론적 실마리와 함께, 2022 개정 교육과정을 비롯한 향후 과학 교육과정 담론이 위기 레토릭을 넘어 희망적인 목소리를 담아야 함을 제안한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.162-177
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• 2011

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the 'structure' of an elementary school teacher's practical knowledge concerning science experiment lessons. A female elementary teacher in the early career years participated in the study, and video recordings of her science experiment lessons as well as audio-taped interviews with her were analyzed by means of Elbaz's framework. The teacher expressed six images of science experiment lessons: 'Science is difficult', 'Experiments are dangerous', 'Experiments are accurate', 'A science experiment takes a long time', 'Science experiments are interesting', and 'Children are little scientists.' These images were supported by several principles and rules, most of which were clearly described. Among the images, principles, and rules, there were complex relationships with some working in synergy and some conflicting. In case of the image 'Children are little scientists', its subordinate principles and rules were not fully realized in the classroom. Implications for science teaching reform and science education research were discussed.