• 대한본초학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2020

Objective : Reflux esophagitis is a disease caused by the reflux of gastric acid and inflammation due to unstable gastroesophageal sphincter. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of Phellodendri Cortex (PC) on chronic reflux esophagitis (CRE) in rats. Methods : The anti-oxidant activity of PC was measured by total polyphenol, total flavonoid contents, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2, 2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-enzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. A CRE was established surgically in SD rats. And then CRE rats were treated with water or PC 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. Besides, the anti-oxidant and inflammatory protein levels were evaluated using western blotting. Results : PC reduced esophagus tissues injury. The total polyphenol (36.05 ± 0.25 mg/g) and total flavonoid (72.90 ± 0.61 mg/g) of PC showed a high content. PC strongly reduced radical scavenging activities (DPPH IC₅₀ 43.58 ± 1.54 ㎍/㎖; ABTS IC₅₀ 36.75 ± 0.35 ㎍/㎖). Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) levels in serum, the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) were significantly reduced. In addition, the protein expression of NADPH oxidases related to oxidative stress were significantly reduced in PC compared to CRE control. PC effectively reduced inflammatory factors including, TNF-α, and IL-6 via NF-κBp65 inactivation through the inhibition of p-IκBα and increased anti-oxidant enzyme such as HO-1, SOD, catalase, and GPx-1/2 via Nrf2 activation. Conclusions : Taken together, these results show that PC can alleviate the esophageal mucosal ulcer though the inhibition of NF-κB inflammatory and the enhancement of Nrf2 anti-oxidant pathway.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe and compare the effects of Pinellia ternata, Zingiber officinale and Sobanhatang on the reflux esophagitis induced by gastric fundus and pylorus ligation in mice with esomeprazole. Methods: Antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity at four different concentration of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and $1.0mg/102{\mu}{\ell}$. Zingiber officinale water extract(ZE), Pinellia ternata water extract(PE) and Sobanhatang water extract(SBE) and esomeprazole were treated orally for 14 days before gatric fundus and pylorus ligation. In the histochemistry, changes in suface mucous cells, muscle tissue and connective tissue in gastro esophageal junction(GEJ) and mast cell on the esophageal mucosa were observed. The change of Hemo oxygenase(HO)-1, ghrelin, gastrin and substance P in gastric body tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results: DPPH radical scavenging activity exhibited concentration dependently increases in ZE, PE, SBE. ZE was significantly higher at all concentrations than PE. The gastric surface mucous cells were more in the treated group than in the reflux esophagitis elicited group(GE) in the order of PE, SBE, ZE and esomeprazole treateded group(PT, SBT, ZT, ET). Lower esophageal sphincter muscle damage and intercellular space in the GEJ were less in the treated group than GE. In the esophageal mucosa, the mast cell distribution and the migration of inflammatory cells were lower in the treateded troup than GE in order to ZT, SBT, PT and ET. The antioxidative enzyme, HO-1 was more in the order of ZT, SBT, control group, PT, ET than in GE. ZT was significantly higher than the other groups and SBT was significantly higher than ET. Ghrelin was found to be higher in ZT, ET, SBT and PT than in GE, and ZT was significantly higher than all other groups except ET. Gastrin showed the highest positivity in GE, and was lower in the order of ET, ZT, SBT, PT, and control group. Substance P was the highest in GE, and was lower in the order of ET, ZT, SBT, PT and control group, and PT were significantly lower than ET. Conclusion: ZT, PT and SBT showed superior antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and mucosal protective effects on mouse reflux esophagitis as compared with ET. In particular, ZE was more effective in antioxidant and gastric motility enhancement, while PE was more effective in mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. Sobanhatang is expected to be effective treatment because it has advantages of both drugs and reduces toxicity.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2004

목적: 최근 자동단단문합기를 이용한 위전절제술의 비율이 높아가고 있으나 술 후 식도공장문합부 협착의 발생을 현저히 감소시키지는 않는 것으로 보고 되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 자동단단문합기 사용과 식도공장문합부 협착 발생의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시작하였다. 방법: 1998년 9월부터 2000년 12월까지 만 2년 3개월 동안 인제의대 서울 백병원 한국위암센터에서 자동단단문합기를 사용하여 위전절제술을 시행 받은 환자 228예를 대상으로 연령 및 성별, 수술방법, 자동 단단 문합기의 지경과 그에 따른 수술 후 협착의 발생여부, 그리고 역류성 식도엽의 동반여부를 조사하였다. 결과: 전체 228예의 환자의 연령은 60대가 64예로 가장 많았고 다음으로 50대와 40대 순이었다. 남녀성비는 2.3:1로 남자에서 많았다. 문합부 협착이 있었던 32예 모두는 looptlr 문합술을 시행한 경우에 발생하였고 Roux-en-Y 문합술을 사용한 경우에는 발생하지 않았다. 전체 228예 중 32예($14\%$)서 협착이 발생하였으며 자동단단문합기 25mm에서는 69예 중 11예($15.9\%$), 28 mm에서는 159예 중 21예($13.2\%$)에서 발생하여 두 군간 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다(P>0.05). 역류성 식도염은 228예 중 56예에서 발생하였으며, 이 중 7예($12.5\%$)에서 협착이 발생하였고, 역류성 식도염이 없었던 172예 중 25예($14.5\%$)에서 협착이 발생해, 두 군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 협착의 발생시기는 6개월까지 16예, 이중 역류성 식도염이 동반된 경우는 4예($25\%$)이었으며 7개월에서 18개월까지는 14예, 역류성 식도염이 동반된 경우는 3예($21.4\%$), 19개월 이후에는 2예가 발생하여 위-식도 문합부 협착과 발생시기 또는 역류성 식도염과는 상관관계가 없었다(P>0.05). 결론: 위전절제술후에 발생하는 식도공장문합부 협착의 발생은 식도공장문합술식, 자동단단문합기의 크기, 그리고 역류성 식고염과는 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났고, 식도 공장문합부는 협착을 예방하거나 감소시키기 위해서 저자들은 적절한 크기의 자동단단문합기를 사용하여 문합부 긴장의 감소와 충분한 혈류의 공급을 유도하는 것이 중요하다고 생각한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2009

The object of this study was to observe the protective effects of Yijin-tang-gamibang (YJGMB), Yijin-tang has been traditionally used as Korean medicine for treating various digestive diseases. The study showed that it is effective on reflux esophagitis induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation in rats. Three different dosages of Yijin-tang-gamibang extracts, 300, 150 and 75 mg/kg, were once orally administered 1 hour before pylorus ligation. 6 groups, each of 8 rats per group were used in the present study. The results were compared with Omeprazole, antioxidant and proton pump inhibitor, 30 mg/kg treated group. Yijin-tang-gamibang extracts 300 mg/kg were showed similar or slightly lower effects as compared with 30 mg/kg of omeprazole in the present study. Detail mechanism studies should be conduced in future with the efficacy tests of individual herbal composition of Yijin-tang-gamibang and the screening of the biological active compounds in herbs.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2013

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the protective effects of 8 types of individual herbal components of Yijintang-gamibang, on the reflux esophagitis (RE) in rats as compared with omeprazole. Methods : Each 100 mg/kg individual herbal component was orally pretreated, at 1 hr before and 6 hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, the changes on the esophageal lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal total hexose and sialic acid contents were observed with changes on the esophageal histopathology. The results were compared with an omeprazole 10 mg/kg treated group. Results : Pylorus and forestomach ligation-induced RE were inhibited by treatment of all 8 herbal components and omeprazole except for Pinella Rhizoma and Massa Meicata Fermentata, in order of Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, omeprazole, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Hordei Fructus Germiniatus, Holelen and Citri Pericarpium, as compared with RE control. Pinella Rhizoma and Massa Meicata Fermentata did not show any favorable protective effects against RE nor antioxidant effects in the present study. Conclusions : The main active herbal components showing favorable protective effects on RE of Yijintang-gamibang mediated by antioxidant effects, were Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Hordei Fructus Germiniatus, Holelen and Citri Pericarpium. Furthermore Atractylodis Rhizoma and Citri Pericarpium showed more favorable protective effects as compared with omeprazole, therefore, it is expected that Atractylodis Rhizoma and Citri Pericarpium have potential as new alternatives or safe therapeutics against RE.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.64-81
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• 2010

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the suppressive effects of Yijintang-gamibang (YJGMB), Yijintang being traditionally used in the Korean Medicine for treating various digestive diseases, on the rat reflux esophagitis (RE) as compared with omeprazole, a well-known proton pump inhibitor. Methods: Three different dosages of YJGMB, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, were orally pretreated once a day for 28 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Seven groups of 8 rats each were used in the study. Six hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, invasive lesion percentages, fundic mucosa, esophageal submucosa and total thicknesses were measured by histomorphometry. The results were compared with omeprazole 10 and 30 mg/kg treated groups in which the effects on RE were already confirmed. Results: As results of pylorus and forestomach ligation, marked increases of esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid outputs, pepsin outputs were observed with histopathological changes of RE, such as hemorrhages, ulcerative lesions and edematous changes on the esophageal and fundic mucosa. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of YJGMB. YJGMB 50 mg/kg showed similar suppressive effects as 30 mg/kg of omeprazole, but more favorable effects were observed as compared with omeprazole 10 mg/kg. Conclusion: The results suggest that YJGMB showed favorable suppressive effects on the RE induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation. It is therefore expected that YJGMB will show favorable effects on RE as corresponds to the suggestion of traditional Korean medicine. However, more detailed mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active chemical compounds in herbs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2010

The object of this study was to observe the protective effects of Yijin-tang-gamibang (YJGMB), Yijin-tang has been traditionally used in the Korean Medicine for treating various digestive diseases. The study showed that it is effective on reflux esophagitis induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation in rats. Three different dosages of YJGMB extracts, 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg, were orally pretreated, once a day for 28 days before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Seven groups, each of 8 rats per group were used in the present study. The results were compared with omeprazole, antioxidant and proton pump inhibitor, 30 and 10 mg/kg treated group. YJGMB 200 mg/kg were showed similar protective effects as compared with 30 mg/kg of omeprazole but more favorable effects were observed in 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg of all YJGMB treated rats as compared with omeprazole 10 mg/kg in the present study. In addition, YJGMB 200 mg/kg were showed more favorable antioxidant effects as compared with 30 mg/kg of omeprazole in the present study. Detail mechanism studies should be conduced in future with the screening of the biological active chemical compounds in herbs.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

Objectives： This study is experimental comparison of brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) on upper gastrointestinal diseases animal models.Methods： The ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups of six animals each (Normal mice, gastritis mice, gastritis mice treated with BR, gastritis mice treated with 48h GBR). Gastritis was induced by administration of 0.5 mL 150 mM HCl-60% ethanol. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups after 1 week adaptation. (Normal rat, reflux esophagitis (RE) rat, RE rat treated with BR, RE rat treated with 24,30,36,48h GBR). Reflux esophagitis was induced by ligation with a 2-0 silk thread both the pylorus and the transitional junction between the forestomach and the corpus in SD rats.Results： HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of 48h GBR than BR. Optical changes such as hyperemia and multiple erosions were observed in the rats with RE and damage to the normal rats was not apparent. The oral administration of GBR significantly diminished against gross mucosal damage in a germination time-dependent manner. Also, the administration of GBR suppressed the biomarker of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in serum. However, the administration of GBR could not affect to the pH level secreted from stomach when compared with Control group.Conclusions： These findings suggest that GBR could have improving effects on upper gastrointestinal diseases in a germination time-dependent manner.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2021

본 결과를 통해, 왕우렁이 추출물의 역류성 식도염 모델에서 위 내용물의 역류로 인한 조직손상에 대한 보호효과를 확인하였다. 식도 점막의 육안 소견과 조직병리학적 분석 결과 점막의 괴사, 염증세포의 침윤 등의 증상이 완화됨을 확인하였으며, 상피조직의 tight junction을 보호하여 위산과 펩신으로부터 점막을 보호하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 왕우렁이 추출물의 식도 보호효과는 NF-κB 기전의 조절을 통해 점막의 염증반응을 억제하여 나타나는 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과를 종합하였을 때, 왕우렁이 추출물이 역류성 식도염 완화를 위한 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 가지는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1245-1254
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and symptoms of patients with reflux esophagitis (RE) visiting a Korean medicine hospital. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with an RE diagnosis who visited a Korean medicine hospital from June 15, 2020, to April 15, 2021. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and the results of a symptoms questionnaire. Results: Our sample included 1,151 patients (711 females). The median age was 58 years; the most common age bracket was 60-69 years. A total of 837 patients (72.7%) presented with symptoms lasting more than one year, and 1,035 (89.9%) had been prescribed medications for more than three months before visiting a Korean medicine hospital. Belching (77.6%) and acid regurgitation (70.9%) were the most frequent symptoms, followed by epigastric pain (61.6%) and throat globus (58.5%). Throat globus was the most bothersome symptom, and 72.4% of the patients experienced the symptom on more than five days in the preceding two weeks. Patients with a longer symptom duration were older (p<0.01) and more likely to be overweight (p=0.03). Patients experiencing symptoms for more than five years were more likely to report throat globus (p=0.02), hoarseness (p<0.01), and coughing (p<0.01). Conclusions: Most RE patients visiting a Korean medicine hospital were females in their sixties with chronic and refractory RE. Atypical symptoms (belching, epigastric pain, and throat globus) were common. Throat globus was highly prevalent in severe cases, suggesting that it warrants attention when treating RE patients.