• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.613-632
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• 2009

The present paper is concerned with the design of a proper patch actuator network in order to track a desired displacement of the sidewalls of a one-storey frame structure; both, for the static and the dynamic case. Weights for each patch of the actuator network found in our previous work were based on beam theory; in the present paper a refinement of these weights by modeling the sidewalls of the frame structure as thin plates is presented. For the sake of calculating the refined weights approximate solutions of the plate equations are calculated by an extended Galerkin method. The solutions based on the analytical plate model are compared with three-dimensional Finite Element results computed in the commercially available code ANSYS. The patch actuator network is put into practice by means of four piezoelectric patches attached to each of the two sidewalls of the frame structures, to which electric voltages proportional to the analytically refined patch weights are applied. Analytical and numerical results coincide very well over a broad frequency range.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2019

Semi-rigid joints have been widely studied in literature in recent decades because they affect greatly the structural response of frames. In literature, the behavior of semi-rigid joints is commonly assumed to be identical under positive and negative moments which are obviously incorrect in many cases where joint details such as bolt arrangement or placement of haunch are vertically asymmetrical. This paper evaluates two common types of steel frames with asymmetrical beam-to-column joints by Direct Analysis allowing for plasticity. A refined design method of steel frames using a proposed simple forth order curved-quartic element with an integrated joint model allowing for asymmetrical geometric joint properties is presented. Furthermore, the ultimate behavior of six types of asymmetrical end-plate connections under positive and negative moment is examined by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM results are further applied to the proposed design method with the curved-quartic element for Direct Analysis of two types of steel frames under dominant gravity or wind load. The ultimate frame behavior under the two different scenarios are examined with respect to their failure modes and considerably different structural performances of the frames were observed when compared with the identical frames designed with the traditional method where symmetrical joints characteristics were assumed. The finding of this research contributes to the design of steel frames as their asymmetrical beam-to-column joints lead to different frame behavior when under positive and negative moment and this aspect should be incorporated in the design and analysis of steel frames. This consideration of asymmetrical joint behavior is recommended to be highlighted in future design codes.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2003

근래에 들어서 경제적 및 계획적인 요구에 의하여 충고를 줄일 수 있는 이점을 가진 플랫플레이트 구조물이 많이 건설되고 있다. 구조기술자들은 실무에서 플랫플레이트 구조물을 해석하기 위하여 일반적으로 유효보폭모델을 사용한다. 그러나 유효보폭 모델을 적용하기가 어려운 경우에는 유한요소법을 사용할 필요가 있으며, 이때 바닥판의 정확한 거동을 예측하기 위해서는 세분한 유한요소 모델을 사용하는 것이 필요하다. 전체 구조물을 수많은 유한요소로 세분하여 모형화하면 막대한 해석시간과 컴퓨터 메모리가 필요하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상당히 정확한 해석결과를 쉽게 얻을 수 있는 효율적인 해석기법을 제안한다. 제안된 해석기법은 행렬응축기법을 통하여 생성된 수퍼요소를 사용하며 수퍼요소 경계부분의 변형적합조건을 만족시키기 위하여 수퍼요소를 개발할 때 가상보를 도입한다. 본 연구에서는 슬래브의 탄성계수를 감소시킴으로서 유효보폭모델에서 사용되고 있는 강성저감을 고려하였다. 수많은 요소론 사용한 유한요소모델 및 유효보폭모델을 사용하여 여러 가지의 예제구조물에 대하여 정적해석과 동적해석을 수행하고 본 연구에서 제안된 해석방법에 의한 결과와 비교함으로써 제안된 방법의 효율성과 정확성을 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2013

This paper presents experimental and numerical tests on a recently developed timber column concealed base joint. This joint was designed to replace the wood-wood connection found in the post-and-beam structure of Hanok, the traditional Korean timber house. The use of metallic connectors provides an increased ductility and energy dissipation for a better performance under reversed loading, especially seismic. In this study, we investigate the performance of the joint under pseudo-static reversed cyclic moment loading through the study of its ductility and energy dissipation. We first perform experimental tests. Results show that the failure occurs in the metallic connector itself because of stress concentrations, while no brittle fracture of wood occur. Subsequent numerical simulations using a refined finite element model confirm these conclusions. Then, using a practical modification of the joint configuration with limited visual impact, we improve the ductility and energy dissipation of the joint while retaining a same level of rotational strength as the originally designed configuration. We conclude that the joint has a satisfying behavior under reversed moment loading for use in earthquake resistant timber structure in low to moderate seismicity areas like Korea.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1989

변형률 속도를 고려할 수 있는 철판과 콘크리트의 재료특성모델을 이용하여 여러가지 하중 재하속도를 받는 철근콘크리트부재의 압축 및 휨 거동 예측이 가능한 해석모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 철근콘크리트부재 해석모델을 적용한 해석 결과는 정적하중에서부터 동적하중을 받는 철근콘크리트부재의 실험결과와 비교적 양호하게 일치하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.310-323
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• 2013

In this paper, the aeroelastic static response of flexible wings with arbitrary cross-section geometry via a coupled CUF-XFLR5 approach is presented. Refined structural one-dimensional (1D) models, with a variable order of expansion for the displacement field, are developed on the basis of the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), taking into account cross-sectional deformability. A three-dimensional (3D) Panel Method is employed for the aerodynamic analysis, providing more accuracy with respect to the Vortex Lattice Method (VLM). A straight wing with an airfoil cross-section is modeled as a clamped beam, by means of the finite element method (FEM). Numerical results present the variation of wing aerodynamic parameters, and the equilibrium aeroelastic response is evaluated in terms of displacements and in-plane cross-section deformation. Aeroelastic coupled analyses are based on an iterative procedure, as well as a linear coupling approach for different free stream velocities. A convergent trend of displacements and aerodynamic coefficients is achieved as the structural model accuracy increases. Comparisons with 3D finite element solutions prove that an accurate description of the in-plane cross-section deformation is provided by the proposed 1D CUF model, through a significant reduction in computational cost.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

The Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) is here extended to perform free-vibrational analyses of rotating structures. CUF is a hierarchical formulation, which enables one to obtain refined structural theories by writing the unknown displacement variables using generic functions of the cross-section coordinates (x, z). In this work, Taylor-like expansions are used. The increase of the theory order leads to three-dimensional solutions while, the classical beam models can be obtained as particular cases of the linear theory. The Finite Element technique is used to solve the weak form of the three-dimensional differential equations of motion in terms of "fundamental nuclei", whose forms do not depend on the adopted approximation. Including both gyroscopic and stiffening contributions, structures rotating about either transversal or longitudinal axis can be considered. In particular, the dynamic characteristics of thin-walled cylinders and composite blades are investigated to predict the frequency variations with the rotational speed. The results reveal that the present one-dimensional approach combines a significant accuracy with a very low computational cost compared with 2D and 3D solutions. The advantages are especially evident when deformable and composite structures are analyzed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1999

Optimization scheme is presented for the design of precast prestressed double-tee beams used as slabs in the parking or market structures. The objective considered is defined by a function that minimizes the hight of the double-tee beam, including the prefabricated element and the concrete topping poured in a second phase. The Sequential Quadratic Programming method is adopted to solve the problem. As an example 12 double-tee beams are designed with the design loads of the current design code of our country. The results from optimization process show that at least 29cm less in overall height than that designed by PCI design handbook. The section determined from the optimization process was refined for practical considerations. A MathCad 7.0 Pro Spreadsheet was prepared to verify all ACI requirements for flexure, shear and deflections. Flexural tests are performed on four full-scale 12.5m prototype models and show that all the specimens are fully comply the flexural strength requirements as specified by ACI 318-95. The present optimization scheme can be used for wider application of the design of precast prestressed double-tee beams with different materials and configurations particularly for in a large scale or for important designs.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2007

Detection of structural damage is an inverse problem in structural engineering. There are three main questions in the damage detection: existence, location and extent of the damage. In concept, the natural frequency and mode shapes of any structure must satisfy an eigenvalue problem. But, if a potential damage exists in a structure, an error resulting from the substitution of the refined analytical finite element model and measured modal data into the structural eigenvalue equation will occur, which is called the residual modal forces, and can be used as an indicator of potential damage in a structure. In this study, a useful damage detection method is proposed and compared with other two methods. Two degree-of-freedom system and Cantilever beam are used to demonstrate the approach. And the results of three introduced method are compared.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권2A호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2012

본 논문은 비선형 해석을 통한 완성계 강사장교의 극한 거동에 대해 다룬다. 사장교는 재료적 비선형성과 함께 다양한 기하학적 비선형성을 나타내므로 극한 거동을 명확히 규명하려면 반드시 합리적인 비선형해석이 수행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 합리적인 극한 해석기법을 통해 활하중에 대한 강사장교의 주요한 극한거동을 규명하고자 하였다. 강사장교의 비선형 해석을 위하여 비선형 트러스 요소 및 비선형 프레임 요소를 이용하였고, 강재의 재료적 비선형성을 효율적으로 고려하기 위해 개선소성힌지법을 이용하였다. 활하중에 대한 극한 거동을 합리적으로 분석하기 위해 본 연구에서는 초기형상해석-활하중 해석으로 이어지는 2단계 해석기법을 통해 극한 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 모델은 총 지간장이 920.0 m 사장교를 이용하였고, 방사형 및 팬 형 사장교를 해석에 이용하였다. 극한해석결과를 통해 얻은 하중-변위 곡선, 구조물 변형형상, 소성단면, 휨모멘트분포도 등을 분석하여 활하중에 대한 완성계 사장교의 주요한 극한 거동을 규명하였다.