• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.417-420
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• 2002

본 논문에서는, 지문인증 시스템에 있어서 방향성분의 통계적 방법을 이용한 reference point 검출 알고리즘과 이 reference point를 중심으로 하여 기존의 filterbank의 단점을 개선한 feature 추출 알고리즘을 소개한다. 제안한 reference point검출 알고리즘은 기존의 Poincare방법의 단점인 세밀한 전처리 과정과 arch type의 지문에 대해 장점을 가지며, 개선한 filterbank방법은 기존의 filterbank방법보다 reference point의 검출 위치에 덜 민감하며, 좀 더 높은 인증률을 보였다.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.1511-1513
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• 2007

A new reference point location method using the cosine component is proposed, where an edge map is defined and used to find the reference point. Because all processes used in the proposed method are performed at the block level, less processing time is required. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the reference point with higher speed and accuracy for all types of fingerprints.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.437-440
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 지문인식 시스템에 있어서 중간 단계인 Reference Point를 검출하는 방법을 제안하려고 한다. Reference Point는 지문 인식 방법들인 Minutiae 매칭 방법[1]과 Gabor filter를 사용한 Filterbank 방법[2]을 적용함에 있어서 feature를 추출할 때 사용되는 기준이 되는 Point이다. 그래서 동일인에 대해서는 항상 불변하고 정확한 위치를 찾아내는 정도가 지문 인식 시스템의 인식률에 크게 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 Gray Image에서 직접 Statistical한 방법을 사용하여 지문의 방향 분포를 구하고 이러한 방향 분포도로부터 얻어진 정보를 바탕으로 각 방향간의 거리를 측정하여 모든 방향 성분을 동일하게 유지하는 Reference Region을 찾게 된다. 이렇게 추출된 Reference Region내에서 SED(Statistical Equi-Distance)를 최대로 하는 좌표값을 Reference Point로 결정하게 된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.6_2
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• pp.539-547
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• 2013

This research is suggesting the most effective positioning method for GPS based positioning when no GPS reference point is available in the neighborhood. For this purpose, we carried out positioning of the IGS realtime observatories in Australia in various conditions. According to the research, we were certainly assured the one reference point with a short baseline length is more effective for differential positioning than multiple reference points with a long baseline distance beyond 1,000km and suggested the precise point positioning based positioning method can be an excellent substitute when no reference point is available around an unknown point. The research result may be used as the basic data for accurate positioning in poor reference point environments, especially in Antarctica.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.448-456
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate suitable anterior reference point similar to esthetic reference plane of the patient while transferring the suitable facebow. So those who live in Pusan with the normal occlusal relationship were chosen as subjects. The esthetic reference planes determined by the participants themselves and the superior reference line (anterior reference point) in Hanau & Denar articulator were compared with F-H plane in the standard lateral cephalogram. The results were as follows. 1. The angle between the esthetic reference plane and F-H plane was $2.81{\pm}5.7^{\circ}$. 2. The reference line, 43mm from Beyron point to the edge of the upper incisor, was the reference plane that had the closest paralleled relationship with the esthetic reference plane. 3. Transferring with ear piece type face-bow, the anterior reference point that showed the esthetic reference plane was 17mm below orbitale or 43mm above, the edge of the upper incisor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.22-30
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• 2001

In this paper, active control of vibrational intensity at a reference point in an infinite, elastic plate was discussed. The plate is excised harmonically by a vibrating source, which has a vertical point force. The optimal condition of controller was investigated to minimize the vibrational intensity being transmitted from the vibrating source to a reference point. Hence the method of feedforward control was employed for the control strategy and then the cost function was evaluated to find the optimal control force. Three types of control force (Vertical force, Moment, and Coupling force (a set of vertical force and moment) ) and controller's positions were examined to define the optimal condition of the controller. The vibrational intensity at a reference point was found to be reduced down to a zero level, compared with the uncontrolled case. Especially maximum reduction of vibrational intensity was achieved when the controller was collinearly positioned between a vibrating source and a reference point.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.2976-2990
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• 2022

The adaptive adjustment of reference or weight vectors in decomposition-based methods has been a hot research topic in the evolutionary community over the past few years. Although various methods have been proposed regarding this issue, most of them aim to diversify solutions in the objective space to cover the true Pareto fronts as much as possible. Different from them, this paper proposes a knee point-based reference vector adaptive adjustment strategy to concurrently balance the convergence and diversity. To be specific, the knee point-based reference vector adaptive adjustment strategy firstly utilizes knee points to construct the adaptive reference vectors. After that, a new fitness function is defined mathematically. Then, this paper further designs a many-objective evolutionary algorithm with knee point-based reference vector adaptive adjustment strategy, where the mating operation and environmental selection are designed accordingly. The proposed method is extensively tested on the WFG test suite with 8, 10 and 12 objectives and MPDMP with state-of-the-art optimizers. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art optimizers and the practicability of the proposed method in tackling practical many-objective optimization problems.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2022

Previous studies have reported that a plausible reference point has a greater anchoring effect than an extreme reference point. It is also known that the anchoring effect decreases when the individual's level of knowledge related to a given item is high. However, there has been no study examining the interaction of the plausibility of the reference point and the difficulty of the given question. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the reference plausibility and the difficulty of the questions on the anchoring effect were examined. The relationship between the response confidence and the anchoring effect was also examined. To do so, easy and difficult questions, plausible and extreme reference points were selected through preliminary research. The experiment was conducted following the 'standard anchoring task procedure'. As results, the extremity of the reference point and the difficulty of the question affected the size of the anchoring effect respectively. The difficulty of the question also affected the confidence of the response. Specifically, when a plausible reference point was presented and when a difficult question was presented, the anchoring effects were increased. In addition, the lower the confidence in one's performances, the greater the influence of the reference point when an extreme reference point was presented. These results show that the plausibility of the given reference point and the difficulty of the item have different effects on the magnitude of the anchoring effect and the degree of confidence. The results of this study support the attitude change perspective regarding the anchoring effect, which suggests that the anchoring effect varies depending on the characteristics of the reference point and the individual's knowledge.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.519-525
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• 2014

In this paper, an alternative variable structure controller is designed for the point-to-point regulation control of uncertain general linear plants so that the output of plants can be controlled from an arbitrarily given initial point to an arbitrarily given reference point in the state space. By using the error between the steady state value of the output and an arbitrarily given reference point and those integral, a transformed integral sliding surface is defined, in advance, as the surface from an initial state to an arbitrarily given reference point without the reaching phase problems. A corresponding control input is suggested to satisfy the existence condition of the sliding mode on the preselected transformed integral sliding surface against matched uncertainties and disturbances. Therefore, the output controlled by the proposed controller is completely robust and identical to that of the preselected transformed integral sliding surface. Through an example, the effectiveness of the suggested controller is verified.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.1321-1323
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• 2007

A new reference point location method based on an edge map is proposed, where an orientation map is defined and used to find the edge map. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the core point in poor quality and arch-type fingerprint images and produces better results in terms of the detection rate and accuracy than the sine map-based method.