• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.62-72
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• 2015

This study investigates the in-situ implementation of bio-regenerated iron mineral catalyst to remove explosive compounds in ground water at a military shooting range in operation. A bio-regenerated iron mineral catalyst was synthesized using lepidocrocite (iron-bearing soil mineral), iron-reducing bacteria Shewanella putrefaciens CN32, and electron mediator (riboflavin) in the culture medium. This catalyst was then injected periodically in the ground to build a redox active zone acting like permeable reactive barrier through injection wells constructed at a live fire military shooting range. Ground water and core soils were sampled periodically for analysis of explosive compounds, mainly RDX and its metabolites, along with toxicity analysis and REDOX potential measurement. Results suggested that a redox active zone was formed in the subsurface in which contaminated ground water flows through. Concentration of RDX as well as toxicity (% inhibition) of ground water decreased in the downstream compared to those in the upstream while concentration of RDX reduction products increased in the downstream.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.833-842
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• 1994

To elucidate the protective effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus-fermented milk against cadmium toxicity, the effects of administration of L acidophilus-fermented milk on hematological values and histopathological changes in cadmium-treated rats were investigated. The experimental rats were divided into 2 groups that were consisted of the one group administered with cadmium alone, and the other group administered with cadmium mixed with the fermented milk. Each group was orally administered with different doses of cadmium such as $1.7{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, $3.4{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, $6.8{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, and $13.6{\mu}g/g$ bw/day, respectively, for 1 to 8 weeks. Hematological values and enzyme activities, histopathological changes of kidney tissues were examined for the experimental groups. The values of RBC, WBC, and Hb in the groups administered with cadmium mixed with the fermented milk showed no significant differences to those of the groups administered with cadmium alone, but Hct showed significant reducing values. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum were significantly reduced than those of the groups administered with cadmium alone, at the low dose of cadmium treated groups. But alkaline phophatase(ALP) and lactate dehydorgenase(LDH) were significantly reduced at the high dose of cadmium treated groups. In histopathological study, a severe acute tubular necrosis of the convoluted tubules and distalation of tubules were showed in the groups administered with cadmium alone, but the kidney tissues of the groups administered with cadmium mixed with the fermented milk were similar to those of the normal group. In conclusion, the above results would suggest that L acidophilus-fermented milk has reducing effects on cadmium toxicity, at the low dose of cadmium administration.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2017

Chemotherapy is associated with male infertility. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP) as a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers has been reported to most likely induce testicular toxicity. Administration of antioxidants, such as pentoxifylline (PTX) may reduce some Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) of CDDP. Therefore, this study investigated the potentially protective effects of PTX on CDDP-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats. For this purpose, 42 male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. The rats were orally pretreated with PTX at the 3 doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg once a day for 14 successive days. On the $14^{th}$ day of the study, they were intraperitoneally (IP) administered with a single dose of CDDP (7 mg/kg). Finally, the sperm/testis parameters, serum levels of reproductive hormones, including testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) as the pivotal endocrine factors controlling testicular functions, and histopathological changes of testis tissue were examined. Pretreatment with the two doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg PTX indicated significant increases in the sperm count and motility induced by CDDP administration. The right and significantly left testis weights were decreased following the treatment with 300 mg/kg of PTX plus CDDP. However, 75 mg/kg of PTX plus CDDP showed the best near-to-normal histopathological features. The results demonstrated that PTX alone enhanced some parameters, such as the sperm count, while reducing other parameters, including sperm fast motility and germ layer thickness. Furthermore, despite testosterone or LH levels, the mean serum FSH level was significantly augmented by the doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg. It was concluded that PTX administration cannot reduce CDDP-induced testicular toxicity even at high doses (e.g., 300 mg/kg), while it seemed to partially intensify CDDP toxicity effects at a dose of 75 mg/kg. Thus, further research is required in this regard.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to reduce the toxicity of oil based root canal sealers containing calcium hydroxide using MTT & agar overlay assays. Thus some formulations of traditional root canal sealers were replaced with oil-soluble solvents and experimental root canal sealers manufactured. In MTT assay, Cell viability of all experimental sealers in addition with oil soluble solvents were observed significantly higher than both control groups, especially according to replace zinc and/or calcium ion components. Also agar overlay assay was appeared moderate to no cell responses into modifying both zinc and/or calcium ion components and oil soluble solvent weight. Authors found the reducing effect of cell toxicity through significant role of oil soluble solvent factor into root canal sealer containing calcium hydroxide.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.2 s.133
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

Many chemotherapeutic drugs were developed and contributed to the increase of cure rate of cancer, however severe side effect of these drugs is a major cause of poor quality of life of cancer patients. Effect of deer blood on cancer therapy was investigated in mouse tumor model. Deer blood itself was shown to have mild antitumor activity. However it has significant effect on the reduction of the side effects of chemotherapy. Deer blood recovered the reduction of WBC and platelet (myelotoxicity) during fluorouracil chemotherapy. Deer blood also recovered the increase of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN; indicator of renal toxicity) and increase of serum amylase activity (AMY; indicator of pancreatic toxicity) almost to the control level during cisplatin chemotherapy. Fluorouracil and cisplatin are major chemotherapeutic drugs which are currently used in clinical cancer therapy, and the results strongly suggest that deer blood can be used for reducing the side effects and improving the quality of life during chemotherapy of cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.148-155
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• 2015

Using dispersants is known to be an effective solution to accelerate the natural dispersion and being an appropriate oil spill response strategy. By breaking up large oil chunks into small droplets, dispersants are generally intended to help reducing further oil exposures and slicks. Collecting property data of circulating crude oil in South Korea and understanding the interaction between crude oils and dispersions need to be preceded for the effective dispersant use. This paper provides an property analysis of three selected oils which have the same composition of spilt oils from the Herbei Spirit Incident and conducts an emulsification and toxicity experiment with selected domestic and foreign dispersants. Results will present a direction of future domestic dispersants' development which aimed at eco-friendly and safety.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.26-32
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• 1997

To evaluate the cytogenetic toxicity, of cadmium and the reducing effect of selenium or zinc on cadmium toxicity, the induction of SCEs in cultured human lymphocytes by the concentraion of 0.5 $\mu$M to 16.0 $\mu$M of cadmium chloride and those of cadmium chloride combined with sodium selenite or zinc chloride 1.2 $\mu$M, respectively was investigated. The induction of SCEs by cadmium chloride in the range of 0.5 $\mu$M to 16.0 $\mu$M increased in a dose-dependent manner. A notable increase in SCEs by sodium selenite as well as zinc chloride was also observed. However, the frequency of SCEs by cadmium chloride was inhibited by the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite and zinc chloride 1.2 $\mu$M, respectively. The mitotic index significantly decreased in higher concentration of cadmium chloride but not was significantly different in any concentration of cadmium chloride with the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite or zinc chloride. The results showed that the decreased additive SCE effect was observed when induced by the combined treatment which could suggest that sodium selenite and zinc chloride have a protective effect on cadmium chloride.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-17
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• 2024

Oxygen is necessary to sustain life, but reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxygen metabolism can cause mutations and toxicity. ROS can damage cellular macromolecules, leading to oxidative stress, which can accelerate cell death and aging. ROS generated in food affect the taste, color, and aroma of food, and high levels of ROS in meat can cause spoilage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in scavenging ROS in food and reducing their toxicity to organisms. SOD exerts its antioxidant effect by catalyzing the breakdown of O₂-• to H₂O₂. As a natural antioxidant, SOD has the ability to regenerate and maintain its activity over a long period of time without depletion, unlike chemical antioxidants that may have side effects or stability issues. This antioxidant effect of SOD has great potential in a variety of industries, and in the food industry it can be utilized to improve product quality and provide safe and healthy products to consumers. By disrupting the SOD2 and SOD3 genes in Candida albicans, we studied the effects of SOD2 and SOD3 genes on the antioxidant system, suggesting its potential as a natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.978-987
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• 2015

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the greatest limitations to agriculture in acid soils, particularly in tropical regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can supply plants with nutrients and give protection against Al toxicity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil liming (i.e., reducing Al saturation) on the AMF community composition and structure in the roots of maize lines contrasting for Al tolerance. To this end, we constructed four 18S rDNA cloning libraries from L3 (Al tolerant) and L22 (Al sensitive) maize lines grown in limed and non-limed soils. A total of 790 clones were sequenced, 69% belonging to the Glomeromycota phylum. The remaining sequences were from Ascomycota, which were more prominent in the limed soil, mainly in the L3 line. The most abundant AM fungal clones were related to the family Glomeraceae represented by the genera uncultured Glomus followed by Rhizophagus and Funneliformis. However, the most abundant operational taxonomic units with 27% of the Glomeromycota clones was affiliated to genus Racocetra. This genus was present in all the four libraries, but it was predominant in the non-limed soils, suggesting that Racocetra is tolerant to Al toxicity. Similarly, Acaulospora and Rhizophagus were also present mostly in both lines in non-limed soils. The community richness of AMF in the non-limed soils was higher than the limed soil for both lines. The results suggest that the soil Al saturation was the parameter that mostly influences the AMF species composition in the soils in this study.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.775-781
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• 2003

In this study, we investigated to elevate the modulatory effect of flavonoid(fustin, sulfuretin, 10 mg/kg) which was isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes(RVS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks on the toxicity of paraquat. In the flavonoids pretreated groups, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, malondialdehyde and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and malondialdehyde, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen in lung tissue which was induced paraquat toxicity were slightly decrease compared to the normal group. In the lung tissue of flavonoids pretreated groups, malodialdehyde value, G-6-phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis were recovered to tile normal values and alkaline phosphatase activity was increased. From these results, we concluded that flavonoids which were isolated from RVS is an effective agent to inhibit the pulmonary and internal toxicities and hence we concluded that acitive components of fustin and sulfuretin which were isolated from RVS might be removed free radicals induced by paraquat.