• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of Naetakbaekryeom-san (NTB), and whether it could be another treatment for inflammatory diseases. Methods The NTB water extract was extracted with hot water at 100℃ for 2 hours, concentrated at 80℃ under reduced pressure, and used. After 2 hours of pretreatment with NTB and positive control Bay11-7082, nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1𝛽, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-𝛼) were measured in RAW264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 500 ng/mL. After 2 hours of pretreatment with NTB, the anti-inflammatory effect of NTB was evaluated by measuring nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-𝜅B) in RAW264.7 cells and 293T cells activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetic acid (PMA) 30 ng/mL. Results In RAW264.7 cells activated with LPS, NTB at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/mL showed no cytotoxicity, significantly inhibited NO production and inhibition of iNOS expression. TNF-𝛼 cytokine levels was not regulated, but NTB at each concentration inhibited the production of IL-1𝛽 and IL-6, and the effect was higher than that of the positive control Bay11-7082 (20 𝜇M). In PMA-activated RAW264.7 cells and 293T cells, each concentration of NBT decreased the NF-𝜅B transcriptional activity, with the greatest decrease at 1 mg/mL. Conclusions These results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of NTB water extracts, but further studies such as comparison of anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant effects by NTB component, comparison of effects according to extraction solvents, and clinical studies are needed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.48-48
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• 2010

Sound quality and NVH-issues(Noise, Vibration and Harshness) of vehicles has become very important for car manufacturers. It is interpreted as among the most relevant factors regarding perceived product quality, and is important in gaining market advantage. The general sound quality of vehicles was gradually improved over the years. However, today the development cycles in the automotive industry are constantly reduced to meet the customers' demands and to react quickly to market needs. In addition, new drive and fuel concepts, tightened ecological specifications, increase of vehicle classes and increasing diversification(increasing market for niche vehicles), etc. challenge the acoustic engineers trying to develop a pleasant, adequate, harmonious passenger cabin sound. Another aspect concerns the general pressure for reducing emission and fuel consumption, which lead to vehicle weight reductions through material changes also resulting in new noise and vibration conflicts. Furthermore, in the context of alternative powertrains and engine concepts, the new objective is to detect and implement the vehicle sound, tailored to suit the auditory expectations and needs of the target group. New questions must be answered: What are appropriate sounds for hybrid or electric vehicles? How are new vehicle sounds perceived and judged? How can customer-oriented, client-specific target sounds be determined? Which sounds are needed to fulfil the driving task, and so on? Thus, advanced methods and tools are necessary which cope with the increasing complexity of NVH-problems and conflicts and at the same time which cope with the growing expectations regarding the acoustical comfort. Moreover, it is exceedingly important to have already detailed and reliable information about NVH-issues in early design phases to guarantee high quality standards. This requires the use of sophisticated simulation techniques, which allow for the virtual construction and testing of subsystems and/or the whole car in early development stages. The virtual, testing is very important especially with respect to alternative drive concepts(hybrid cars, electric cars, hydrogen fuel cell cars), where complete new NVH-problems and challenges occur which have to be adequately managed right from the beginning. In this context, it is important to mention that the challenge is that all noise contributions from different sources lead to a harmonious, well-balanced overall sound. The optimization of single sources alone does not automatically result in an ideal overall vehicle sound. The paper highlights modern and innovative NVH measurement technologies as well as presents solutions of recent NVH tasks and challenges. Furthermore, future prospects and developments in the field of automotive acoustics are considered and discussed.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

배경: 야생 망초(줄기와 잎)의 성분을 분석한 결과에서 생리활성 성분의 함유가 확인되어 화합물의 규명이 필요하다. 목적: 망초에는 항산화성 물질이 함유되었다는 선행연구 결과가 있어서 화합물의 분자적 구조를 연구하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 망초(줄기와 잎) 초음파 분쇄물을 1차로 90% 메탄올로, 다음에 유기 용매로 추출하였다. 다음에 HPLC, LC/MS 크로마토그래피 등으로 분획하였고, 분핵물을 NMR 분광기로 정밀 분석하여 분자의 구조를 동정하였다. 결과: 망초 100 g을 초음파기로 파쇄하여 90% methanol로 추출하고, 감압 농축하여 조 추출물 11.96 g을 얻었다. 조추출물을 유기용매로 재추출하여 n-hexane으로 123.8 mg, dichloromethane으로 448.2 mg, ethyl acetate(EA)로는 1047.7 mg, butanol로는 2563.8 mg, water로는 7.04 g을 얻었다. EA 추출물을 LC-MS 크로마토그래피로 분획하고, 정밀 분획하여 F1~F20의 20개를 얻었다. F15 분획을 다시 분획하여 9개를 얻었다. F17 분획을 재분획하여 10개의 분획을 얻었다. F15-7 분획물을 LC-MS 분석과 NMR 분광기로 분석한 결과는 이 화합물의 구조가 3,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid로 확인되었다. F17-4와 F17-5의 구조를 조사한 결과는 Quercetin-3-o-β-galactose로 동정 되었다. F17-10의 구조를 확인한 결과는 1,3,4-tri-caffeoylquinic acid로 확인되었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 망초 성분에도 항산화성 물질이 있었으며, 이의 활용성을 기대하며, 식물에는 항산화성 물질인 phenol 성분을 다양하게 함유하였다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

Purpose: Hallux valgus (HV) is one of the most common chronic foot disorders, occurring when the first toe deviates laterally toward the other toe. HV impairs muscle strength and affects gait function (postural sway and gait speed). Thus, this study aims to investigate using the FDM system the effect of wearing braces on gait while wearing a virtual reality (VR) device. Methods: This study was conducted on 28 healthy adults with HV of 15 degrees or more. To compare differences in walking, depending on whether a toe brace can be worn, the subject walked without wearing anything, walked after wearing the VR device, and walked after wearing the VR device and the toe brace, and the FDM system was used for the gait ability measurement analysis. Results: As a result of a one-way repeated analysis of variance, the walking speed-related variables (cadence, velocity, etc.) in the HV group were higher during comfortable walking. In addition, walking while wearing a VR device and walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace demonstrated more significant values in terms of six gait parameters (double stance phase, loading response, stage, stage, stage, and stage). The maximum pressure of the forefoot was significantly reduced when walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace compared to comfortable walking, but in all variables, there was no statistically significant difference between walking while wearing a VR device and walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace. Conclusion: Orthosis with a VR device during gait (OVG) and gait with a VR device (GVR) affect gait in HV patients. However, there was no significant difference between GVR and OVG. Thus, it is necessary to conduct experiments on various HV angles and increase the duration of wearing the toe brace.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2008

향후 국내 철도 건설에는 콘크리트궤도의 활발한 적용이 예상된다. 콘크리트궤도의 경우 기존의 자갈도상 궤도에 비해 침하로 인한 사용성 저하가 크고 그 복구가 어렵기 때문에, 침하에 대한 보다 엄격한 대처가 요구된다. 특히 반복되는 열차하중에 의해 발생하는 소성변형의 축적에 의한 장기 침하를 예측하는 것은 철도 궤도의 합리적인 설계와 유지관리를 위해 필수적이다. 세립토로 구성된 연약한 노반 위에 설치되어 과도한 누적소성침하가 예상되는 경우, 소수의 소구경 말뚝을 설치하면 침하를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 예측된다. 본 논문은 경험식과 수치해석을 결합한 방법을 통해 말뚝 설치에 의한 누적소성침하량의 감소 효과를 평가하였다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 유한차분법을 이용하여 말뚝이 설치된 콘크리트궤도를 모델링하여 열차하중에 의해 발생하는 지중응력 상태를 파악하고, 산정된 응력 분포를 소성변형 예측을 위한 경험식에 적용함으로써 콘크리트궤도에서 발생하는 장기 소성침하를 예측하였다. 해석 결과의 분석출 통해 누적소성침하량의 감소 목적으로써 의 말뚝 설치 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 말뚝 설치개수 및 말뚝 배치에 따른 누적소성침하 감소 특성을 제시하고 누적소성침하 감소를 위한 효과적인 말뚝 배치를 제안하였다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2018

국가 물류 인프라인 컨테이너 해운에 대한 합리적 투자 및 정책 결정을 하기 위해서는 컨테이너 해상운임의 결정요인에 대한 이해가 요구된다. 본 연구는 벡터오차수정모형(Vector Error Correction Model; VECM)을 사용하여 컨테이너 운임에 영향을 미치는 요인별 영향력을 추정하였다. 이를 위해 영국 클락슨이 공표하는 데이터를 사용하였으며, 분석결과 물동량 1.0% 증가 시 운임 4.2% 증가, 선복량 1.0% 증가 시 운임 4.0% 감소, 벙커유 가격 1.0% 증가 시 운임 0.07% 증가, Libor 1.0% 증가 시 운임은 0.04% 증가하는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 현 운임이 장기균형 시점의 운임보다 1.0% 높을 경우 운임은 3.2% 차기에 감소하며, 장기균형 운임보다 1.0% 적을 경우 0.12% 차기에 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 불황기 영향력은 통계적 유의성이 낮았으며, 이는 호황기에는 운임감소 압력이 뚜렷하나 불황기에는 운임상승 압력이 없는 것으로 이해된다. 이 같은 분석 결과는 향후 컨테이너 해운시장의 전망에 과학적인 접근법의 활용에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.455-475
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• 2023

The present study investigates the non-linear soil-pile interaction using three-dimensional (3D) non-linear finite element models. The numerical models were validated by using the results of extensive pile load and shaking table tests. The pile performance in liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil has been studied by analyzing the liquefaction ratio, pile lateral displacement (LD), pile bending moment (BM), and frictional resistance (FR) results. The pile models have been developed for the different ground conditions. The study reveals that the results obtained during the pile load test and shaking cycles have good agreement with the predicted pile and soil response. The soil density, peak ground acceleration (PGA), slenderness ratio (L/D), and soil condition (i.e., dry and saturated) are considered during modeling. Four ground motions are used for the non-linear time history analyses. Consequently, design charts are proposed depended on the analysis results to be used for design practice. Eleven models have been used to validate the capability of these charts to capture the soil-pile response under different seismic intensities. The results of the present study demonstrate that L/D ratio slightly affects the lateral displacement when compared with other parameters. Also, it has been observed that the increasing in PGA and decreasing L/D decreases the excess pore water pressure ratio; i.e., increasing PGA from 0.1 g to 0.82 g of loose sand model, decrease the liquefaction ratio by about 50%, and increasing L/D from 15 to 75 of the similar models (under Kobe earthquake), increase this ratio by about 30%. This study reveals that the lateral displacement increases nonlinearly under both dry and saturated conditions as the PGA increases. Similarly, it is observed that the BM increases under both dry and saturated states as the L/D ratio increases. Regarding the acceleration histories, the pile BM was reduced by reducing the acceleration intensity. Hence, the pile BM decreased to about 31% when the applied ground motion switched from Kobe (PGA=0.82 g) to Ali Algharbi (PGA=0.10 g). This study reveals that the soil conditions affect the relationship pattern between the FR and the PGA. Also, this research could be helpful in understanding the threat of earthquakes in different ground characteristics.

• 경제분석
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.132-176
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• 2019

미 연준은 2015년부터 통화정책의 정상화를 진행하고 있으며, 이는 우리 경제에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 '시변모수 벡터자기회귀' (Time-varying parameter vector auto regression, TVP-VAR) 모형을 바탕으로 미국 통화정책이 우리나라 금융시장과 자본유출입에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 미국 통화정책의 변화는 신용스프레드, 페더럴펀드 금리(정책금리), 기간프리미엄 등 세 변수를 통해 파악하였다. 국내 변수로는 금융시장 지표(장기금리, 원/달러 환율, 신용스프레드)와 국제수지표 금융계정을 분석하였다. 미국 정책금리 충격은 2004~2006년 금리인상기에는 국내 금융시장에 불안을 야기 시키고 외국인 국내 투자와 내국인 해외투자의 동시 감소를 초래하였으나 2015년 이후에는 그 효과가 제한적인 것으로 드러났다. 미국 기간프리미엄의 영향력은 양적완화 (Quantitative Easing, QE) 정책 실시 이후 확대되었다. 미국 신용스프레드가 국내 금융시장과 자본유출입에 미친 충격은 글로벌 금융위기 이후 크게 확대된 것으로 나타났다. 미국 통화정책 정상화의 파급효과 예측을 위한 시뮬레이션을 실시한 결과 정책금리 인상 자체보다 이로 인해 금융시장이 불안해질 때 발생할 수 있는 신용스프레드의 상승이 국내 금융시장에 더 큰 부작용을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 자금유출입 측면에서 미국 통화정책 정상화는 외국인 투자자금의 국외이탈 압력 증가로 이어지나, 내국인의 해외투자자금이 국내로 환수되면서 이를 상쇄한다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.114-114
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• 2022

There are 28 families and 166 species of exotic weeds on agricultural land and among these, 23 families and 80 species of exotic weeds occur on pastures. Among them, the Solidago altissima is a perennial weed belonging to the asteraceae family and it is an exotic weed that spreads to the surrounding area using methods such as high seed production, vegetative propagation using underground rhizomes and allelochemical. Accordingly, in 2009, the Ministry of Environment designated it as an ecosystem-disrupting species. This study was conducted to obtain basic data about the effects of S.altissima derived allelochemicals on forage crops. The root of S.altissima was separated, dried in the shade and then pulverized to prepare an root powder. Powder was repeatedly extracted with methanol for 3 days and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain an root methanol extract. Dissolve the extract in distilled water, dispense it in a separate-funnel and proceed with liquid-liquid extraction by adding equal amounts of n-haxane (Hex), chloroform (CHCI₃), ethyl acetate (EtoAC), and butanol (BuOH) in order of increasing polarity. A seed-bioassay was performed using fractions for each solvent, followed by separation and purification by silica gel column chromatography. As a result of the fraction germination test for each solvent, the IC₅₀ values using the fresh weight of each fraction were 898.3 mg L^-1, 676.3 mg L^-1, 1160 mg L^-1 and 1360 mg L^-1. CA, CB, and CC fractions were obtained through primary silica gel column chromatography that used CHCI₃ fraction. As a result of seed-bioassay using each fraction, the IC₅₀ values for the fresh weight of each fraction was 537.3 mg L^-1, 1280 mg L^-1 and 1947 mg L^-1. Based on this, 5 fractions were obtained as a result of secondary silica gel column chromatography using the CA fraction. A seed-bioassay was performed, as a result, the lowest IC₅₀ value was calculated as 226.7 mg L^-1 in the CAE fraction. Based on this, the fraction was analyzed by GC-MS. The results of this study can be used as basic research data on the effects of weeds on forage crops and allelochemicals secreted from S. altissima.

• 멤브레인
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2023

세라믹 분리막은 높은 열적, 화학적 안정성을 갖기 때문에 극한의 조건에서 운전되는 다양한 산업 공정에 적용할 수 있다. 그러나 투과도와 기계적 강도의 trade-off 현상에 의한 세라믹 분리막 활용에 제약이 있어, 고투과성-고강도 분리막의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 상전이-압출법으로 알루미나 중공사 분리막을 제조하고, 고분자 바인더의 종류와 그 혼합비에 따른 분리막의 특성 변화를 관찰하였다. 용매인 DMAc (Dimethylacetamide)와 고분자 바인더의 한센 용해도 인자를 비교하면, PSf (polysulfone)가 DMAc와 높은 용해도 특성을 갖기 때문에 도프 용액의 점도와 토출압력이 높게 나타나 분리막 내부가 치밀한 구조로 형성되기 때문에 높은 기계적 강도를 갖으나 수투과도가 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그에 반해, PES(polyethersulfone)를 이용하여 분리막을 제조하면 기계적 강도가 다소 감소하고 수투과도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 분리막 성능과 물성을 최적화하기 위해 PSf와 PES를 혼합하여 분리막을 제조하였으며, 9:1로 혼합하여 제조된 분리막에서 최적화된 수투과도와 기계적 강도를 얻을 수 있었다.