• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

필터가 장착 된 먼지 감소 팬을 포함하여 새로운 유형의 Composite Cyclone Scrubber를 개발하고, 목표 설치 및 유지 보수 비용에 대해서는 기존 도로 오염 저감 시스템 대비 64 %의 투자비 절감 (61 억 원 vs. 170 억 원), 기존 도로 오염 저감 조치 (72.6 억 원) 대비 사회적 비용편익이 43 % 증가, 50.8 억 원)가 예측되고 있다. 장치의 구성은 송풍기 형 나선형 가이드 베인이며, 분사 압력은 미세먼지를 포집한다. 분사 각도 및 접촉 범위가 다양한 노즐, 스프레이 액체 등과 순환 수를 이용한 스프레이이며, 분사 된 물이 Guide Vane과 45도 각도로 충돌로 인해 오염된 가스를 만나기 때문에 41.4 % 더 많은 미세 먼지를 포집한다. 이는 기존의 집진기보다 141 % 증가한 것이다. 포집 액체, 순환 빗물 및 우물 공급원과 관련하여 우리는 특허에서 막대한 양의 에너지와 경제적으로 절약되는 친환경 시스템을 기대한다. 가이드 베인 및 금속 필터는 90 % 이상의 미세 먼지를 줄였으며, 분무 된 물은 베인과 필터를 청소하여 유지 관리 예산을 최소화했다. 개발 된 설계의 예비 평가를 통해 특징적인 물분사로 인하여 유지 보수 예산을 줄일 수 있다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.525-535
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 3 week low calorie diet (LCD) and a 9 week of behavior modification (BM) program on the weight loss, mineral and vitamin status in 22 obese women. The subject were healthy, obese (PIBW> $120\%$) women aged 20 - 50 Yr and not taking any medications known to influence body composition, mineral or vitamin metabolism During the LCD program, subjects were provided commercial liquid formulas with 125 kcal per pack and were instructed to have a formula for replacement of one meal and at least one regular meal per day within the range of daily 800 - 1200 kcal intake. During the BM program the subjects weekly attended the group nutrition counseling session to encourage themselves to modify their eating behavior and spontaneously restrict their energy intakes. The BM program focused on stimulus control, control of portion sizes and modification of binge eating and other adverse habits. The initial mean energy intake of subjects was 2016.9 $\pm$ 129.8 kcal ($100.8\%$ of RDA) and dropped to 1276.5 $\pm$ 435.7 kcal at the end of a 3 week of LCD program and elevated to 1762 $\pm$ 329.3 kcal at the end of a 9 week of BM program. Carbohydrate, protein and fat intakes were significantly decreased at the end of the LCD but carbohydrate was the only macro nutrient that showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) at the end of the BM program compared to baseline. Calcium and iron intakes decreased significantly (p < 0.01, respectively) with no significant changes in other micronutrients at the end of the LCD. The mean weight of the subjects decreased from 73.8 $\pm$ 8.0 kg to 69.2 $\pm$ 7.7 kg with LCD and ended up with 67.7 $\pm$ 7.1 kg after 9 weeks of BM. The 3 weeks of LCD reduced most of the anthropometric indices such as BMI, PIBW, fat weight, wast-to-hip ratio and subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thickness. The 9 weeks of behavior modification showed slight change or maintenance of each anthropometric measurements. Weight loss and decreased WHR with the diet program induced significantly decreased systolic blood pressure. SGOT, SGPT and serum insulin levels with improved serum lipid profiles. Biochemical parameters related to iron status such as hemoglobin, hematocrit were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at the end of the LCD. But their mean values were within normal range. The mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin $D_3$ level significantly increased after whole diet program. Serum folate level significantly decreased after 12 weeks of diet program. In conclusion 3 weeks of LCD brought 4.6 kg reduction in body weight without risk of iron, zinc or vitamin D deficiency and 9 weeks of the BM was effective to maintain nutritional status with slightly more weight reduction (1.5 kg). However calcium intake and serum folate should be monitored during the LCD and BM because of increased risk of deficiencies.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제37호
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• pp.165-195
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• 2013

오늘날 현대 조직에서는 제3의 자본으로서 사회자본의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 사회자본은 조직구성원에 대한 효율적 인적 자원관리와 관련하여 "구성원에 대한 신뢰와 규범, 사회적 네트워크"등을 그 구성요소로 하는데, 현재 이와 관련된 많은 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 민간경비업체 종사자들의 사회자본에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 어려운 실정이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 사회자본에 대한 국내외 선행연구를 바탕으로 민간경비업체 종사자들을 대상으로 하여, 사회자본과 직무만족과의 관계에 대해서 직무특성의 매개역할을 중심으로 한 실증분석을 통해 민간경비업체 종사자들의 효율적 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 결과, 첫째, 사회자본과 직무만족과의 관계에 대한 분석결과, 사회자본의 구성요소 중 신뢰와 네트워크는 직무만족에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회자본과 직무만족과의 관계에서 직무특성에 대한 매개효과의 분석결과, 직무특성 요인인 직무중요성과 기술다양성은 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증분석의 결과는 민간경비업체 종사자들의 직무스트레스를 감소시켜 주고 직무만족과 더불어 조직의 성과를 향상시키기 위해서는 조직 구성원 간의 신뢰와 네트워크 등을 통하여 사회자본에 기반을 둔 상호협력 등이 필요로 함을 의미한다. 따라서 민간경비업체 종사자들에 대한 사회자본의 활성화와 유지를 위한 관리전략이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2007

The gait instability in the elderly has been associated with age-related deterioration in physical strength and reducing the potential for elderly falls requires regular exercise. In 2005, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control(NCIPC) reported that most elderly falls occur during activities in daily living(ADL). To better reveal biomechanic mechanisms underlying age-related degeneration in gait stability, and to enhance the assessment of falls risk, an accurate quantification of a person's balance maintenance during locomotion is needed. Instantaneous orientation of the line connecting COP and COM can characterize whole body position with respect to the supporting foot during gait and the angle between this line and the vertical line passing through the COP known as a good assessment to detect the elderly gait instability. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate a 6-month walking exercise effects in reducing elderly fall risk factors by using COP-COM inclination angles. Twenty-two community-dwelling elderly participated this study. The participants performed a walking exercise(3 times/week, 1 hour/visit) for 6 months. Laboratory kinematics during walking was assessed at months 0, 3 and 6. Significant increased in gait velocity was found among periods(p=.011, $1.25{\pm}.03$, $1.32{\pm}.03$, and $1.39{\pm}.04\;m/s$ in 0-, 3-, and 6-month, respectively). Also, significant differences in anterior and posteriror inclination angles were found among the periods(p<.05; posterior inclination angles: $12.8{\pm}2.2$, $11.0{\pm}2.9$, & $10.9{\pm}1.9$; anterior inclination angles: $13.7{\pm}1.7$, $14.6{\pm}3.2$, & $1.46{\pm}.21$ in 0month, 3month, & 6month, respectively). These findings provide evidence of significant reduced fall risk factors of community-living older adults associated with a systematic walking program.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2009

Purpose: In multiple blunt trauma patients, transfusion may be a significant therapeutic adjunct to non-operative management. The blood products must be expedited and efficiently to patients in impending shock caused by hemorrhage or traumatic coagulopathy, but the decision to perform blood transfusion has been made empirically, based on the clinician' and has not been guided by objective parameters, but own opinion, that may result in an underestimate of or a failure to detect bleeding, in delayed transfusion, and in a reduced outcome. This article presents quickly assessable predictive factors for determining if a blood transfusion is required to improve outcomes in multiple blunt trauma patients admitted to the emergency room. Methods: In a retrospective review of 282 multiple blunt trauma patients who visited our emergency center by emergency rescuer during a 1-year period, possible factors predictive of the need for a blood transfusion were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Of blunt trauma patients, 9.2% (26/282), received red blood cells in the first 24 hours of care. Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between blood transfused and heart rate (HR) > 100 beats/min, respiratory rate (RR) > 20 breaths/min, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 14, Revised Trauma Score (RTS) < 11, white blood cell count (WBC) < 4000 or > 10000, and initial abnormal portable trauma series (Cspine lateral, chest AP, pelvis AP). A multiple regression analysis, with a correction for diagnosis, identified HR > 100 beats/min (EXP 3.2), GCS < 14 (EXP 4.1), and abnormal trauma series (EXP 2.9), as independent predictors. Conclusion: In our study, systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg, old age > 65 years, hemoglobin < 13g/dL, mechanism of injury were poor predictors of early blood transfusion. Initial abnormal portable trauma series, HR > 100 beats/min, and GCS < 14 were quickly assessable useful factors for predicting a need for early blood transfusion in blunt trauma patients visiting the emergency room.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.355-364
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• 1995

f-plane 혹은 $\beta$-plane을 갖고 강체 회전중인 균질수에 외부로부터 고밀도의 유체 를 계속 주입시 주입된 고밀도 류의 확장형태와 이와 대응하는 기존의 균질수(상층수) 의 흐름을 관찰하였다. 고밀도류는 주입후 편향력에 의해 서안을 따라 흐르면서 내부 로 침투 확장하여 회전축에 비대칭인 모양을 보인다. 특히 $\beta$-plan에서는 바닥 경사도 의 증가에 따른 압력 경도력의 증가에 의한 서안을 따라 흐르는 속도가 증가되고 결국 편향력의 증가로 서안에서의 폭이 f-plane보다 좁게 나타난다. 그러나 남쪽에 이르러 서는 유입수의 국지적인 두께증가로 인해 확장 속도가 동시에 경계면상에서 의 혼합을 유발시키기도 한다. 유입된 고밀도류의 상층의 와도발생과 관련한 역할은 확장경로상 의 국지적인 지형효과의 유발과 유입으로 인한 상층수의 수직운동, 즉 vortex-tube stretching 효과를 발생시키는 것으로 볼 수 있으나 f-plane의 경우는 후자에 해당하 는 반시계 방향의 축대칭류를 생성시킴으로써 지형효과는 서안 경계층에만 존재하는 것으로 관찰되었으며 이때의 지형효과는 북향의 매우 약한 서안 경계류로 나타나고 있 다. 한편 $\beta$-plan에서 의 유입수의 역할은 실험면적의 동쪽반인 내부흐름에서는 h보다 는 dh/SUB $\beta$/dt의 크기가 우세하여 결국 상대와도의 감소경향인 시계방향의 음의 와 도(negative vorticity)의 발생과 서쪽반에서는 경계면의 경사 (tilting)에 의한 지형 효과가 극대화되어 유입수의 방향과 정반대인 강한 흐름이 나타나고 있다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to show the effects of Samjung-hwan ($S{\={a}}nj{\={i}}ngw{\'{a}}n$) extract on obesity and lipid metabolism of rats fed high fat diet. Methods : Crushed Samjung-hwan($S{\={a}}nj{\={i}}ngw{\'{a}}n$) 245 g was extracted with methyl alcohol. The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 21.8 g. 20 rats were divided into normal, control, and two test groups. For 6 weeks, The normal group rats were supplied with a normal diet. The control group rats were supplied with a high fat diet. The test group 1 rats were supplied with a high fat diet and Samjung-hwan($S{\={a}}nj{\={i}}ngw{\'{a}}n$) extract 250 rug/kg and the test group 2 rats were supplied witha high fat diet and Samjunghwan($S{\={a}}nj{\={i}}ngw{\'{a}}n$) extract 500 mg/kg. Results : 1) The control group rats showed significantly increased weight of peritoneal fat than the nornal group rats. The test group 1 rats did not show significant difference compare to the control group rats, and the test group 2 rats showed significantly decreased weight of peritoneal fat than the control group rats. 2) The control group rats showed significantly increased triglyceride than the nornal group rats. The test group 1 rats showed significantly decreased triglyceride than the control group rats, and the test group 2 rats showed significantly decreased triglyceride than the control group rats. 3) The control group rats showed significantly increased LDL-cholesterol than the nornal group rats. The test group 1 rats showed significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol than the control group rats, and the test group 2 rats did not show significant difference compare to the control group rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that effectiveness of Samjung-hwan($S{\={a}}nj{\={i}}ngw{\'{a}}n$) extract to control the obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism caused by a high fat diet.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2005

Laminariae Thallus has been known to be effective for the treatment of obesity. Te show the effectiveness of Laminariae Thallus in a more scientific way, Laminariae Thallus extract was prepared and evaluated in high fat diet rats by measuring the changes of body weight and lipid metabolism as described briefly below. 200 g of crushed Laminariae Thallus was extracted with methyl alcohol. The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 14.4g. For 10 weeks, control group rat were ingested high fat diet, while the test group rat were fed with a fat diet pius Laminariae Thallus extract. Normal group was fed with normal diet. 150 mg of Laminariae Thallus extract per 1 kg of body weight was added to the diet in a test group rats. Control group rats on a high fat diet gained weight significantly, whereas the test group rats on a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract gained weight less. Significant increase of liver weight caused in a high fat diet was also inhibited by the Laminariae Thallus extract treatment. Total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid and total cholesterol levels of serum in the high fat diet rats were remarkably increased, whereas their levels on a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract were less increased. While serum HDL-cholesterol levels was remarkably decreased in a high fat diet, its level was less decreased in a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract. Furthermore, we observed that the activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase increased in a high fat diet, while their activities in a high fat diet plus Laminariae Thallus extract were getting back nearly to the normal levels of normal diet rats. These result showed that the obesity caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited by a Laminariae Thallus extract. Our results also showed that the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by a high fat diet was effectively cured by adding Laminariae Thallus extract.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.239-240
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• 2012

With advancements in semiconductor device technologies, manufacturing processes are getting more complex and it became more difficult to maintain tighter process control. As the number of processing step increased for fabricating complex chip structure, potential fault inducing factors are prevail and their allowable margins are continuously reduced. Therefore, one of the key to success in semiconductor manufacturing is highly accurate and fast fault detection and classification at each stage to reduce any undesired variation and identify the cause of the fault. Sensors in the equipment are used to monitor the state of the process. The idea is that whenever there is a fault in the process, it appears as some variation in the output from any of the sensors monitoring the process. These sensors may refer to information about pressure, RF power or gas flow and etc. in the equipment. By relating the data from these sensors to the process condition, any abnormality in the process can be identified, but it still holds some degree of certainty. Our hypothesis in this research is to capture the features of equipment condition data from healthy process library. We can use the health data as a reference for upcoming processes and this is made possible by mathematically modeling of the acquired data. In this work we demonstrate the use of recurrent neural network (RNN) has been used. RNN is a dynamic neural network that makes the output as a function of previous inputs. In our case we have etch equipment tool set data, consisting of 22 parameters and 9 runs. This data was first synchronized using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. The synchronized data from the sensors in the form of time series is then provided to RNN which trains and restructures itself according to the input and then predicts a value, one step ahead in time, which depends on the past values of data. Eight runs of process data were used to train the network, while in order to check the performance of the network, one run was used as a test input. Next, a mean squared error based probability generating function was used to assign probability of fault in each parameter by comparing the predicted and actual values of the data. In the future we will make use of the Bayesian Networks to classify the detected faults. Bayesian Networks use directed acyclic graphs that relate different parameters through their conditional dependencies in order to find inference among them. The relationships between parameters from the data will be used to generate the structure of Bayesian Network and then posterior probability of different faults will be calculated using inference algorithms.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 펄프공정으로부터 배출되는 리그닌 추출물 내의 금속이온분리를 위한 연구를 진행하였다. ${\alpha}$-Alumina 분말에 DMAc (N,N-dimethylacetamide) 용매와 PESf (Polyethersulfone) 고분자를 혼합하고 PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) 분산제를 첨가하여 슬립 캐스팅 방법으로 분리막을 제조하였다. 분리막은 CFP (Capillary Flow Porometer) 장치를 통해 기공크기를 측정하고 FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) 장치를 이용하여 실제 분리막 표면과 단면을 관찰하였다. 플럭스는 분리 실험장치를 이용하여 시간당 여과된 무게를 측정하여 계산하였다. 기공크기측정은 0 psi에서 30 psi까지 서서히 증가하는 승압조건에서 진행하였다. 분리막의 기공크기는 $0.4{\mu}m$ 크기를 가지며 플럭스는 분리막의 파울링에 의해 초기 플럭스 값인 $6.36kg{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$에서 $1.98kg{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$으로 감소하여 3시간 이후부터 일정해지는 것을 확인하였다. 투과 실험 후 막 오염물질은 간단한 세척을 통해 제거 가능하였다. 분리실험을 통해 초기 리그닌 추출물 내에 포함되어 있던 Na은 69%만큼 줄었고, Fe은 87%, K은 95%, Ca은 93%, Mg은 96%만큼 제거됨을 보였다.