• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of workers' perceived workload, accident experiences, supervisors' safety leadership, and an organization's safety climate on the cognitive and emotional risk perception. Methods: Six hundred and twenty employees in a variety of manufacturing organizations were asked to complete to a questionnaire. Among them, a total of 376 employees provided valid data for analysis. To test the hypothesis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS program, version 23. Results: The results indicated that workload and accident experiences have a positive influence and safety leadership and safety climate have a negative influence on the cognitive and emotional risk perception. Workload, safety leadership, and the safety climate influence perceived risk more than accident experience, especially for the emotional risk perception. Conclusion: These results indicated that multilevel factors (organization, group, and individual) play a critical role in predicting individual risk perceptions. Based on these results, therefore, to reduce risk perception related with unsafe behaviors and accidents, organizations need to conduct a variety of safety programs that enhance their safety climate beyond simple safety-related education and training. Simultaneously, it needs to seek ways to promote supervisors' safety leadership behaviors (e.g., site visits, feedback, safety communication, etc.). In addition, it is necessary to adjust work speed and amount and allocate task considering employees' skill and ability to reduce the workload for reducing risk perception.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.43-57
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• 2005

Traditionally aircraft had descended in steps to level at the MDA(Minimum Descent Altitude) during the conduct of non-precision approach. This "de-stabilized" method of flying an instrument approach procedure is considered as a major contributing factor in CFIT(Controlled Flight Into Terrain) accident and increasing pilot workload. In the effort to reduce CFIT accident and pilot workload, VNAV(Vertical Navigation) Approach has been suggested as means to manage the vertical component of non-precision approach procedure.[1] But In the actual circumstances in Korea, VNAV has not been using to reduce them because of many restriction facts and no published VNAV chart in particular airport. Therefore we are suggesting Constant Vertical Speed Approach Method, which is required few restriction facts, and the pilots who are using this method will experience a similar method like a Glideslope during proceeding non-precision approach. Consequently, We are expecting to reduce CFIT accidents and pilot workload.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Postural stability can reduce the likelihood of critical slip and fall accidents in workplaces. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of shoes type on the ability of postural control during quiet standing. The effect of workload on the body balance was also of primary concern. Thirteen healthy male undergraduate students participated voluntarily in the experimental study. Standing on a force plate with wearing slippers, sports shoes, or safety shoes, two-axis coordinate on subjects' center of pressures (COP) was obtained in the two levels, rest and workload. For the workload level, subjects performed treadmill exercise to reach the predetermined level of physical workload. By converting the position coordinates of COPs, the postural sway length in both anterior-posterior (AP) axis and medio-lateral (ML) axis was assessed. ANOVA results showed that, in AP direction, wearing slippers significantly increased the postural sway length compared to wearing sports shoes or safety shoes. No significant difference in the mean sway length in AP axis was observed between sports shoes and safety shoes. In ML direction, both the workload and the shoes type did not significantly affect the mean length of postural sway. However, the postural sway length increased marginally with the slippers especially during the workload condition. This study explains wearing slippers may interfere with the ability of postural control during quiet standing. Physical workload decreases the ability of postural stability further.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.66-70
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• 2013

This study examined the relative effects of education and eco-IVIS(in-vehicle information system) to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Also the study investigated the increasing of driving workload when drivers interact with intervention technique. Thirty participants randomly assigned into two groups(training and eco-IVIS) and conducted driving before and after the each intervention technique. While driving, we observed three driving behaviors: Frequency of excessive RPM, percent of speeding, and mean fuel efficiency. Also the Driver Activity Load Index was used to rate participants' subjective ratings of driving workload. Although the results showed positive impact of both education and eco-IVIS to increasing the eco-driving behaviors, eco-IVIS was more effective than education. However, we found comparable level of driving workload in the education and eco-IVIS.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.222-228
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• 2003

Computer-dominated jobs and industrial automation have rapidly created work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and WMSDs are also founded in employees of other general industries. WMSDs has been growing problems for Korean industries with higher incidence rate every year. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of the neck muscle workload according to postures(joint angle) and load weights. Seven male students participated in this study. Neck workload was rated on each person using a Borg's CR-10 scale. ANOVA showed that the CR-10 ratings were statistically significant according to postures and load weights. To reduce the large number and severity of WMSDs, which employees have been experiencing, we need to redesign the job in workplace so that we can control hazards that are reasonably likely to be causing or contributing to the WMSDs. The results of this study can be used to establish the safety criteria of joint angle and weight of neck workload.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2013

Objective: In this study, virtual reality was adopted to consider ergonomic factors in yacht design. Virtual human which is the same actual human was created in virtual environment using Digital Human Modeling which has been used in the manufacturing communities to design better workplaces and maximize the safety of workers. Background: During the past 40 years yachting has expanded from being, generally speaking, a minority sport - too expensive for the large majority of people - into a major recreational activity practiced by millions all over the world. Many new yacht designs have appeared and number of professional, as well as amateur designers has increased steadily. But they had not considered ergonomic factors in yacht design. Method: Worker's posture, traffic line and workload had been analyzed in sailing yacht. After the caution level was evaluated, we pointed out clues which had high workload and interference. To reduce workload, we applied ergonomic principles for improving working conditions and environments in Digital Human Model. Results: We found the space problems and workload of postures. Conclusion: (1) Unnatural posture of crews was sustained. (2) Workload that occurs in the human body was overloaded. (3) Crew's work space was very narrow. Application: This study will be applied the new ergonomic design of yacht.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a farming shovel to reduce workload, which helps farmers lower the risk of musculoskeletal disease. Background: Most of work using farming tools including shovels requires repetitive works and awkward postures on body parts, and it could possibly cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders. It is necessary to develop and distribute farm equipment and tools in order to reduce physical workload. Method: To improve the most uncomfortable task perceived by ten farmers during the work with a shovel, the improved shovel was designed and made as a prototype for experiment for the comparison of the existing and improved shovels. Twenty males were recruited for this experiment, and muscle activity (%MVC) of six body parts and subjective discomfort ratings by body parts while working with a shovel were measured. A paired t-test was performed to compare physical workload between the existing shovel and the developed one. Results: A shovel applying foothold tied between shaft and blade was designed, which can help workers reduce repetitive bending of back and pressures for upper limbs while digging soil. According to compared evaluation of the developed shovel and the existing shovel, the developed shovel's %MVCs in all experimental muscles were significantly lower than those of the existing shovel. The developed shovel showed the biggest drop in perceived subjective discomfort rating of back, followed by arm and neck, compared to the existing shovel. Conclusion: It was confirmed that attaching a foothold to a shovel was an effective way of reducing workload in back and upper limbs during digging. Application: In the near future, if we put the prototype of developed shovel to practical use after making up for defects, it will help farm work environment be healthier and safer.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

Background: As health care workers face a wide range of psychosocial stressors, they are at a high risk of developing burnout syndrome, which in turn may affect hospital outcomes such as the quality and safety of provided care. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of job control on the relationship between workload and burnout. Methods: A total of 352 hospital workers from five Italian public hospitals completed a self-administered questionnaire that was used to measure exhaustion, cynicism, job control, and workload. Data were collected in 2013. Results: In contrast to previous studies, the results of this study supported the moderation effect of job control on the relationship between workload and exhaustion. Furthermore, the results found support for the sequential link from exhaustion to cynicism. Conclusion: This study showed the importance for hospital managers to carry out management practices that promote job control and provide employees with job resources, in order to reduce the burnout risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.148-153
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• 2005

Computer dominated jobs and industrial automation have rapidly created work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and WMSDS are expanding to employee of other general industry. Specific risk factors associated with WMSDs include repetitive motion, heavy lifting, forceful exertion, contact stress, vibration awkward posture and rapid hand and wrist movement. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the neck muscle workload according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. Seven male students participated in this study. To analyze neck muscle workload was studied on electromyographic(EMG) activity for sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, was subjectively rated using a Borg's CR-10 scale. ANOVA showed that the CR-10 ratings and most EMG root-mean-square (RMS) value were statistically significant improvement according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. The results of this study indicate the joint angle and weight of neck muscle workload to provide safe working conditions. To reduce the large number and severity of WMSDs employees have been experiencing, we need to redesign the job in workplace to identify and control hazards that are reasonably likely to be causing or contributing to the WMSDs.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2002

Virtual hosting is a typical service to connect each directory of site and domain name. If traffic amounts may increase at one site present in the server, then it affects traffic amounts of other sites as well (including the sites which have flew requests). To overcome this problem, we suggest a simple feedback-control concept for the system by periodically monitoring the traffic and properly actuating traffic dispersions by investigating the log file. Specifically, large files are to be served in a backup server (to reduce the workload of the main server) by changing their own URL's in html format. In other words, it automatically redistributes the workload by using the URL. Furthermore, we also use the redirecting method by just adding html tags to html header. This method efficiently handles the workload and maintains the capability of the server effectively to the varying workload.