• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2008

Soybean powder is a readily available ingredient that is consumed daily as a functional food material. Furthermore, red Ginseng is an herb with various physiological effects. Therefore, in this study, we examined the physiochemical characteristics of Soybean Dasik samples prepared with different amounts of added red Ginseng gel, including Hunter's color values, mechanical characteristics, and sensory qualities. The results of each analysis are as follows. For the soybean Dasik stored at room temperature($20^{\circ}C$), luminance was reduced as the amount of added red Ginseng gel increased. In addition, Hunter's a and b values were significantly higher in Dasik samples that did not contain red Ginseng gel, as compared to those with increasing red Ginseng gel content. The mechanical properties of the Dasik were also measured at room temperature showing significant differences between samples(p<0.001) for hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. In the sensory evaluation, 3 rounds of testing indicated that sweetness acceptance scores were significantly reduced(p<0.001) as the amount of added red Ginseng gel in the Dasik increased. Finally, overall quality was significantly different between the samples(p<0.001) and acceptance scores increased with increasing red Ginseng gel content.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 1995

Water-soluble browning pigments were artily purified from Korean red ginseng through the several procedures such as fractionation by n-butanol, precipitation by ethanol, dialysis and gel filtration. At least four kinds of water-soluble browning pigment were separated from each other, two kinds of low-molecular-weight and two kinds of high-molecular-weight pigments.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2020

Background: In aged skin, degradation of collagen fibers, which occupy the majority of the extracellular matrix in the dermis, and changes of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and skin constituents, such as hyaluronic acid and ceramide, cause wrinkles and decrease skin moisturization to contribute to dryness and lower elasticity skin. Red ginseng (RG) is used as a cosmetic and food material and is known to protect from UVB-induced cell death, increase skin hydration, prevent wrinkles, and have an antioxidative effect. But, in general, RG used as a material is the soluble liquid portion in the solvent, and the part that is not soluble in the solvent is discarded. Thus, we made the whole RG into microgranulation and dispersed in water to produce gel form for using entire RG, and it was named red ginseng NaturalGEL (RG NGEL). Methods: RG NGEL was investigated for matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory activity, induction of Type I collagen, AQP3, hyaluronan synthetase 2, serine palmitoyl transferase, ceramide synthase 3, and filaggrin expression and compared with RG water extract. Results: RG NGEL reduced the levels of UV-induced matrix metalloproteinases and increased Type I collagen in human fibroblast cells and upregulated AQP3, hyaluronan synthetase 2, serine palmitoyl transferase, ceramide synthase 3, and filaggrin expressions in human keratinocytes compared with RG water extract. Conclusion: RG NGEL has the potential as an effective reagent for antiaging cosmetics to improve wrinkle formation and skin hydration.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1980년도 학술대회지
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• pp.53-57
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• 1980

Red ginseng powder was administered at a dose of 2.7 g per day for 3 months to 21 diabetic patients who were under the treatment with insulin. It was found that the ginseng powder was effective to 12 patients and ineffective to 9 patients. Based on these clinical results, experiments were carried out to elucidate factors which concerned with improvement of pathological conditions of diabetes mellitus. In the previous symposium, we reported that red ginseng powder contained an anti-lipolytic peptide, or an insulin-like peptide. In the course of purification of the insulin-like peptide in the ginseng, we found another fraction which possessed anti-lipolytic activity. The anti-lipolytic factor of the fraction was purified by gel filtration on Bio Gel P-2 column and Dowex $50W{\times}4$ column chromatography. The character of the finally purified material was examined by thin-layer chromatography, high-speed liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. With these examinations, the active principle was indentified to be adenosine. Pharmacological significance of these insulin-like substances, the peptide and adenosine, was discussed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy and has often ended up with termination of the therapy. The aim of this study was to identify any fractions of Korean red ginseng that would be effective in modulating for MDR. Although ginsenosides have been reviewed as possible MDR modulators, the MDR modulation activity of the other component is unknown. Therefore, a red ginseng was extracted with methanol, ether, ethylacetate, and n-butanol, followed by several fractionations by silica gel chromatography. And the activity of MDR modulating for these fractions was examined via sulforrhodamine B assay. We have found that several ether fractions, as nonsaponin components are effective on MDR modulation. We have expect that these results helpful to improvement of cancer chemotherapy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.145-252
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• 1987

Isolated rat adipocytes are well known to possess opposite pathways of lipid metabolism: lipolysis and ipogenesis. Both of the metabolism respond to various biologically active substances such as epinephrine, ACTH and insulin. Epinephrine and ACTH stimulate lipolysis and insulin accelerates lipogenesis. Recently, Korean red ginseng powder was found to contain adenosine and an acidic poptide which inhibited epinephrine-induced lipolysis and sl imulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis from added glucose. The acidic peptide is consisted mainly of glutamic acid and glucose. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Re inhibited ACTH-induced lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes, while they did not affect insulinstimulated lipogenesis, Thus, all these substances extracted from Korean red ginseng exhibited selective modulations toward the opposite metabolic pathways in rat adipocyte; They inhibited the lipolysis but not the lipogenesis. We call these substances"selective modulators". Recently, we isolated a toxic substance named "toxohormone-L " from ascites fluid of patients with various malignant tumors. The toxohormone-L stimulated lipolysis in rat adipocytes and induced anorexia in rats. Both the lipolytic and the anorexigenic actions of toxohormone-L were found to be inhibited by ginsenoside Rb2 in Korean red ginseng. Based on these results, physiological signifi¬cances of these substances in Korean red ginseng were discussed. Pan ax ginseng is a medicinal plant long used in treatment of various pathological states including general complaints such as head ache, shoulder ache, chilly constitution and anorexia in cancer patients, There have been many pharmacological studies on Panax ginseng roots. Petkovllreported that oral administration of an aqueous alcoholic extract of ginseng roots decreased the blood sugar levtl of rabbits. Saito2lreported that Panax ginseng suppressed hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine and high carbohydrate diets. These findings suggest that Panax ginseng roots contain insulin-like substances. Previously, we demonstrated that gin¬seng roots contain an insulin-like peptide which inhibits epinephrine-induced lipolysis and stimulated insulin-mediated lipogenesis. In 1984, we suggested that such an insulin-like substance should be called a selective modulator4). Present investigation describes the details of the selective modulators in ginseng roots. During progressive weight loss in patients with various neoplastic disease, depletion of fat stores have been observed. The depletion of body fat during growth of neoplasms is associated with increase in plasma free fatty acids. Recently, we found that the ascites fluid from patients with hepatoma or ovarian tumor and the pleural fluid from patients with malignant lymphoma elicited fatty acid release in slices of rat adipose tissue in vitro. The lipolytic factor, named"toxohormone-L". was purifed from the ascites fluid of patients with hepatoma. The isolated preparation gave a single band on both disc gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol. Its molecular weight was determined to be 70,000-75,000 and 65,000 by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation, respectively. Injection of toxohormone-L into the lateral ventricle of rats significantly suppressed food and water intakes. There was at least 5 hr delay between its injection and appearance of its suppressive effect. In the present study, we also tried to find a inhibitory substance toward toxohormone-L from root powder of ginseng.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.280-282
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• 1997

A genuine dammarane-glycoside, named as ginsenoside $ Rs_3$, was isolated from the MeOH extracts of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) through repeated silica gel column chromatographies and its chemical structure was determined as (20S)-protopanaxadiol $3-O-[6^{11}-O-acetyl-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl (1{\rightarrow2)-{\beta}-D-$glucopyranoside on the basis of several spectral and physical evidences including HMBC and FAB-MS.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.266-276
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• 2002

A red ginseng acidic polysaccharide(RGAP) with immunomodulating antitumor activities was isolated from Korean red ginseng, The molecular weight of RGAP was estimated to be 12-450 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, RGAP was found to increase survival rate and to inhibit of tumor growth significantly in a dose dependent manner in mice transplanted with tumor cells. RGAP significantly promoted nitric oxide(NO) production from peritoneal macrophages bothin vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis exhibited a newly synthesized inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein band in the RGAP treated group. It seems likely that immunomodulating antitumor activities of RGAP are mainly mediated by NO production of macrophage. RGAP was further purified by ultrafiltration and anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-sepharose, followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 to give an active fraction(GFP) with stronger NO production in murine macrophages. GFP increased survival rate ten times compared to RGAP in male ICR mice transplanted with sarcoma 180 and also showed more potent tumoricidal activities of natural killer cells than RGAP. Sugar $composition(mol\%)$ of GFP was found to be arabinose:rhamnose:xylose:galacturonic acid:mannose:galactose:glucose(10:9:1:25:8:20:27) by GC/MS. The results suggest that clinical trials of RGAP in immunotherapy against cancer are highly feasible.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2004

홍삼 물 추출물이 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 먼저 홍삼분말에 methyl alcohol을 가하여 지용성 성분과 사포닌 성분을 추출하여 제거하였다. 그 잔사에 정제수를 가하여 추출한 뒤 추출물을 제조하였고, 투석막을 이용하여 분자량 크기별로 분획한 뒤 trypsin의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 몇 가지 분획 중에서 분자량 1,000∼12,000 사이의 분획이 trypsin 활성을 가장 강하게 증가시켰다. 분자량 1,000∼12,000 사이의 분획을 여러 가지 농도별로 첨가하여 trypsin 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 2.9${\times}$$10^{-3}$%에서 15% 정도 촉진되었으며, 농도가 높아질수록 trypsin 활성도 증가하여 9${\times}$$10^{-2}$%에서 최고의 활성을 보이다가 그 이상의 농도에서는 감소하였다. Trypsin의 casein 분해에 있어서 물 추출물은 Km 값을 낮게하고 Vmax 값은 증가기켰다. 물 추출물을 부분 정제하여 몇 가지 특성을 조사한 겨로가 ninhydrin, DNS 및 Folin시약에 양성반응을 나타내는 것으로 보아 함질소 화합물이라고 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 1990

As a part of studies on the quality control of crude drug preparation drinks, ginseng saponins were identified by HPLC. Ginsenoside-Rb1 was determined quantitatively by HPLC. Ginsenoside MeOH/H2O(65:35:10, v/v) on Si-gel plate. Ginsenoside-Rb1 content determined by HPLC on Lichrosorbtract drinks was 57.5-70.4% compared to the content in the red ginseng extract.