• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2002

This study examined the muscle recruitment order during extension of the hip joint in normal subjects, and evaluated whether the external support obtained from wearing a lumbosacral corset had an effect on muscle recruitment leading to increased lumbar stability. The subjects were 40 normal adults (32 male, 8 female) with no history of low back pain and no pathological findings in the nervous or musculoskeletal systems. All subjects extended their hip joints under 3 positions (prone, sidelying, standing). During extension, the onsets of contraction of the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles were measured. Electromyographic activity was measured using a surface electrode, and the muscle contraction onset time was designated as the point exceeding a threshold of 25 ms, using a mean plus twice of the standard deviation. To compare the average order of muscle contraction onset time, a Freedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks was used. The relative difference between muscle contraction onset time wearing and not wearing a lumbosacral corset was measured using a paired t-test. A difference in the average muscle contraction onset order for the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus muscles was observed (p<.05) among three positions. However, wearing a lumbosacral corset did not. change the contraction order. In addition, wearing a lumbosacral corset produced a significant difference (p<.05) in the relative onset time between the rectus abdominis and gluteus maximus in the standing position, but no difference was observed for the other muscles or positions. In the future, patients suffering from low back pain should be compared with normal subjects to determine the effectiveness of a lumbosacral corset in changing muscle recruitment order.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2012

In order to know the effect of pre-existing Trichinella spiralis infection on experimentally induced intestinal inflammation and immune responses, we induced colitis in T. spiralis-infected mice and observed the severity of colitis and the levels of Th1, Th2, and regulatory cytokines and recruitment of $CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+$ T (regulatory T; $T_{reg}$) cells. Female C57BL/6 mice were infected with 250 muscle larvae; after 4 weeks, induction of experimental colitis was performed using 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). During the induction period, we observed severity of colitis, including weight loss and status of stool, and evaluated the disease activity index (DAI). A significantly low DAI and degree of weight loss were observed in infected mice, compared with uninfected mice. In addition, colon length in infected mice was not contracted, compared with uninfected mice. We also observed a significant increase in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$, in spleen lymphocytes treated with DSS; however, such an increase was not observed in infected mice treated with DSS. Of particular interest, production of regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$, in spleen lymphocytes showed a significant increase in mice infected with T. spiralis. A similar result was observed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Subsets of the population of $T_{reg}$ cells in MLN and spleen showed significant increases in mice infected with T. spiralis. In conclusion, T. spiralis infection can inhibit the DSS-induced colitis in mice by enhancing the regulatory cytokine and $T_{reg}$ cells recruitment.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is commonly associated with transcriptional repression. However, there is also evidence for a function in transcriptional activation. Previous studies have demonstrated a fundamental role of deacetylase activity in $IFN{\alpha}$-responsive gene transcription. In the case of type II IFN ($IFN{\gamma}$) results are controversial: some genes require HDAC activity, while transcription of others is repressed by HDAC. To investigate the effect of HDAC on transcription of an $IFN{\gamma}$-activated gene, real-time PCR was used to measure CXCL10 mRNA in Hela cells stimulated with $IFN{\gamma}$ in the presence or absence of the HDAC inhibitor TSA. Chromatin imunoprecipitation combined with real-time PCR was used to check acetylation of histone H4 and recruitment of the STAT1 complex to the ISRE locus of the CXCL10 gene. Activation of CXCL10 transcription in response to $IFN{\gamma}$ was paralleled by a decrease in histone H4 acetylation and an increase in recruitment of the STAT1 complex to the CXCL10 ISRE locus. The transcription of CXCL10 and histone H4 deacetylation were blocked by TSA, but the latter had no obvious affect on recruitment of the STAT1 complex. Our data indicate that $IFN{\gamma}$ and STAT-dependent gene transcription requires the participation of HDAC, as does the $IFN{\alpha}$-STAT pathway.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2018

Background: Despite muscle latency times and patterns were used as broad examination tools to diagnose disease and recovery, previous studies have not compared the dominant arm to the non-dominant arm in muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. Objects: The present study aimed to investigate dominant and non-dominant hand differences in muscle latency time and recruitment pattern during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. In addition, by manipulating the speed of movement, we examined the effect of movement speed on neuromuscular control of both right and left hands. Methods: A total of 28 right-handed (measured by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) healthy subjects were recruited. We recorded surface electromyography muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns of four upper extremity muscles (i.e., anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum) from each left and right arm. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to detect differences between hands, reaching and reach-to-grasp, and the fast and preferred speed conditions. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle latency time between dominant and non-dominant hands or reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p>.05). However, there was a significantly longer muscle latency time in the preferred speed condition than the fast speed condition on both reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings showed similar muscle latency time and muscle activation patterns with respect to movement speeds and tasks. Our findings hope to provide normative muscle physiology data for both right and left hands, thus aiding the understanding of the abnormal movements from patients and to develop appropriate rehabilitation strategies specific to dominant and non-dominant hands.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명시대를 맞이하여 기업의 채용변화에 따른 광고학 교육의 혁신 과제를 알아보기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 종합광고대행사와 디지털광고대행사의 실무자를 대상으로 4차 산업혁명이 가져오는 광고산업의 인력양성과 실무교육에 대한 연구를 위하여 초점집단면접방법으로 데이터를 수집하였다. 연구결과, 국내 대학 광고학 전공 교과과정은 전통 매체 시대의 교과과정을 유지하고 있으며, 4차 산업혁명 시대의 광고환경에 적합한 혁신적 교과목 개정이 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업의 새로운 채용방식에 적합한 진로교육도 준비되지 못한 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 근거로 광고학 전공 교과목의 혁신 방안을 제안하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제56호
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• pp.55-81
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 민간경비업에서 내적 역량에 비해 급격한 외적 성장으로 야기된 성장통을 해소하는 적극적인 활동을 인사업무에서 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국가직무능력표준(NCS)에서 제시하고 있는 인사업무를 민간경비 인사업무에 적용하여 계층구조분석(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)을 통해 상대적인 중요도를 면밀하게 분석하였다. 도출한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 민간경비 인사업무의 대분류 구성요소의 중요도 순위는 모집단계, 운용단계, 복지단계, 퇴직단계 순으로 나타났다. 모집단계의 상대적 중요도가 63.8%에 이르렀다. 둘째, 대분류를 다시 14개 능력단위를 중분류로, 그리고 능력단위요소 46개를 소분류로 구분하여 복합중요도를 산출하였다. 그 결과, 모집단계의 인사기획과 인력채용이 가장 집중해야할 분야로 선정되었다. 또한 교육과정 기획하기와 교육과정 운영하기가 각각 8위와 10위에 해당하여, 교육훈련의 운영에도 역량을 집중할 필요성이 제기되었다. 연구 결과를 토대로 민간경비업의 발전을 위해 인사업무 중 역량을 집중해야 할 분야를 제언하였고, 후속연구를 위한 연구방향과 기법도 제안하였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2019

이 연구에서는 임용시험에서의 실패와 성공을 경험한 특수교사들의 임용시험 실패 요인과 성공 요인이 무엇인지를 탐구하였다. 24명의 특수교사들과 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였으며, 면담 자료의 연속적 비교 분석을 통해 12개의 의미 있는 주제를 추출하였다. 연구 결과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특수교사들은 임용시험 실패 요인을 남 따라 하기식의 공부, 실패를 부르는 공부전략, 무조건 달달 외우기, 비효율적인 스터디, 불안함과 자신감 부족, 내가 나를 관리하지 못함에 두었다. 둘째, 특수교사들은 임용시험 성공 요인을 자신만의 공부 스타일, 올바른 공부전략, 이해와 암기의 조화, 모두가 득이 되는 스터디, 긍정적인 마음가짐, 무너지지 않는 자신만의 루틴에서 찾았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 임용시험 준비과정에서 실제적으로 활용하는 방안을 제언하였다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2021

Purpose: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the disadvantages of tire pressure asymmetry of a wheelchair tire and recommend the criterion for appropriate tire pressure without generating negative changes in the musculoskeletal system in asymptomatic participants. Methods: Fourteen asymptomatic participants were asked to sit in pressure-controlled wheelchairs and perform desk work for 20 minutes in each tire condition. The asymmetry of the tire conditions was set as 0% difference, 25% difference, and 50% difference from the recommended pressure. The pelvic alignment and muscular recruitment represented as a flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) were measured at pre-test, and after each condition of desk work. The displacement of the center of pressure (COP) was measured during the desk work. Results: The tire air pressure condition significantly affected the FRR and COP (P < 0.05). Both sides of the FRR values were significantly higher under the symmetrical tire conditions (0% difference) and pre-test, compared with the asymmetrical tire condition of 50% difference (P < 0.05). The mediolateral COP displacement of the asymmetrical tire conditions (25% and 50% difference) was significantly higher than that of the symmetrical tire conditions (0%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Asymmetrical tire conditions could cause changes in the muscle recruitment pattern of the erector spine and mediolateral COP displacement. Tire pressure asymmetry higher than 50% could be a risk factor for prevalence of back pain, so this level of asymmetry in tire pressures should be cautioned against for wheelchair users.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.49.1-49.15
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• 2020

C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) regulates the trafficking of various immune cells to sites of infection. In this study, we showed that expression of CCR5 and its ligands was rapidly increased in the kidney after systemic Candida albicans infection, and infected CCR5^-/- mice exhibited increased mortality and morbidity, indicating that CCR5 contributes to an effective defense mechanism against systemic C. albicans infection. The susceptibility of CCR5^-/- mice to C. albicans infection was due to impaired fungal clearance, which in turn resulted in exacerbated renal inflammation and damage. CCR5-mediated recruitment of NK cells to the kidney in response to C. albicans infection was necessary for the anti-microbial activity of neutrophils, the main fungicidal effector cells. Mechanistically, C. albicans induced expression of IL-23 by CD11c⁺ dendritic cells (DCs). IL-23 in turn augmented the fungicidal activity of neutrophils through GM-CSF production by NK cells. As GM-CSF potentiated production of IL-23 in response to C. albicans, a positive feedback loop formed between NK cells and DCs seemed to function as an amplification point for host defense. Taken together, our results suggest that CCR5-mediated recruitment of NK cells to the site of fungal infection is an important step that underlies innate resistance to systemic C. albicans infection.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2020

본 연구는 기업의 채용선호도는 창업경험자와 일반 구직자 간의 차이 없이 입사가 이루어질 수 있을지에 대한 의문에서 시작하게 되었다. 따라서 연구의 목적은 첫째 구직자에 대한 기업의 채용선호도에 영향을 미치는 창업 관련 요인을 확인하고. 둘째 일반 구직자와 창업경험이 있는 구직자 간의 창업 관련 요인의 차이를 분석하고. 셋째 창업경험 구직자와 일반 구직자 간의 채용선호도 차이를 보기 위함이다. 연구모형의 독립변수는 기업가정신, 창업동기, 구직자특성으로 하고 종속변수로는 채용선호도로 설정하였으며, 조절변수로는 구직자 구분(창업경험자 vs 일반구직자)으로 제시하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 설립 연도 5년 이상의 기업 100개, 설립년수 5년 미만의 신생기업 100개의 인사담당자이며 설문지는 총 두 종류로 배포되어 최종적으로 101명, 일반 구직자 88명 총 189명의 응답자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째 창업경험자와 일반구직자 모두를 대상으로 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 기업가정신만이 채용선호도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 구직자 구분의 조절효과는 창업동기와 채용선호도 간의 관계에서만 발견되었다. 셋째, 창업경험자를 기준으로 한 다중회귀분석 결과는 창업동기와 채용선호도와 창업자 특성과 채용선호도의 관계가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 반면 창업자 특성과 채용선호도는 기각되었다. 넷째, 일반구직자를 기준으로 한 연구결과에서는 구직동기가 오히려 채용선호도를 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 한계는 적은 표본과 다양한 업종과 전통적 기업과 벤처기업의 인식차이 결과는 제시하지 못하였다. 또한, 창업경험자에 대해 명확한 정의를 하지 않았다는 점이다. 하지만 창업경험자가 창업을 접고 자신의 진로를 취업으로 전환하였을 때 어떠한 준비를 하면 되는지에 대하 시사점과 기업가정신의 중요성과 일반 구직자들도 기업이 선호하는 채용선호도 무엇인지 정확히 인지하고 성공적인 취업을 준비할 수 있게 도움을 주고 앞으로의 창업 활성화의 방향에 시사점을 제시한 데 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.