• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of task-oriented training and virtual reality training on upper extremity function, balance ability, depression in stroke patients. METHODS: Forty stroke patients were randomly allocated into a task oriented training group (TTG, n = 20), a virtual reality training group (VRG, n = 20). Both groups received the usual physical therapy. In addition, TTG patients underwent task training such as sweeping the table, cup stacking, carrying wood block. VRG patients underwent virtual reality training using X-box kinect. Both groups received 30 minutes of training per day, five times per week, for twelve weeks. RESULTS: After intervention, both groups showed significant improvement on upper extremity function, balance ability, and depression. VRG showed more improvement on upper extremity function, balance ability, and depression than TTG. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, task-oriented training and virtual reality training are feasible and suitable for stroke patients. And virtual reality training is more effective method than task oriented training.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.207-220
• /
• 2013

For video reality improvement, there has been much advancement in the methods of providing visual, auditory, and tactile information. On the other hand, there is little research on olfaction for video reality because it is difficult to define and knotty to manipulate. As a first step for video reality improvement using olfactory information, this research investigated users' acceptability of smell when they watch videos of various kinds and then classified the video clips based on their acceptability of different criteria. To do so, we first selected three questions of whether the scene in the video appears to have an odor (odor presence), whether a matching odor is likely to improve a sense of reality (effect on sense of reality), and whether s/he would like a matching odor to be present (preference for the matching odor). Then after collecting 51 video clips of various genres that would receive either high or low ratings for the questions above, we had participants to watch the videos and rate them for the above three questions on 7-point scale. For video classification, we paired each two questions to construct 2D space to draw scatterplot of video clips where the scales of the two questions represent X or Y axis. Clusters of video clips that locate at different quadrants of the 2D space would provide important insights in providing olfactory information for video reality improvement.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2015

Technologies for video reality (e.g., 3D displays, vibration, surround sound, etc.) utilize various sensory input and many of them are now commercialized. However, when it comes to the use of olfaction for video reality, there has not been much progress in both practical and academic respects. Because olfactory sense is tightly associated with human emotion, proper use of this sense is expected to help to achieve a high degree of video reality. This research tested the effects of a video's color-temperature related scent on reality improvement when the video does not have apparent object (e.g., coffee, flower, etc.) which suggest specific smell. To this end, we had participants to rate 48 scents based on a color-temperature scale of 1,500K (warm)-15,000K (cold) and chose 8 scents (4 warm scents, 4 cold scents) which showed clear correspondence with warm or cold color-temperatures (Expt. 1). And then after applying warm (3,000K), neutral (6,500K), or cold (14,000K) color-temperatures to images or videos, we presented warm or cold scents to participants while they rate reality improvement on a 7-point scale depending on relatedness of scent vs. color-temperature (related, unrelated, neutral) (Expts. 2-3). The results showed that participants experienced greater reality when scent and color-temperature was related than when they were unrelated or neutral. This research has important practical implications in demonstrating the possibility that provision of color-temperature related scent improves video reality even when there are no concrete objects that suggest specific olfactory information.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2019

This is an integrative review paper of Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR) simulation programs in the mental health area including the analysis of the general characteristics, contents, and the impact of the interventions studies. The keywords used to search the studies were "AR/VR" and "medical/nursing students". The author and a postdoctoral research fellow searched four electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, EmBase, and CINHA, and as a result nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the selected studies AR/VR simulation programs in the mental health area for healthcare professionals were found to be effective in clinical skills as well as for the interpersonal relationship and the stigma of mentally ill patients. Providing an opportunity to experience a safe and effective tool is important when educating health professionals and AR/VR simulation programs are safe and effective. Thus, standardized AR/VR simulation programs are needed to be developed for health professionals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of virtual reality-based continuous slow exercise on muscle strength and dynamic balance capacity, in older adults over 65 years of age. Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were randomly divided into two groups; a Virtual Reality (VR) exercise-group ($67.8{\pm}4.1$ yrs) and a Control group ($65.5{\pm}5.2$ yrs). The VR group participated in eight weeks of virtual reality exercise, utilizing modified Tai-Chi provided by a motion capture system, and the Control group had no intervention. The hip muscle strength and dynamic balance of the members of both the VR group and the Control group were measured at pre- and post-intervention, using a multimodal dynamometer, and backward stepping test, respectively. Results: 1. After the 8-week VR-based exercise, the VR group showed significant improvement of hip strength, compared to the control group: hip extension (p=0.00), flexion (p=0.00), abduction (p=0.00), and adduction (p=0.00). 2. After the 8-week VR-based exercise, the VR group showed significant improvement of dynamic balance capacity as ground reaction force, compared to the control group. Eyes opened backward stepping test: Fx (+) (p=0.00), Fy (-) (p=0.02), Ver (+) (p=0.02) direction. Eyes closed backward stepping test: Fx (+) (p=0.04), Fy (-) (p=0.04), Ver (+) (p=0.03) direction. Conclusion: The VR group showed improvement of their hip muscle strength, and dynamic balance capacity. Therefore VR-based continuous slow exercise would contribute to reducing the risk of falls in the elderly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.3-16
• /
• 2015

Will orange scent enhance video reality if it is presented with a video which vividly illustrates orange juice? Or, will romantic scent improve video reality if it is presented along with a date scene? Whereas the former is related to reality improvement when concrete objects or places are present in a video, the latter is related to a case when they are absent. This paper reviews previous research which tested diverse videos and scents in order to answer the above two different questions, and discusses implications, limitations, and future research directions. In particular, this paper focuses on measurement methods and results regarding acceptability of olfactory information, perception of scent similarity, olfactory vividness and video reality, matching between scent vs. color (or color temperature), and description of various scents using emotional adjectives. We expect this paper to help researchers or engineers who are interested in using scents for video reality.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Gait and cognitive impairment in stroke patients exacerbate fall risk and mobility difficulties during multi-task walking. Virtual reality can provide interesting and challenging training in a community setting. This study evaluated the effect of community-based virtual reality gait training (VRGT) using a 360-degree image on the gait ability of chronic stroke patients. Methods: Forty-five chronic stroke patients who were admitted to a rehabilitation hospital participated in this study. Patients meeting the selection criteria were randomly divided into a VRGT group (n=23) and a control group (n=22). Both these groups received general rehabilitation. The VRGT group was evaluated using a 360-degree image that was recorded for 50 minutes a day, 5 days per week for a total of 6 weeks after their training. The control group received general treadmill training for the same amount of time as that of the VRGT group. The improvement in the spatiotemporal parameters of gait was evaluated using a gait analyzer system before and after training. Results: The spatiotemporal gait parameters showed significant improvements in both groups compare with the baseline measurements (p<0.05), and the VRGT group showed more improvement than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Community-based VRGT has been shown to improve the walking ability of chronic stroke patients and is expected to be used in rehabilitation of stroke patients in the future.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.493-499
• /
• 2023

This study developed education contents of measuring spatial dose with virtual reality simulation and applied to students majoring radiological science. The virtual reality(VR) contents with measuring spatial dose rate in the radiation controlled area was developed based on the simulation from pilot study. In this simulation, the tube voltage and tube current can be set from 60 to 120 kVp in 10 kVp steps and 10 to 40 mAs in 10 mAs increments, and the distance from source can be set from 30 to 400 cm continuously. Iron and lead shields can be placed between the source and the detector, and shielding thickness can be set by 1 mm increments ranging from 1 to 20 mm. We surveyed to students for evaluating improvement of understanding spatial dose rate between before and after education by VR simulation. The survey was conducted with 5 questions(X-ray exposure factors, effects by distance from the source, effects from using shield, depending on material and thickness of shield, concept and measuring of spatial dose rate) and all answers showed significant improvement. Therefore, this VR simulation content will be well used in education for spatial dose rate and radiation safety environments.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of virtual reality and Schroth breathing exercises on the lung function characteristics of normal adults in their 20s. Methods: The subjects were randomly divided into groups with ten people each in the experimental groups, namely the virtual reality breathing exercise group (BBEG) and the Schroth breathing exercise group (SBEG), and the control group. The experimental groups performed each breathing exercise for 4 weeks. Subsequently, pulmonary function test indicators such as the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were measured. Results: In the within-group comparison of the subjects before and after the exercises, there was a significant difference in the FVC and FEV1 (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in FEV1/FVC. The result of the difference test between groups showed that there was a significant difference in FEV1/FVC after exercise (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the remaining items (p>0.05). Conclusion: Improvement in lung function was seen in both exercise groups, and the changes in FEV1/FVC indicated significant improvement in the lung function of the experimental groups compared to the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of posture improvement exercise using virtual reality programs on the posture and balance of patients with forward head postures. METHODS: Thirty men and women in their 20 s, who had a forward head posture, were divided randomly into a group with posture correction exercise and a group with posture correction exercise combined with virtual reality programs. The posture correction exercise was composed of squats, XCO training, and chin-tuck exercise. In contrast, exercise with virtual reality games involved the Hot Squat, Climbey, and Baskhead programs while wearing a headset. Both groups performed the exercises 15 min a day, three times per week, for four weeks. The balance ability, distance between the acromion and earlobe, and neck joint range of motion were assessed before and after the exercises. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant reductions in the distance between the acromion and the earlobe, along with significant improvements in the range of joint motion. The group that performed the virtual reality exercises showed a significant increase in the limit of stability. Both groups showed a significant decrease in the sway length. In contrast, the group given the virtual reality exercises showed a significant reduction in the sway speed while standing with their eyes closed. CONCLUSION: Exercise applying virtual reality programs can be used in clinical and home programs to correct the postures of individuals with a forward head posture because they can trigger interest in inducing active participation.