• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2008

기존의 얼굴 검출 방법은 프레임 간의 차를 이용하여 움직임을 검출하는 방법이 사용되어 왔다. 그러나, 대부분이 실시간을 고려하지 않은 수학적 접근법을 사용하거나 알고리즘이 지나치게 복잡하여 실시간 구현에 용이하지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 얼굴검출을 위하여 감시카메라에서 입력된 RGB영상을 YCbCr 영상으로 변환한 후 연속된 두 영상의 차를 구하고 Glassfire 라벨링을 실시했다. 라벨링 결과 가장 넓은 구역의 면적과 Area 임계치 값을 비교하여 임계값 이상의 면적이면 동작변환으로 인식하고 영상을 추출하였다. 이렇게 추출된 동작변환 영상을 대상으로 얼굴 검출을 실시하였다. 얼굴 검출에 필요한 특징을 추출하기 위해 아다부스트 알고리즘을 사용하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2000

실시간 검증은 명세와 요구사항과의 논리적 정확성 뿐만 아니라 시간적 정확성을 확인하는 일련의 과정이다. 하지만 시간의 무한성에 의해 시스템 상태가 무한히 증가할 수 있는 상태 폭발 문제가 검증과정에서 중요한 문제점이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 형식 검증에 기반을 두며, 시스템의 행위 측면을 시간 오토마타로 기술한 시스템 모델이 Timed mu-calculus로 표현된 시스템의 특성에 만족하는지의 여부를 통해 명세의 완전성을 확인하는 실시간 검증 비법을 기술한다. 이를 위해 초기상태의 논리값에 초점을 두어 검증과정에서 필요로 하는 노드로만 Product Graph를 구성하여 노드 값을 결정해나가는 지역모형검사 기법에 대해 제안한다. 이 방법은 모델의 모든 상태를 조사하지 않으므로 상태 폭발 문제를 최소화 시킬 수 있어 실시간 시스템 검증에 효과적으로 적용이 가능하다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1148-1158
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• 2010

This paper addresses prospect of the technology for development of NxTIS (NeXt generation Transport Information System) that is targeted to shifting Korean public transit framework to railway-centered one. The Seoul metropolitan area has adopted the smart-card as a payment system for the public transportation since 2004. The transportation record can be used as quite useful information for better planning and operating of the railway system, particularly when the smart-card based payment system is extended to whole nation. This paper introduces technologies to develop Real OD DB and NxTIS, and presents road-map for them. A variety of benefits from the development of the system are estimated both in quantitative and qualitative. The Real OD DB based NxTIS will work to highly prospective for creating a novel value in the railway as a public transportation system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38B권4호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2013

일반적으로 위성 시분할다중접속 (TDMA, Time Division Multiple Access) 통신시스템 설계 시 채널감쇄를 반드시 고려 해야하며 위성 통신시스템은 급격한 채널환경 변화에서도 안정적인 네트워크 구성을 위해 실시간 자동 이득제어기 (AGC, Automatic Gain Control)가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 위성 TDMA 통신시스템에서 타임 슬롯에 실시간 적용이 가능한 AGC를 제안한다. 제안하는 실시간 AGC 성능을 확인하기 위해 위성 TDMA 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였고 제안하는 AGC 알고리듬을 적용하여 시스템의 비트 오율을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 추후 위성 TDMA 통신시스템의 안정성을 높이는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1118-1123
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• 2009

Event-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method for genetically modified (GM) maize MIR604 was developed based on integration junction sequences between the host plant genome and the integrated transgene. In this study, 2 primer pairs and probes were designed for specific amplification of 100 and 111 bp DNA fragments from the zSSIIb gene (the maize endogenous reference gene) and MIR604. The quantitative method was validated using 3 certified reference materials (CRMs) with levels of 0.1, 1, and 10% MIR604. The method was also assayed with 14 different plants and other GM maize. No amplification signal was observed in real-time PCR assays with any of the species tested other than MIR604 maize. As a result, the bias from the true value and the relative deviation for MIR604 was within the range from 0 to 9%. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), varied from 2.7 to 10% for MIR604. Limits of detections (LODs) of qualitative and quantitative methods were all 0.1%. These results indicated that the event-specific quantitative PCR detection system for MIR604 is accurate and useful.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

전통적 투자안 평가방법인 현금할인법(DCF:discounted cash flow) 모형의 투자안 평가는 경영자가 미래 사업환경의 변화에 능동적 대처를 할 수 없다는 가정이다. 그러나 현실에서는 투자를 수행하는 중에 새로운 정보가 유입되고 불확실성이 클 때 평가 시점에서 예측한 대로 시나리오가 이루어지기 어렵기 때문에 경영의 유연성을 고려하는 실물옵션 방법으로 평가함으로써 이런 난점들을 극복할 수 있다. 실물옵션에는 연기옵션, 단계적 투자옵션, 변경옵션, 포기옵션, 전환옵션 등이 있다. 따라서 사업 변동성이 클 경우 전통적인 DCF보다는 이러한 변동성이 갖는 가치를 적극 이용하여 평가하는 실물옵션 방법이 보다 바람직한 평가방법이라 할 수 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.415-419
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• 2010

A variety of methods for sound source localization have been developed and applied to several applications such as noise detection system, surveillance system, teleconference system, robot auditory system and so on. In the previous work, we proposed the sound source localization using the spatially mapped GCC functions based on TDOA for robot auditory system. Performance of the proposed one for the noise effect and estimation resolution was verified with the real environmental experiment under the single source assumption. However, since multi-talker case is general in human-robot interaction, multiple source localization approaches are necessary. In this paper, the proposed localization method under the single source assumption is modified to be suitable for multiple source localization. When there are two sources which are correlated, the spatially mapped GCC function for localization has three peaks at the real source locations and imaginary source location. However if two sources are uncorrelated, that has only two peaks at the real source positions. Using these characteristics, we modify the proposed localization method for the multiple source cases. Experiments with human speeches in the real environment are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method for multiple source localization. In the experiments, mean value of estimation error is about $1.4^{\circ}$ and percentage of multiple source localization is about 62% on average.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.595-598
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• 2006

Semi-quantitative monitoring of Lactobacillus sake and Lactobacillus plantarum, major and minor microorganisms in kimchi, respectively, and Lactobacillus paraplantarum, recently shown to be present in kimchi, was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Changes in the 3 species during kimchi fermentation were monitored by the threshold cycle ($C_T$) of real-time PCR. As fermentation proceeded at $15^{\circ}C$, the number of L. sake increased dramatically compared to those of L. plantarum and L. paraplantarum. During fermentation at $4^{\circ}C$, the growth rates of the 3 species decreased, but the proportions of L. plantarum and L. paraplantarum in the microbial ecosystem were almost constant. Considering the $C_T$ values of the first samples and the change in the $C_T$ value, the number of L. sake is no doubt greater than those of L. plantarum and L. paraplantarum in the kimchi ecosystem. L. sake seems to be one of the major microorganisms involved in kimchi fermentation, but there is insufficient evidence to suggest that L. plantarum is the primary acidifying bacterium.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2020

In this paper, the authors propose the pseudo complex correlation coefficient (PCCC) of the two complex random variables (RV), because the four real correlation coefficients (RCC) of the corresponding four real RVs cannot be obtained only from the complex correlation coefficient (CCC) of given two complex RV. Such observation is motivated by the general statement; "The complex jointly-Gaussian random M-vector cannot be completely described by the complex covariance matrix, even though the real Gaussian random 2M-vector can be completely descried by the real covariance matrix. Therefore, in order to describe completely the complex jointly-Gaussian random M-vector, we need an additional matrix, namely the complex pseudo-covariance matrix, along with the complex covariance matrix." Then, we apply PCCC to correlated information sources (CIS) for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in 5G system, and investigate impact of the proposed PCCC on the achievable data rate of the stronger channel user in the conventional successive interference cancellation (SIC) NOMA with CIS. It is shown that for the given same CCC, the achievable data rates with the different PCCC are different, because the corresponding RCC are different. We also show that as the absolute value of the same CCC increases, the impact of the different PCCC becomes more significant.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2020

In this paper, an efficient signal tracking method to simultaneously track both GPS L1 C/A and Galileo E1B CBOC(6,1,1/11) using a low cost GPU is proposed. In the existing method that each GNSS signal is processed within 1 ms, more than 2 ms processing time is required in GPU to process 4 ms CBOC signal. It means that real time operation is possible if only Galileo E1B CBOC signal is concerned. But when both GPS C/A and Galileo CBOC is required, it cannot process GPS C/A signal in real time. To process 1 ms GPS C/A and 4 ms Galileo CBOC signal in real time, 4 ms Galileo CBOC signal is divided into 4 by 1 ms signal block in the proposed method. Specially, a buffer that simultaneously manages 1 ms and 4 ms signals is designed. In addition, a module that accumulates the 1 ms correlation value of the Galileo CBOC by 4 ms and passes it to the PLL and DLL is implemented. The operation and performance are evaluated with real measurements in the GPU based SDR. The experimental results show that tracking of more than 16 satellites of GPS C/A and Galileo E1B is possible using the proposed method.