• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2004

Purpose : To assess perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measure of voice quality in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis before and after type I thyroplasty. Methods : The clinical records of patients operated type I thyroplasty in the Departement of otorhinoalryngolgy, Yongdong Severance hospital from November 2001 to November 2003 were reviewed. All patients uderwent a vocal function evaluation including perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measures of voice preoperative and on $60^{th}$ postoperative day. The perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from recording of patients' reading a 'Sanchak' passage. The perceptual evaluation was performed by 2 speech pathologist using a 4-point rating scale. Acoustic parameters(voice range profile low(RAL), voice range profile high(RAH), average fundamental frequency(AFX), closed quotient, harmonic to noise ratio, jitter and shimmer) were investigated by Lx speech studio. Mean flow rate(MFR), subglottic pressure(Psub) and intensity were measured using the Phonatory function analyzer. The maximum phonation time was also measured. The data were statistically analyzed. A paired t-test (p<0.1) was used to compare preoperative and postoperative results. And multiple regression test was used to find which parameter was most correlated to improvement of postoperative voice quality. Results : Among aerodynamic parameters, Psub $(88.11mmH_2O{\rightarrow}58.7mmH_2O)$, MPT(7.87sec${\rightarrow}$12.53sec), MFR (359.8ml/sec${\rightarrow}$161.06ml/sec) were statistically improved. AFx(205.5Hz${\rightarrow}$163.27Hz), AQx(23.9%${\rightarrow}$48.3%), RAL, RAH. Jotter and shimmer were improved. In multiple regression test, AFx and AQx was noted as the two meost correlated parameters to improvement of postoperative breathiness. But general grade of voice quality was more correlated to Psub and shimmer. Conclusion : Vocal fold medialization procedures effectively reduce glottic gap. Increasing of contact area of both vocal folds induced improvement in aerodynamic parameters and leaded stabilizing of vocal fold vibration. That effect results in improvement in acoustic parameters (shimmer, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, voice range profile) and voice quality.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2002

The peptidyl prolyl sis-trans isomerase (PPIase, EC 5.2.1.8) from bacillus stearothermophilus was extracted from the cells treated with by lysozyme. PPIase was purified from the cell extracts by heat treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and finally gel filtration, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). The molecular weight of the purified PPIase was estimated as 18kDa by SDS-PAGE. The 39 amino acid residues from the N-terminus were determined by the protein sequencer. The enzyme showed the optimum pH at 8.0 and was stable at the range of pH 7.0∼8.0. The enzyme was considerably stable after heat treatment at 60$\^{C}$ for 30minutes, and the enzyme was quite stable up to 65$\^{C}$. The presence of the PPIase in the refolding solution accelerated the isomerization rate of the assay peptide. PPIase gene of Bacillus stearothermophilus was screened from a genomic library by plaque hybridization using the A-l primer as a probe. A PPIase positive plaque contained a 3.0kb insert of the chromosomal DNA. A 3.0kb fragment was subcloned into pUC18, resulting pPI-40. A DNA fragment encoding the N-terminal portion of the PPIase in pPI-40 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method using the A-1 and B-2 primers. The amplified fragment was cloned into the Sma I site of pUC18 and recombinant plasmid was designated as pSN-18. The nucleotide sequence of 167bp fragment was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of PPIase was completely matched with the determined N-terminal amino acid sequence of PPIase B. stearothermophilus.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.180-182
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• 2002

Substantial genomic diversity has been expected among clinical isolates of H. pylori. We have suggested that the two complete H. pylori genomes already sequenced may be insufficient for providing a discriminatory tool for typing clinical isolates as well as an insight into the genomic diversity, which enable to establish strategy for control of H. pylori infection. In this study, we determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire genome of Korean strain 51 and compare it with two reported genomic sequences to suggest validity for extensive genomic sequencing of H. pylori. The genome of H. pylori 51 consists of a circular chromosome with a size of 1,591,297 bp, which is corresponding to $95.4\%\;and\;96.8\%$ of the 26695 and J99 chromosome length, respectively. We predict that there are 1,454 open reading frames (ORFs) in 51, representing $91.4\%\;and\;97.2\%$ of the reported numbers of ORF of 26695 and J99, respectively. In contrast to 26695 and J99 that have 123 and 65 strain-specific genes, respectively, of the 1,454 genes, only 39 genes are unique to 51. Differences in genomic organization between 51 and each foreign strain were greater than between 2 foreign strains in pair wise entire sequence alignments by BLASTN. Particularly, the extent of genomic rearrangement observed between 51 and 26695 is higher than between 51 and J99. Multiple sequence alignment of orthologous genes among 3 strains showed that 51 is genetically closer to 26695 rather than J99. Phylogenetic analysis of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutation indicated J99 has the longest branch length in the unrooted phylogenetic tree, suggesting that J99 has higher mutation rate than the other 2 strains.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2012

Of the 169 strains of microorganisms stored in Polar and Alpine Microbial Collection of Korea Polar Research Institute, 27 strains were selected for their chitinase activity on ZoBell plates supplemented with 0.4% colloidal chitin. Among them, PAMC 21693 strain have shown the highest chitinolytic enzyme activity toward pNP-$(GlcNAc)_1$ at low temperature and the highest growth rate at $4^{\circ}C$. We cloned a full-length chitinase gene of 2,857 bp which contains an open reading frame of 2,169 bp encoding 872-amino acid polypeptide. Recombinant chitinase protein was expressed in E. coli and its molecular weight was confirmed 96 kDa. In this paper, we suggest the potential use of cold-active chitinase from polar microorganisms in the field of biotechnology.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2009

Oryza grandiglumis Chitinase IVa (OgChitIVa) cDNA encoding a class IV chitinase was cloned from wild rice (Oryza grandiglumis). OgChitIVa cDNA contains an open reading frame of 867 nucleotides encoding 288 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 30.4 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.48. Deduced amino acid sequences of OgChitIVa include the signal peptide and chitin-binding domain in the N-terminal domain and conserved catalytic domain. OgChitIVa showed significant similarity at the amino acid level with related monocotyledonous rice and maize chitinase, but low similarity with dicotyledoneous chitinase. Southern blot analysis showed that OgChitIVa genes are present as two copies in the wild rice genome. It was shown that RNA expression of OgChitIVa was induced by defense/stress signaling chemicals, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethephon or cantharidin and endothall or wounding, and yeast extract. It was demonstrated that overexpression of OgChitIVa in Arabidopsis resulted in mild resistance against the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, by lowering disease rate and necrosis size. RT-PCR analysis showed that PR-1 and PR-2 RNA expression was induced in the transgenic lines. Here, we suggest that a novel OgChitIVa gene may play a role in signal transduction process in defense response against B. cinerea in plants.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.519-533
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary habits of girl's high school students in Kunsan, and to investigate their recognition of food-nutrition labeling. The results are summarized as follows. General nutrition knowledge is relatively low, with an average of 0.57. It was shown that high school female students skipped breakfast rather than lunch or dinner, with a skipping rate of 28.9% for breakfast, 0.7% for lunch, and 8.6% for dinner. Regarding snacks, 35.5% of all the surveyed students had 1 snack per day, with 31.9% having them between lunch and dinner. The most popular snacks include biscuits (22.3%), noodles (18.3%) and bakery (13.3%). The most popular response was that students 'sometimes checked' the food label of processed domestic and imported processed food. The level of satisfaction with food labels is moderate, with an average of 2.96, out of 5. The most satisfactory title about food labels was 'helpful for food selection' with 3.19. On the other hand, the least satisfactory title was 'understands the label' with 2.78. Regarding the identification of the nutrition labeling, the highest response was 'sometimes watched, sometimes not' with 40.5%. Products which were most often checked were milk/milk products (3.44), snacks/bread (3.33), and soft drinks (3.07). Among nutrition labeling items, total calories was the most important, followed by fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol and calcium. The question regarding the knowledge of nutrition labeling rated an average of 0.58 (out of 1). There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of the nutrition label verification and the dietary attitude score, along with the nutrition labeling knowledge and the nutrition knowledge score of the subjects. On the other hand, the degree of the nutrition label verification and the knowledge on nutrition labeling had a significant negative correlation. Hence, it is of the opinion that education on properly reading nutrient information is necessary to enable adolescents to apply that in real life. Furthermore, labeling nutritional information on processed fred through a more comprehensive method is deemed necessary as a supporting measure.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 1981

The objectives of the study were to determine 1) if energy consumption and conservation vary in clothing, food, and housing with independent variables-size of household, homemaker's age, employment, and level of education, level of living, type of house, electricity use, and all energy use, and 2) if there is a correlation among energy conservation practices in clothing, food, and housing. Questionnaires wee given to the randomly selected homemakers in Seoul in July, 1980. Data from 620 responses were analyzed by F-test (Analysis of Variance) and Correlation. The results are as follows: 1. Clothing (1) the scores of the conservation practices I clothing were generally high. /However, it was found that a) they did not practice in wearing heavy under clothes and behavior outer clothing to cope with cool room temperature in the winter, b) they did not use bleach for laundry, but they used boiling method, and c) they did not have enough knowledge on Permanent Press finish. (2) energy conservation practices in clothing were significantly related to level of living and homemakrer's level of education. a) The higher the level of living, the higher scores in the knowledge were found. b) the higher the homeakcer's level of education, the higher scores in the knowledge and ironing were obtained. 2. Food (1) The scores of the conservation practices in food were generally high. However, it was found that scientific cooking methods were not performed such as a) to use measuring spoons, cups, and timers, b) to practice a simple method in using solor energy for warming water, c) to use thermos for the hot water tea or coffee, but they boiled water whenever necessary, and b) to use the pressure cooker whenever possible. (2) Energy conservation practices in food were significantly related to homemaker's employment and type of dwellings. a) The scores of full-time homemakers (not gainfully employed) were higher than gainfully employed homemakers. b) Families in traditional Korean dwellings revealed higher scores than those in apartment or western style dwellings. 3. Housing (1) The scores of the conservation practices in housing were generally high. However, it was found that a) they did not install fans in the kitchen, bathroom, and attic in the summer, b) they did not install a humidifier for tolerating a lower room temperature in the winer, c) they did not practice to make plans for the door of the refrigerator remained open for the shortest time, d) they did not install or use a local lighting with a general lighting for reading and cooking, and e) they usedaluminum foil without the knowledge of the heat reaction of its shiny and dull sides. (2) energy conservation practices in housing were significantly related to homemaker's employment and level of education, economic status, types of dwelling, and all energy use, a) Full-time homeakers had higher scores than gainfully employed homeakers. b) the higher the homemaker's level of education and economics status, the higher scores were obtained. c) Homeakers with their own house scored higher points than those with rented houses. And families in apartment or row houses scored higher points than those in traditional korean or western style dwellings. d) The higher the consumption rate of electricity and all energy, the higher scores were revealed. 4. correlation there was a significant correlation among energy conservation practices I clothing, food, and housing.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.83-94
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• 2002

Within physical therapy education, there has been increased attention to curricula and course that emphasize problem solving, clinical reasoning, and synthesis of information across traditional discipline-specific boundaries. This article describes the development implementation, and outcomes of a problem-based learning course in Physical therapy. The course was designed to help students to integrate the various elements of a physical therapy curriculum and to enhance their abilities to respond to an ever-changing health care environment. An evaluation of the course by the first 50 students who completed it revealed both strengths and weaknesses. Students responded that the course enhanced their professional behavior, including interpersonal communication skills, team work, and follow-through with professional responsibilities. The learning package was developed by the authors and implemented to a college students during three weeks of the first semester of 2001. Most studies which conducted PBL module development were short period or temporary PBL package application and evaluation rather than a whole semester's. While, this study carried on partial integrated PBL curriculum development and application with recomposing content of the two subjects to one subject Physical therapy which includes four PBL packages. This package was developed from a simple concept to complex and partial integrated PBL curriculum application systematically variable learning methods such as discussion, practice, lecture, video. There are 2 classes, each class has 25 students, in the college. Each class has 5 small groups consisting 5 students. Two tutors proceeded discussion charging each class also, they used multiple methods and materials like tutorials, self-directed learning, lecture, and video. The package is 5 grades and 5 hours per week and the rate of discussion, lecture is 4, 1 respectively. One of the most change is the increase of interaction between students and tutors. Whenever students need information and suggestion, they can visit tutors who provide reading materials and guide for the direction of self learning. Therefore, this study describes the PBL package development process and application during one semester recomposing contents of two subjects to Physical therapy concepts. Besides, it will contribute to active application of existing each subject to tutors who intend to convert as PBL methods. The study has significant meaning to show potentiality of partially integrated PBL application, using systematic PBL package development from two subjects contents. However, when students' need of yearning is over the extent of Introduction of Physical therapy and Rehabilitation medicine, tutors should set learning extent. So, there is limitation to attain completely integrated PBL education within one subject, therefore, it is high lighted to proceed development of integrated curriculum to maximize learning effects of PBL. It is exected that partial integrated PBL package development and application will distribute to prosper excellent physiotherapist in practice.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.299-306
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• 2018

Changes in demographic and economic conditions affect corporate strategy, labor market and social welfare. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of changes in population and economic situation on library use and to examine the income effect of library use. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we analyzed the 10 year fixed library of public library statistics and statistical census data from 2008 to 2017 using the panel fixed effect model using the data of regional gross production and unemployment rate. And the changes in the economic and demographic characteristics of the region are used to confirm the regularity of the relationship between the changes in the usage situation of the libraries belonging to a certain region and the changes in the economic and demographic conditions in the respective regions. As a result of the analysis, the changes in the economic environment did not significantly affect the number of visitors to the library and the number of library users, but it was an important factor in the number of borrowers. This study is significant in that it shows how the economic environment changes affect the library. The result of this study is expected to be a theoretical basis for establishing the service policy of public libraries.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.229-236
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• 2018

Liver cancer is one of the highest incidents in the world, and the mortality rate is the second most common disease after lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of deep learning in the classification of malignant and benign tumors in CT images of patients with liver tumors. We also tried to identify the best data processing methods and deep learning models for classifying malignant and benign tumors in the liver. In this study, CT data were collected from 92 patients (benign liver tumors: 44, malignant liver tumors: 48) at the Gil Medical Center. The CT data of each patient were used for cross-sectional images of 3,024 liver tumors. In AlexNet and VggNet, the average of the overall accuracy at each image size was calculated: the average of the overall accuracy of the $200{\times}200$ image size is 69.58% (AlexNet), 69.4% (VggNet), $150{\times}150$ image size is 71.54%, 67%, $100{\times}100$ image size is 68.79%, 66.2%. In conclusion, the overall accuracy of each does not exceed 80%, so it does not have a high level of accuracy. In addition, the average accuracy in benign was 90.3% and the accuracy in malignant was 46.2%, which is a significant difference between benign and malignant. Also, the time it takes for AlexNet to learn is about 1.6 times faster than VggNet but statistically no different (p > 0.05). Since both models are less than 90% of the overall accuracy, more research and development are needed, such as learning the liver tumor data using a new model, or the process of pre-processing the data images in other methods. In the future, it will be useful to use specialists for image reading using deep learning.