• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.215-226
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• 2010

The pig slurry leachate was dark brown-colored solution that leaches out of woodchip trickling filter. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of pig slurry leachate and byproduct on growth characteristics of leaf lettuce in hydroponics culture. The effects of addition of fish meal, bone meal and crab shell for the growth of leaf lettuce were investigated. Leaf lettuce were grown in each of six combination treatment solutions; slurry leachate, slurry leachate + fish meal, slurry leachate+bone meal, slurry leachate + crab shell and chemical hydroponic solution for lettuce based on EC content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of lettuce. The all of nutrient solution was adjusted 1.5 mS/cm in EC in hydroponics culture. 1. The pH level of leachate of trickling filter was increased and EC decreased gradually during treatment. Pig slurry leachate was low in suspended solids (SS), phosphorus (P), but rich in potassium (K). 2. The plot of slurry leachate (SL) was lowest in the growth characteristics of lettuce. The leaf length and width of lettuce treated with mixture plot of slurry leachate and fish meal (SL + FM) was higher compared with plot in slurry leachate. The chlorophyll reading was reduced in plot treated with slurry leachate, but that in plot of SL+FM was similar compared with control plot. 3. The fresh weight of lettuce showed lowest in the plot treated with slurry leachate. The addition of fish meal increased the yield of comparing plot of slurry leachate, but plots of bone meal and crab shell addition were not significantly difference. The fresh weight of leaf lettuce in plot of SL+FM was 87% as 400.0g compared with control. In conclusion, the mixture solution of pig slurry leachate and fish meal could be used as a nutrition solution of organic lettuce hydroponics.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the influence of seeding date on growth, characteristic yield and chemical composition of Italian millet (Setaria italica) from April 20 to May 30, 2003(April 20, May 1, May 20 and May 30) in Jeju. A local variety was seeded on days to heading were lessened as seeding date was delayed. The plant height was longest when seeded on 1 May(131cm) than at the other seeding dates. Stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width had the similar trend with plant height. SPDA reading values were greater at earlier seedings. Fresh forage yield was greatest (43.28MT/ha) at 1 May seeding and decreased gradually before or after this seeding date. Dry matter yield, crude protein yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield had nearly the same tendency with fresh forage yield. Crude protein, crude fat, NFE and TDN contents were greatest at 30 May seeding and then decreased earlier seedings. Crude ash and crude fiber content tended to decreased as seeding was delayed. Based on the these findings, optimum seeding date for forage production of Italian millet seems to be early May in Jeju island.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.59-70
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• 2021

This paper studies and analyzes the effect of illustrations in picture books on time representation with fictional picture books as the study scope. In this paper, the time type of picture books can be divided into time point, timeline and time rhythm, referring to case analysis from time symbolic elements, picture layout and picture sequence respectively. First of all, time symbolic elements are referred to the time point and time rhythm. The materialized time symbolic element is things that can directly represent time and trigger associations with time; the color symbolic element means the color changes in the real world within a certain time; the contrast of light and shadow corresponds to the changes in a day. Fast-moving objects will be presented with dashed or blurred lines, while static, stable and slow objects will be depicted with solid lines. Secondly, the picture layout of illustrations in picture books is suitable for representing the content of the timeline and describing the sequence or causality of events. Finally, the picture sequence can represent the timeline, time rhythm and "synchronicity". It will make use of visual logic to win readers' trust in time information expressed in pictures, and then follow and connect viewpoints on the basis of adapting to reading habits. The essence of time representation in picture books is to express time by space, and use different combinations of elements in space and visual guidance to convey time information.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

This study was evaluated to increase the production efficiency of Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, which are recently increasing attention as industrial insects in Korea. In this study, the hatching rate and larval period were investigated along with temperature and humidity, as well as the survival rate and ovipositional temperatures along with rearing density. The optimum relative humidity for hatching was highest at 90%, which shows the hatching rate of 90%. The highest hatching rate was 98.3% at $20^{\circ}C$. The hatching period was shortest at $35^{\circ}C$ incubation, which shows 7.1 days in average. The survival rate at 3,000-20,000 individuals in the breeding container was 34-18% after rearing for 35 days. In the effect test of feeding vegetables, the survival rate was 1.8 times and the biomass weight 2.5 times higher than that of normal individuals respectively. The number of laying eggs by temperature was highest at $25^{\circ}C$, which shows 1,710 eggs after reading for 30 days.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

This paper dealt with how realization of pauses in utterance is affected by speech style, gender, and generation. For this purpose, we analyzed the frequency and duration of pauses. Pauses were categorized into four types: pause with breath, pause with no breath, utterance medial pause, and utterance final pause. Forty-eight subjects living in Seoul were chosen from the Korean Standard Speech Database. All subjects engaged in reading and spontaneous speech, through which we could also compare the realization between the two speech styles. The results showed that utterance final pauses had longer durations than utterance medial pauses. It means that utterance final pause has a function that signals the end of an utterance to the audience. For difference between tasks, spontaneous speech had longer and more frequent pauses because of cognitive reasons. With regard to gender variables, women produced shorter and less frequent pauses. For male speakers, the duration of pauses with breath was significantly longer. Finally, for generation variable, older speakers produced more frequent pauses. In addition, the results showed several interaction effects. Male speakers produced longer pauses, but this gender effect was more prominent at the utterance final position.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.402-415
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• 2018

This study aims to inquire into the U. S. elementary school teachers' storylines for science teaching methods, scientific knowledge and interactions with students. As research subjects, two American elementary school teachers, named Christina and Melissa, were selected. As test tools, this study adopted Storyline Test and semi-structured interviews. Firstly, in regard to the science teaching method, Christina evaluated that she gradually improved her science teaching skills up to positive 6 points, starting from 2 points in the first year of teaching career, while Melissa sustained a stable state with 5 points in the 9th year of teaching career, starting from 1 point in the first year of teaching career. It was found that both the teachers had more confidence in their science teaching methods by participating in various training programs. Secondly, Christina evaluated her scientific knowledge in the first year of teaching career as 4 points, but evaluated her present scientific knowledge as stable as 6 points since she started studying teaching materials actively, discussing with other teachers and having more ability of application through science class integrated with other school subjects, in the 7th year of her teaching career. On the other hand, Melissa evaluated her scientific knowledge in the first year of teaching career as 1 point since she did not exactly know what to teach elementary school students, but in the 6th year of teaching career, she sustained a stable state with points through joint-activities with other teachers. It was found that chances to research with other teachers had important effect on both the teachers' confidence in scientific knowledge. Thirdly, in regard to interactions with students in science class, Christina said that she did not have any interaction with students when instructing inquiry activities in the first year of teaching career, but since the 10th year of her teaching career, she had sustained a stable state with 6 points through active interaction with students, by leading learning projects and science competitive exhibitions, etc. On the other hand, Melissa evaluated her interaction with students in the first year of teaching career as 1 point because her class was reading-oriented, but since the 9th year of teaching career, she had sustained a stable state with 6 points so far, by developing inquiry activity strategies to improve interaction with students. Overall, it was found that inquiry activities played a central role in improving both the teachers' interaction with students.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.219-237
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• 2021

Visual information is widely used to deliver health information more effectively on social media, but there is lack of research on how effectively visual information delivers health information on social media. This study reports Facebook users' reading patterns and cognitive tests (recall and recognition tests) results using health-related Facebook posts. For this study, 21 college students participated in online questionnaire, eye tracking experiment, and recall and recognition tests. First, users paid their attention to the area that contains information (i.e., users focused on the main text rather than photos that do not contain information). Second, in the case of Facebook posts containing infographics, users paid their attention on the infographics, but the recall and recognition test results of the posts with infographics were lower than the posts containing photos. Particularly, when the infographics are in a complex collage format, recall and recognition tests result lower scores. Third, regarding the length of the text, the Facebook posts with short text resulted in higher recall and recognition test scores than the posts with medium or long texts. This study suggested to Facebook health information providers and distributors how to design Facebook posts for delivering health information more effectively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.369-385
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• 2022

This thesis was a phenomenological study of an after-school picture book making program for middle school students. This study attempted to establish a theoretical system for picture book making activity by analyzing the process of self-discovery and healing through the picture book making activity. The participants were six middle school students, the picture book making activity program was organized into five stages, and in-depth interviews of the study participants and their interpretation of picture books were described. According to the research results, first, the making activity of picturebooks can construct one's own world through hyper-reality that is more excessive than the original. Second, it can be said that the fearful existence of a monster has developed awareness and insight to view its own problems from various angles through defamiliarization. These results might be that the making activity of picturebooks is a way of revealing one's existence to the world, and through this, the process of exploring and constructing the meaning of oneself and daily life. Discussion was made based on this about the creation of another world where the picturebook making activity is different from the original, the stimulating effect of the subconscious mind through the defamiliarization device, and the establishment of self-existence in picturebook creation.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.57
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• pp.5-32
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of experience docent programs provide to visitors in museums by means of Giorgi's phenomenological method. In-depth interview was conducted with 6 visitors who had experienced firsthand. As a result of the coding based upon Giorgi's method, it was divided into 6 categories and 21 subcategories, and the following results were obtained. First, the reason that the subjects of the study participated in the docent program was due to factors such as information, coincidence, induction of companions, and habits. Second, from participating in the docent guide, they felt that the docent led them to actively visit the exhibition, get the educational effect, and generate interest and curiosity. Third, looking at the reaction after participating in the docent guide, in addition to the positive influence, the docent's reading-like explanation and the problem of the microphone facility were negative experiences. Through this study, it was confirmed that there were many visitors who recognized that the docent guide was helpful in viewing the exhibition and experienced positive reactions. In addition, in the evaluation of the commentary of docent, there was a difference of views between art-related majors and non-majors. In addition, as a result of analyzing the participants' experiences according to Holt's frame of experiential consumption, it was found that the docent experience was a comprehensive consumption behavior appearing in all four fields.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2022

Mathematics is a way of thinking. To do mathematics means to think mathematically. In other words, mathematics education and mathematics literacy are related. In elementary and secondary school mathematics education in many countries, teaching of mathematics using textbooks is conducted mostly in their native language. So mathematics education takes place while reading, writing, listening, and speaking mathematics. Analysis of mathematics textbooks for the lower grades of undergraduate mathematics shows that most advanced countries in mathematics use excellent undergraduate mathematics textbooks written in their native language. However, the ratio of using imported textbooks from foreign countries is particularly high in the case of textbooks for mathematics majors at Korean universities. In this article, the effect of language used in university mathematics education is analized. In particular, the importance of high-quality leading-edge university mathematics textbooks in native language is introduced by analyzing the case of Bourbaki in France and 'War of language' at the Israel Institute of Technology. The innovation of French university mathematics education in the 20th century began with Bourbaki's 'Fundamentals of Mathematics', a French textbook written in his native language. Israel's Technion and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem continue to teach all subjects in their mother tongue. This has led to produce many Nobel Prize and Fields medal winners in these two countries. This study shows that textbooks and languages used in university mathematics education has affected mathematical literacy.