• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 1988

This studies have been carried out to develop Korean traditional tea from the effects of Cornus officinalis and Lycium chinense and to study the developed tea on microbiological (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and metaboilsm of experimental animals (Spraque-Duwely male rats 200g). On the microbiological study the yeast growth is increased with the increase of added Cornus officinalis or Lycium chinense and Lycium chinense increased the yeast growth more than Cornus officinalis, especially the synergistic effects are recognized on mixed extract of Lycium chinense and Cornus officinalis. The effects of Cornus officinalis, Lycium chinense or the mixed extract of both extract on liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride were investigated in the case of animal test. The activities of GOT and GPT in serum are increased on control group compared to normal group but Lycium chinense group and group (which is administrated with the mixed extract of both ectract) decreased apparently the activities of GOT and GPT. The contents of Creatinine, BUN and Glucose in serum has no difference between normal and control group when the Cornus officinalis, Lycium chinense or mixed extract of both extracts were injected. Among them Lycium chinense group showed more normal value compared to Cornus officinalis and the mixture of both extract. The protective effect on rat liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride is in order of Lycium chinense. The synergistic effects of the mixed extract on liver damage are proved to be better than Lycium chinense or Cornus officinalis singly.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2006

Parabens are most wildly used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutic products as preservatives caused of safety and cheap. we had examined that paraben had estrogenic activity through the in vivo and in vitro experiments in last year. We demonstrated that most of parabens(ethyl, butyl, propyl, isobutyl, isopropyl) increased significantly uterus weight as well as induced proliferation of MCF-7 cell and binding of estrogen receptor as endocrine disrupter compounds. In this study, we evaluated that whether parabens have effect on male reproductive system or not. the male rats were administrated parabens by oral injection then examined separation of preputial day for $PND23\simPND52$. As the results, most parabens delayed pubertal development compare to control group. The separation of preputial day of Butyl and Propyl parabens at high concentration were PND 44 days and PND 45days compared to control group as PND 40 days. Even though, parabens as endocrine disrupter wildly spread in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutic products, we didn't have the safe guideline. In abroad, they are re-evaluating safety assessment for parabens. In conclusion, parabens delayed pubertal development in juvenile parabens are consider as endocrine disrupter chemicals.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2005

Effects of leucocyanidins on the level of serum lipids and lipid peroxidation was investigated in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine(TCDD)-induced rat that were pretreated with leucocyanidins for 4 weeks. The rats were divided into five experimental groups that is leucocyanidins and low TCDD treated group(LTL, 0.1 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD), leucocyanidins treated high TCDD group(LTH, 10 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD), No leucocyanidins and low TCDD treated group(NTL, 0.1 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD) and no leucocyanidins and high TCDD treated group(NTL, 10 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly decreased and HDL-cholesterol level significantly increased in leucocyanidins treated group. Serum MDA level was also significantly reduced in leucocyanidins treated group. These results suggest that pre-supplement of leucocyanidins prevented the degree of lipid peroxidation on TCDD induced rat.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 2005

This study has attempted to examine the effect of Artemisia princeps and A. argyi on liver function-related enzymes in rats with $CCl_4$ adminisration. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) from A. princeps were decreased by 33, 23 and $19\%$, respectively, compared to control. The activities of AST, ALT and ALP from A. argyi were decreased by 37, 33 and $26\%$, respectively. Total phenol contents were 10.2 mg/mL and 4.7 mg/mL in A. princeps, and A. argyi, respectively. Also, flavonoid contents were $6.1\;mg\%\;and\;3.6\;mg\%$ in A. princeps, and A. ar효i, respectively. Ethanol extract from A. argyi showed higher electron donating ability toward DPPH than A. princeps. A total of 31 volatile components(3 hydrocarbons, 10 terpenes, 5 carbonyls, 8 alcohols and 5 esters) were indentified in A. princeps, and A. argyi. The major volatile components of A. princeps were $\delta$-3-carene($2.2\%$) in terpenes and nerolidol($0.9\%$) in alcohols. The major volatile components of A. argyi were eugenol($1.4\%$) in alcohols and thyl pentadecanoate($1.1\%$) in esters.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.413-417
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Saururus chinensis Baill in vitro and in vivo. Methanol extract of S. chinensis Baill inhibited yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 49.8%, which was twice as strong as that of acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. The effect of S. chinensis Baill methanol extract on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using a carbohydrate load test. Oral administration of S. chinensis Baill extract (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (p<0.05) after oral ingestion of starch (1 g/kg). The area under the glucose response curve of the S. chinensis Baill group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). The effect of prolonged feeding of S. chinensis Baill was studied in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose, insulin, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the mice fed S. chinensis Baill extract were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that S. chinensis Baill is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1414-1417
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• 2000

This study was to investigate effects of the supplementation of the different lactic acid bacteria[Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 culture group(ST), autoclaved Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 culture(STS), Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 culture group(LA) and autoclaved Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356(LAS)] on suppression of aluminum accumulation in organs of rats fed with the diet containing $250\;{\mu}g/g$ aluminum sulfate for 4 weeks. Amount of aluminum accumulation in the control rat was in order of bone>lung>heart>large intestine>kidney>liver>brain>small intestine. Effects of reduction of aluminum accumulation by feeding of the four difference fermented milk were in order of LA group>LAS group>ST group>STS group. ST and LA both were more effective than STS and LAS. Ultimately fermented milk was useful in reduction of toxication by accumulating of aluminum in vivo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2002

The pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury as well as the modulation of hepatic fibrogenesis is causally associated with involvement of reactive oxygen species and free radical reactions. In this study, we investigated whether flavonoids (fustin, sulfuretin) which were isolated from Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RCS) have antioxidant and antihepatotoxicity effect under the biliary liver fibrosis condition. After surgery (control) and posttreated RCS methanol extract (250mg/kg), ethyl acetate extract (250mg/kg) and flavonoids were administered p.o. 10mg/kg/day in two weeks for control groups. The concentration of clinical parameters and product of hepatic lipid peroxidation and the hydroxyproline content were significantly increased in liver fibrosis developed rats. Among the clinical parameters of serum, value of ALT, AST, SDH, total bilirubin and ${\gamma}$ -GT in posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly lower than in control-group. The content of hydroxyproline in posttreated RCS components-group showed lower than in control group and then the value of MDA in posttreated RCS components-group was also significantly reduced to 40~60% of that in control group. The hepatic xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidate activities were posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly lower than in control-group. The hepatic SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities were posttreated RCS components-group showed significantly higher than in control-group. Hence we concluded that active components of fustin and sulfuretin which were isolated from R. verniciflua Stokes were hepatoprotective effect in experimental liver fibrosis.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2006

Aryl sulfotransferase (AST) IV is a liver enzyme involved in detoxication and has been shown to be susceptible to down regulation by a number of hepatotoxic xenobiotics. Studies presented here to investigate the ability of biological and non-biological divalent metal cations on AST IV activity showed that AST IV was strongly inhibited following in vitro or in vivo exposure to. Zn ( II ), Co ( II ) or Cd ( II ). It was found that $0.025\sim$2.5 uM of these metal ions were sufficient to cause $50\%$ of inhibition in vitro in purified AST IV and $0.25\sim$25 uM of these metal ions in liver cytosolic fractions. For the in vivo study, 1,000 mg Cu ( II )/kg, 2,000 mg Zn ( II )/kg or 250 mg Cd( II )/kg was added to individual diets and administered to three (3) group; of mts over a 7 week period The Co ( II )-supplemented diet produced no apparent change in rat growth rate and resulted in 30-fold increase in liver cytotolic Cu ( II ) levels, suggesting that elevated levels of Cu ( II ) ion in the liver were responsible for the loss of AST IV activity. In contrast, the Zn ( II )-supplemented diet caused a decrease in rat growth rates and resulted in zero increase in liver Zn ( II ) levels, which suggested an indirect inhibition mechanism was caused by Zn ( II ) in the liver. Rats were fed the Cd-supplemented diet also displayed a decrease in growth rate with little or no change in liver Cu ( II ) or Zn ( II ) levels. When the liver cytosols of mts from the metal ion diets were immunochemically analyzed for the AST IV and albumin contents, no significant changes were observed in albumin levels. However, AST IV contents in the cytosols of mts fed the Zn ( II )-supplemented diets showed a slight decrease in amount These results showed that AST IV activity in vitro and in vivo can be inhibited by Co ( II ), Zn ( II ), and Cd ( II ) by apparently different mechanisms. The immediate response to a Zn injection showed a decrease in AST IV activity but not in the AST IV content in liver cytosol. These mechanisms appeared to involve direct actions of the metal ion on AST IV activity and indirect actions affecting AST IV amount.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.669-679
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• 2018

Objective : To compare the spinal bone fusion properties of activin A/BMP2 chimera (AB204) with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP2) using a rat posterolateral spinal fusion model. Methods : The study was designed to compare the effects and property at different dosages of AB204 and rhBMP2 on spinal bone fusion. Sixty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion using one of nine treatments during the study, that is, sham; osteon only; $3.0{\mu}g$, $6.0{\mu}g$, or $10.0{\mu}g$ of rhBMP2 with osteon; and $1.0{\mu}g$, $3.0{\mu}g$, $6.0{\mu}g$, or $10.0{\mu}g$ of AB204 with osteon. The effects and property on spinal bone fusion was calculated at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment using the scores of physical palpation, simple radiograph, micro-computed tomography, and immunohistochemistry. Results : Bone fusion scores were significantly higher for $10.0{\mu}g$ AB204 and $10.0{\mu}g$ rhBMP2 than for osteon only or $1.0{\mu}g$ AB204. AB204 exhibited more prolonged osteoblastic activity than rhBMP2. Bone fusion properties of AB204 were similar with the properties of rhBMP2 at doses of 6.0 and $10.0{\mu}g$, but, the properties of AB204 at doses of $3.0{\mu}g$ exhibited better than the properties of rhBMP2 at doses of $3.0{\mu}g$. Conclusion : AB204 chimeras could to be more potent for treating spinal bone fusion than rhBMP2 substitutes with increased osteoblastic activity for over a longer period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.951-957
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• 2004

Hypoglycemic effect of Prunus mume (PM) extract containing in Sangjinyangheul-tang and Hwangkeumtang, one of the diabetic herbal medicines, was determined by investigating insulin-like action, insulin sensitizing action and a-glucoamylase suppressing action. Insulin-like activity of 3T3-L1 fibroblast was not shown with the treatment of PM methanol extracts. However, treatment with 20% or 40% PM methanol extracts and differentiation inducers significantly decreased the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. A significant insulin sensitizing activity was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, giving PM extracts (60%, 80% and 100%) with 1 ng/mL insulin to reach glucose uptake level increased by 50 ng/mL of insulin alone. In addition, 20% and 40% methanol extracts of PM suppressed the a-glucoamylase activity by 30% in vitro. However, there was no significant differences in the peak of serum glucose levels and area under the curve in Sprague Dawley male rats treated with PM ethanol extract or cellulose and 2 g maltose or dextrin/kg body weight. These data suggested that PM extracts contain effective insulin sensitizing compounds, lipid synthesis suppressing compounds and possibly a-glucoamylase suppressing compounds. Therefore, PM extracts are beneficial for anti-diabetic treatment in obese diabetic patients.