• Title/Summary/Keyword: rate-capability

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백서에서 두개전기자극에 의한 척수신경원 흥분성의 변화 (The Change of Spinal Neuron Excitability by Cranial Electrostimulation(CES) in Rats)

  • 정대인;이정우;김태열;김영일
    • 대한임상전기생리학회지
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spinal motor neuron excitability by cranial electrostimulation(CES). The fifteen Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the three groups; GroupI(control), GroupII(low rate CES), GroupIII(high rate CES). Spinal motor neuron excitability was measured to use a computerized H reflex. The results of this study was as follows; M latency, M amplitude and H latency were no significant difference in all groups on repeated measured ANOVA(p>.05) but low rate CES and high rate CES groups were lower than ether group in comparative measurement of H amplitude and Hmax/Mmax ratio(p<.05). These results lead to the conclusion that spinal neuron excitability was influenced by CES. These results suggest that CES had the capability to lower spinal motor neuron excitability used synaptic blockade in spinal segment.

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전기자동차의 충전부하 모델링 및 충전 시나리오에 따른 전력계통 평가 (Evaluation of the Charging effects of Plug-in Electrical Vehicles on Power Systems, taking Into account Optimal Charging Scenarios)

  • 문상근;곽형근;김진오
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제61권6호
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    • pp.783-790
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    • 2012
  • Electric Vehicles(EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles(PHEVs) which have the grid connection capability, represent an important power system issue of charging demands. Analyzing impacts EVs charging demands of the power system such as increased peak demands, developed by means of modeling a stochastic distribution of charging and a demand dispatch calculation. Optimization processes proposed to determine optimal demand distribution portions so that charging costs and demand can possibly be managed. In order to solve the problems due to increasing charging demand at the peak time, alternative electricity rate such as Time-of-Use(TOU) rate has been in effect since last year. The TOU rate would in practice change the tendencies of charging time at the peak time. Nevertheless, since it focus only minimizing costs of charging from owners of the EVs, loads would be concentrated at times which have a lowest charging rate and would form a new peak load. The purpose of this paper is that to suggest a scenario of load leveling for a power system operator side. In case study results, the vehicles as regular load with time constraints, battery charging patterns and changed daily demand in the charging areas are investigated and optimization results are analyzed regarding cost and operation aspects by determining optimal demand distribution portions.

부호화 정보에 기반한 라이브 비디오의 전송률 결정 (Transmission Rate Decision of Live Video Based on Coding Information)

  • 이명진
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제8권9호
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    • pp.1216-1226
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 동적 대역 할당이 가능한 네트워크에서 라이브 비디오의 고화질 전송을 위한 예방형 전송률 결정 방식을 제안한다. 부호기 앞단의 화면 분석기에서 입력 화면의 분산과 장면전환 정도로부터 향후 화면의 비트율을 예측하고, 부호기와 복호기 버퍼의 제약조건에 의한 전송률 범위를 구한다. 이를 토대로 빈번한 전송률 재협상에 따른 비용 증가 문제를 해결하기 위해 최근 재협상 시점으로부터 경과 시간, 비디오 수신 품질 등을 고려한 예방형 전송률 결정 방식을 제안한다. 모의실험을 통해 제안 방식은 정규화된 Least Mean Square 기반 전송률 결정 방식과 비교되었고, 적은 재협상 비용으로도 지연 위반 화면 없이 높은 채널 이용률 달성이 가능함을 보였다.

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$NF_3/CH_4$ 플라즈마를 이용한 실리콘 카바이드 식각공정의 신경망 모델링 (Modeling of silicon carbide etching in a $NF_3/CH_4$ plasma using neural network)

  • 김병환;이석룡;이병택;권광호
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
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    • pp.58-62
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    • 2003
  • Silicon carbide (SiC) was etched in a $NF_3/CH_4$ inductively coupled plasma. The etch process was modeled by using a neural network called generalized regression neural network (GRNN). For modeling, the process was characterized by a $2^4$ full factorial experiment with one center point. To test model appropriateness, additional test data of 16 experiments were conducted. Particularly, the GRNN predictive capability was drastically improved by a genetic algorithm (GA). This was demonstrated by an improvement of more than 80% compared to a conventionally obtained model. Predicted model behaviors were highly consistent with actual measurements. From the optimized model, several plots were generated to examine etch rate variation under various plasma conditions. Unlike the typical behavior, the etch rate variation was quite different depending on the bias power Under lower bias powers, the source power effect was strongly dependent on induced dc bias. The etch rate was strongly correated to the do bias induced by the gas ratio. Particularly, the etch rate variation with the bias power at different gas ratio seemed to be limited by the etchant supply.

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멀티스펙트랄 이미지 센서를 이용한 전자 지도 기반 변량 질소 살포 (Map-based Variable Rate Application of Nitrogen Using a Multi-Spectral Image Sensor)

  • 노현권
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 2010
  • Site-specific N application for corn is one of the precision crop management. To implement the site-specific N application, various nitrogen stress sensing methods, including aerial image, tissue analysis, soil sampling analysis, and SPAD meter readings, have been used. Use of side-dressing, an efficient nitrogen application method than a uniform application in either late fall or early spring, relies mainly on the capability of nitrogen deficiency detection. This paper presents map-based variable rate nitrogen application based using a multi-spectral corn nitrogen deficiency(CND) sensor. This sensor assess the nitrogen stress by means of the estimated SPAD reading calculated from the corn leave reflectance. The estimated SPAD value from the CND sensor system and location information form DGPS of each field block was combined into the field map using a ArcView program. Then this map was converted into a raster file for a map-based variable rate application software. The relative SPAD (RSPAD = SPAD over reference SPAD) was investigated 2 weeks after the treatments. The results showed that the map-based variable rate application system was feasible.

High-frame-rate Video Denoising for Ultra-low Illumination

  • Tan, Xin;Liu, Yu;Zhang, Zheng;Zhang, Maojun
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제8권11호
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    • pp.4170-4188
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    • 2014
  • In this study, we present a denoising algorithm for high-frame-rate videos in an ultra-low illumination environment on the basis of Kalman filtering model and a new motion segmentation scheme. The Kalman filter removes temporal noise from signals by propagating error covariance statistics. Regarded as the process noise for imaging, motion is important in Kalman filtering. We propose a new motion estimation scheme that is suitable for serious noise. This scheme employs the small motion vector characteristic of high-frame-rate videos. Small changing patches are intentionally neglected because distinguishing details from large-scale noise is difficult and unimportant. Finally, a spatial bilateral filter is used to improve denoising capability in the motion area. Experiments are performed on videos with both synthetic and real noises. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in both peak signal-to-noise ratio objective evaluation and visual quality.

터보코드와 BCH코드의 연쇄부호화를 이용한 무선 ATM셀 전송의 성능 분석 (Performance of Wireless ATM Cell Transmission with Concatenated Turbo and BCH Coding)

  • 문병현;권광영
    • 한국산업정보학회논문지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2002
  • 본 논문에서는 무선 ATM환경에서 ATM 셀을 전송할 때 터보부호와 BCH 부호를 이용한 연쇄 부호를 제안하여 비트 오류확률, 셀 손실 확률을 분석하였다. 사용된 연쇄부호는 부호율이 1/2인 터보부호와 오류정정 능력이 5비트와 15비트를 갖는 BCH부호를 이용하였다. 연쇄부호를 사용할 경우 터보코드를 사용 할 때와 비교하여 비트 오류확률이 0.001에서 0.2㏈ 와 0.4㏈ 비트 오류확률 성능향상을 보였다. 또한 셀 손실률이 0.01에서 연쇄부호를 사용할 경우 터보코더를 사용할 때 보다는 0.1㏈ 및 0.2㏈ 개선됨을 보였다.

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유도 결합 플라즈마 스퍼터 승화법을 이용한 고속증착 시스템 (High Rate Deposition System by Inductively Coupled Plasma Assisted Sputter-sublimation)

  • 최지성;주정훈
    • 한국표면공학회지
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2012
  • A sputter-sublimation source was tested for high rate deposition of protective coating of PEMFC(polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell) with high electrical conductivity and anti-corrosion capability by DC biasing of a metal rod immersed in inductively coupled plasma. A SUS(stainless steel) tube, rod were tested for low thermal conductivity materials and copper for high thermal conductivity ones. At 10 mTorr of Ar ICP(inductively coupled plasma) with 2.4 MHz, 300 W, the surface temperature of a SUS rod reached to $1,289^{\circ}C$ with a dc bias of 150 W (-706 V, 0.21 A) in 2 mins. For 10 min of sputter-sublimation, 0.1 gr of SUS rod was sputter-sublimated which is a good evidence of a high rate deposition source. ICP is used for sputter-sublimation of a target material, for substrate pre-treatment, film quality improvement by high energy particle bombardment and reactive deposition.

T-method를 이용한 고층 아파트 욕실 배기 시스템의 층별 유량분배 해석 (Analysis of Air Flow Rate Distribution for the Bathroom Exhaust System in High-rise Buildings Using T-method)

  • 문종선;강석윤;이승철;유호선;이재헌
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 2004
  • Based on the T-method, a new scheme for predicting air flow rate distribution in a bathroom exhaust system is developed. Introduction of individual duct route enables us to disintegrate a complicated multi-fan ductwork into a set of simultaneous single-fan subsystems. The scheme is validated via the analysis of a well-posed test problem, showing physical consistency. In order to demonstrate the utility and capability of our method, the bathroom ventilation system in a 20-story residential building is selected as an example. Under the typical design condition, the air flow rate of each exhaust fan at the balancing point is successfully predicted, and such information can lead to an engineering estimation for the overall system performance. While some deficiencies in ventilation are found at bathrooms at lower floors with 6mmAq-rated exhaust fans, they disappear over the whole building by using fans of enhanced static pressures, 7 and 8mmAq. Finally the present scheme seems to be useful for practical design of multi-branched, multi-fan ventilation systems.

Evaluating Conversion Rate from Advertising in Social Media using Big Data Clustering

  • Alyoubi, Khaled H.;Alotaibi, Fahd S.
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제21권7호
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    • pp.305-316
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    • 2021
  • The objective is to recognize the better opportunities from targeted reveal advertising, to show a banner ad to the consumer of online who is most expected to obtain a preferred action like signing up for a newsletter or buying a product. Discovering the most excellent commercial impression, it means the chance to exhibit an advertisement to a consumer needs the capability to calculate the probability that the consumer who perceives the advertisement on the users browser will acquire an accomplishment, that is the consumer will convert. On the other hand, conversion possibility assessment is a demanding process since there is tremendous data growth across different information dimensions and the adaptation event occurs infrequently. Retailers and manufacturers extensively employ the retail services from internet as part of a multichannel distribution and promotion strategy. The rate at which web site visitors transfer to consumers is low for online retail, out coming in high customer acquisition expenses. Approximately 96 percent of web site users concluded exclusive of no shopper purchase[1].This category of conversion rate is collected from the advertising of social media sites and pages that dataset must be estimating and assessing with the concept of big data clustering, which is used to group the particular age group of people along with their behavior. This makes to identify the proper consumer of the production which leads to improve the profitability of the concern.