• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

Effects of Formalin treatment on embryogenesis and larvae growing in fertilized eggs and hatched larvae of olive flounder, Paralichthys alivaceus were investigated. Fertilized eggs and hatched larvae were exposed to aqueous solution with 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,000 ppm of nominal formalin concentration. They were kept in sea water of 16, 18 and 22$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Survival rate and hatchability of fertilized eggs were high in control groups more than formalin treated groups in 16, 18 and 22$^{\circ}C$, respectively (P<0.05). A similar effect that survival rate of hatched larvae was also observed for control and treatment groups. On the other hand, fertilized eggs treated with 400 ppm formalin, were all death in kept in 22$^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that high-dose of formalin in fertilized eggs and hatched larvae in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus was inhibited the normal embryogenesis for fertilized eggs and growing for hatched larvae. Also, these inhibited effects was promoted in higher temperature.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.717-722
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• 2012

Fluoride can be easily found in semiconductor and display industry. However, there is a lack of research for its effects on the related wastewater treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbial inhibitory effect by fluoride injection. The research entailed the assessment of removal efficiency of $TCOD_{Cr}$ according to the fluoride concentration and also the Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) was measured. The laboratory scale reactor was prepared and operated with the fluoride concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L based on concentrations frequently occurring in the wastewater. The results from this study showed that, as the fluoride concentration increase, the Specific Substrate Utilization Rate (SSUR) tend to decrease as expected. Also, the increase in fluoride concentrations resulted in the decrease in SOUR. It is determined that fluoride injection affects the microbial activity. Especially, The addition of above 200 mg/L fluoride into reactor caused rapidly decreased SSUR and SOUR due to the inhibitory effects of fluoride.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

This study suggested techniques to reduce burning rate and their effects for the AP thermoplastic composite propellant. Burning rate obtained through ground tests using a small size motor were analyzed to investigate the effects of AP particle size and LiF of 0.5~2.0% on the inhibition reaction for the PEBAX/AP thermoplastic propellant. The results showed that utilization of large size particle of AP and addition of LiF under 2.0% can reduce the burning rate sufficiently and their quantitative effects were suggested in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of multi-complex agents addition on characteristics of electroless Ni plating solution are investigated. The species and the concentration of complexing agents are major factors to control the deposition rate, P concentration, and surface morphology of plating films. Adipic acid increases the deposition rate in regardless of single- or mutli-complex agent addition. However, lactic acid effectively increases the deposition rate in case of multi-addition as the complex agents with adipic or sodium succinate acid. In addition, sodium citric acid and malic acid show good stabilizing effects of plating solution and lowering the deposition rate, because they have high complexibility. Therefore, it is suggested that the development of Ni-P plating solution suitable for diverse usages can be carried out systematically using the database from this study.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

The Jeju Special Self-Government Provincial Government has made the plan penetrating gradually electric vehicles(EVs) in the Jeju Special Self-Government Province(Jejudo). However the effects of EVs penetration on the electrical grid of the Jejudo is not reported. In this paper the yearly electric energy consumed by the EVs was calculated and the effects of the EV penetration on the peak power of the grid were analyzed in the Jejudo for the future 10 years, and we hope that our study results will help the governors realize the EVs penetration plan in the Jejudo. The calculation results show that the rate of the electric energy used by the EVs will become to 2.9% at its maximum at the 2017 year when the penetration rate of EVs in passenger cars becomes 10%, and the rate of the electric energy consumed by the EVs will become to 9.4% at its maximum at the 2020 year when the penetration rate of EVs in passenger cars becomes 30%. The concepts of smart-charging capacity and 100%-valley-filling charging capacity of the grid were defined and calculated for the Jeju Grid, and the grid was analyzed to have the sufficient EV charging capacity until the 2022 year.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of needle electrode stimulation at various frequencies on change in wound healing in excision wound rats Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to one of four groups: control (n=6), acupuncture group (n=6), low rate (2 Hz) percutaneous electrical stimulation group, high rate (100 Hz) percutaneous electrical stimulation group (n=6). We analyzed morphological effects by measuring the area of the excision wound, the contraction rate, and chromatic red. A digital camera and an image analysis program were used to measure and analyze the wound area,which was also used for the contraction rate. Chromatic red was obtained by calculating red, green, and blue (RGB) values of the wound area. Results: The electro acupuncture stimulation groupsshowed significant healing effects compared to the control and acupuncture groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that various frequencies of percutaneous electrical stimulation have a therapeutic effect on wound healing.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.973-980
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was to analyz the effects of comparative evaluation of the effects of oil pulling on periodontal indices. Methods: A total subjects were 38; control group (19 subjects) and experimental group (19 subjects). In the experimental group, coconut oil was provided and rinsed the mouth for about 10 minutes once a day. We evaluated possession rate of pocket depth (≥4 mm), possession rate of bleeding on exploring and possession rate of gingival recession (≥1 mm). Results: The possession rate of pocket depth (≥4 mm), bleeding on exploring and gingival recession (≥1 mm) significant difference in interaction between the group and measurement time. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that dental hygiene process and oil pulling specialists in care of periodontal diseases were effective mediation.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2021

Detrimental effects of inbreeding have been studied by many researchers for a long time. However, only a few studies have shown the occurrence of inbreeding depression due to evolutionary changes as a purging process. In this study, two different populations (inbreeding and outbreeding) of Drosophila melanogaster were compared to assess inbreeding effects on artificial population bottlenecks. For inbreeding conditions, a couple of D. melanogaster (one virgin and one male) were selected from an inbred population and cultured in a vial. For outbreeding conditions, a couple of D. melanogaster were selected from different populations and cultured in a vial. There were significant differences in body lengths of adults, but not in other parameters such as the total number of adults, the rate of survival, and the rate of wing mutants. The mean body length of adults of outbreeding populations was longer than that of inbreeding populations in the first generation (G1; P = 0.004), but not in the second generation (G2; P = 0.066). Although the other three parameters (total number of adults, rate of survival, and rate of wing mutants) showed differences in their mean values between inbreeding and outbreeding populations, these differences were not statistically significant. This might be due to genetic purging. This study demonstrated one additional experimental case related to inbreeding depression in artificial bottlenecked populations. Further studies are necessary to confirm the clear interaction between inbreeding depression and genetic purging using more generations and replicates (or samples) of D. melanogaster.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.461-469
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate how the tank colours may change the effects of extreme temperature on the survival, growth, and quality of juvenile golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus). The experiment was set up with fifteen treatments of five tank colours (blue, red, yellow, grey, and white) and three temperatures (30℃, 32℃, 34℃) with three replications. Fish performance was assessed for four weeks. The results showed that tank colours and elevated temperatures affected the quality of golden trevally juveniles. The survival and growth rate of fish tend to decrease gradually, but the deformation rate of fish tended to increase in the order of tank colours: red, yellow > grey, blue, and white. The growth and survival rate of fish gradually decreased when the rearing temperature increased from 30℃ to 34℃ and this effect was independent of tank colors. Importantly, the deformation rate increased under elevated temperature, particularly in blue and white tanks with potential long-term effects. It is, therefore, not recommended to use blue and white tanks for rearing the golden trevally juveniles, particularly during extremely high temperatures from heatwave events.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

1. Objectives To evaluate effects of bee venom acupuncture on cardiovascular system and differences according to each constitution. 2. Methods Heart rate variability, pulse wave and the velocity of cerebral blood flow were measured before bee venom acupuncture(BVA), right after and after 30 minuets, had been applied to 20 subjects. 3. Results 1. BVA did not have effects on measurement variables of heart rate variability. 2. BVA had effects on pulse wave, showing total time, radial augmentation index up and height of percussion wave, time to percussion wave, sum of pulse pressure down. 3. BVA did not have effects on the cerebral blood flow velocity when considering not Sasang Constitution. 4. Considering Sasang Constitution, BVA demonstrates different responses in time to preincisura wave, mean blood flow velocity, peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity. 4.Conclusion From those results, the following conclusions are obtained. Cause BVA alters pulse wave and makes differences in the cerebral blood flow velocity according to Sasang Constitution. Various methods of BVA treatment are needed considering Sasang Constitution.