• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.426-436
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• 2006

연구배경: 본 연구는 교통량이 많은 서울의 한 대로변에서 채취된 복합적인 미세분진이 염증반응이 일어날 때 형성되는 것으로 알려진 NO와 NO를 형성하는 iNOS발현 및 NO에 의하여 생성이 증가되는 nitro-tyrosilated-protein의 발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 SPF 흰쥐와 염증성 흰쥐에서 분리된 폐포대식세포와 그람음성 세균의 세포벽 성분인 LPS에 감작시켜 분석하였다. 방법: SPF 흰쥐와 염증성 흰쥐의 폐포대식세포에서 PM을 농도별로 처리하였을 때와 동일한 농도에서 배양시간을 달리하였을 때 분비되는 NO를 Griess reaction 방법으로 측정하였고, iNOS와 nitrotyrosilated-protein의 발현을 세포면역화학염색법과 western blot 분석법으로 확인하였다. 결과: PM의 단독투여 및 LPS와 PM을 혼합하여 투여하였을 때 NO의 생성 및 iNOS와 nitrotyrosilated-protein의 발현을 확인할 수 있었고, 그 효과는 LPS를 단독투여 하였을 때보다 발현이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 폐 내 자연적 염증성 증상이 있는 흰쥐에서 분리된 폐 내 대식세포는 PM의 농도 증가에 따라 비례하여 NO의 형성을 증가시켰다. 결론: 본 실험에 사용된 PM은 그 자체만으로도 SPF 흰쥐와 폐렴증상이 있는 흰쥐 BAL cell에서 NO의 생성을 증가시켰고, LPS가 처리된 세포들에 PM을 병용하여 투여하였을 경우에는 NO의 생성과 iNOS와 nitrotyrosilated-protein의 발현이 유의하게 상승되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2022

천식은 호흡곤란, 기침, 가슴통증과 같은 증상을 가지는 만성질환으로써 세포내 염증으로 인한 조직 리모델링을 특징으로 한다. 이러한 천식은 잘 조절되지 않을 시 치료제의 부작용을 경험할 수 있으며 일상 기능 및 삶의 질 저하로까지 이어질 수 있다. 천식은 여러 면역세포들에 의한 염증반응이 주원인으로 대식세포와 호염구 또한 천식에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 대식세포는 여러 염증성 사이토카인을 분비하여 염증을 유발할 뿐만 아니라 산화질소를 통한 DNA 손상과 점액 생성을 유도하여 천식을 악화시킬 수 있다. 호염구는 호산구 침윤을 증가시킬 수 있으며 히스타민 및 IgE에 대한 높은 친화력을 가진 FcεRIα 수용체로 인해 천식을 악화시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 28여 가지의 천연물의 각 분획에서 추출한 추출물을 가지고 이러한 세포들의 반응을 억제할 수 있는지 실험하였다. 마우스 대식세포인 Raw 264.7 세포에서 LPS에 의한 산화질소 생성 억제력 및 레트 호염구세포인 RBL-2H3 세포에서 IgE 감작에 의한 β-hexosaminidase 생성 억제력을 평가하였다. 4가지 천연물 추출물이 산화질소를 유의적으로 감소시켰으며 19가지 천연물 추출물이 β-hexosaminidase 생성을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 이 중 두 실험 모두 유의적인 결과를 보였던 천연물 추출물은 질경이(Plantago asiatica), 병풀(Centella asiatica), 들깨(Perilla frutescens var. japonica) 이렇게 3가지이었다. 본 연구는 여러 천연물 추출물이 천식에 관여하는 대식세포 및 호염구 활성 억제에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 천식뿐 아니라 대식세포 및 호염구가 관여하는 타 질환에도 적용할 수 있는 천연물 추출물에 대한 기초 연구를 제공한다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by focal loss of cartilage due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways, which produce pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1(IL-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha($TNF-\alpha$), prostaglantin, and nitric oxide(NO). We investigated the anti-arthritic effects of water extracts from Pellodendri cortex and Atractylodis rhizoma in vitro and in vivo. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators(NO, $IL-1\beta$, $TNF-\alpha$, and prostaglandin $E_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. The same results were also observed in the rat osteoblast sarcoma cell line ROS17/2.8 stimulated with $IL-1\beta$, $IFN-\gamma,$ and $TNF-\alpha$. Moreover, the combination of these water extracts significantly suppressed collagen-induced mouse arthritis. These results suggest that the combination of water-extractable components of Pellodendri cortex and Atractylodis rhizoma may be useful for therapeutic drugs against rheumatoid arthritis, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2000

본 연구는 전자현미경적인 방법을 이용하여 흰쥐 기관지와 폐조직에 미치는 간접흡연의 영향을 조사하였다. 실험동물은 1일 3회씩 매회 15분간, 4주 동안 비주류 담배연기를 흡입하도록 하였다. 간접흡연 그룹의 폐조직에서는 세포질내에 다수의 용해소체을 함유하고 있는 중성구, 그리고 다양한 크기의 용해소체와 잔사체를 함유하는 대식 세포가 관찰되었다. 또한 폐포격벽은 팽대되었으며 섬유화현상이 나타났다. 기관지상피는 섬모상피세포가 점차 소실되었고, 분비세포 또는 배상세포들은 그 수가 증가하였으며, 섬모가 소실되고 표면적이 확장된 배상세포도 관찰되었다. 본 연구결과 이러한 미세구조의 변화는 간접흡연에 의한 세포상해의 전형적인 결과로 파악된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2001

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between short-term exposure to particulate air pollutants and increased mortality. However the biological mechanism underlying these associations have not been fully established and also the chemical and physical characteristics of the pollutant particles are not well understood. The metal constituents of air pollutant particles and their bioavailability are considered to Play an important role as possible mediators of Particle-induced airway injury and inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rat alveolar macrophage cells (NR8383) were exposed to airborne and acid-leached particulate matter (PM). Titanium oxide and nickel subsulfide were used as negative and positive controls. Particle-induced reactive oxygen species formation in cells was detected using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Expression of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and PM-induced DNA double-strand breaks were determined with $\lambda$DNA/Hind III marker. Metals associated with air pollutant particles mediated intracellular oxidant production in alveolar macrophages, and the cytotoxicity and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by PM were associated with oxidative stress. The oxidants produced by air pollutant particles also are likely to induce DNA double-strand breaks. Our findings in alveolar macrophage cells exposed to PM and acid-leached PM support the hypothesis that metal components in urban air pollutants and their bioavailabilities might play an Important role in the induction of the adverse health effects.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2003

The fruit of Actinidia polygama (AP) has long been used as a folk medicine in Korea for treating pain, rheumatic arthritis and inflammation. The present investigation was carried out to determine the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of AP using several animal models of inflammation. The 70% ethanol extract of the fruit of AP significantly inhibited acetic acidinduced, vascular permeability in a dose dependent manner (23%, 38%, and 41 % inhibition at doses of 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively). This effect was maintained in AP water-soluble fraction (APW). The APW fraction also showed significant inhibitory activity against the rat paw edema induced by a single treatment of carrageenan. In vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate the inhibitory activities of APW (100 $\mu$ g/ml) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production. The results showed that APW dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages without a notable cytotoxic effect and also decreased inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein expression. APW also showed a significant inhibitory effect in LPS-induced $PGE_2$ production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.628-632
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• 2004

The chloroform and the ethyl acetate fractions from the roots of Acanthopanax chiisanensis exhibited a significant inhibition of prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$）production in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate （TPA）. Hyperin was isolated as an active principle from the ethyl acetate fraction. It sup-pressed not only $PGE_2$ production but also nitric oxide （NO） production in vitro in a concentration dependent manner. their $IC_{50}$, being 24.3 and $32.9{\;}{\mu}M$, respectively. Hyperin also caused a significant inhibition of increase in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice in vivo.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.362-370
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• 1995

Human plasma low density lipoprotein(LDL) is the main carrier for cholesterol, and recent studies suggest the normal LDL can be readily oxidized by free radical and not interact with LDL receptor. Lipoprotein pariticles are consisted of lipid andprotein, and fatty acids of lipoproteins are prone to oxidation. LDL particles readily undergo oxidative modification by copper. From the results, oxidized LDL altered its biological properties. A marked increase in the electrophoretic mobility of LDl on agarose gel indicated that negative surface charge of the LDL particles was increased. Also, the results from the HPLC showed that oxidized LDL was degraded into several polypeptides nonenzymatically. Degradation tests which measured the amount of 5-IAF labelled oxidized LDL were carried out by monocyte and hepatocyte cell culture. Hepatocyte cell culture of modified LDL did not show consistent pattern. However, binding rate of modified LDL with HMDM(human monocyte derived macrophage) was enhanced with oxidation, but was retarded by addition of antioxidants(hyaluronic acid, vitamin A, vitamin E). Also comparisons of oxidized-LDL, acetyl-LDL and MDA-LDL showed significant differences in the chemical properteis and binding affinity to HMDM. Thus, modificaition of normal LDL altered its biological properties.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2016

Culinary mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius has been popular in Asian countries. In this study, the anti-oxidant, cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities of methanol extract (ME) of fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius were evaluted. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy free radical scavenging activity of ME at 2.0 mg/mL was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene, the standard reference. The ME exhibited significantly higher hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxytoluene. ME showed slightly lower but moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase than galantamine, a standard AChE inhibitor. It also exhibited protective effect against cytotoxicity to PC-12 cells induced by glutamate ($10{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$), inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and carrageenan-induced paw edema in a rat model. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the ME of P. pulmonarius contained at least 10 phenolic compounds and some of them were identified by the comparison with known standard phenolics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that fruiting bodies of P. pulmonarius possess antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and inflammation inhibitory activities.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

Certain hexavalent chromium compounds when administered via inhalation have the potential to induce lung injury in human and experimental animals. In present study, the inhalation effect of hexavalent chromium on morphological change and weight change of rat organ were investigated. Rats were exposed to hexavalent chromium ($Na_2CrO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$) at concentration of $0.36mg/m^3$ (group 1), $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 2), ascorbic acid and $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 3) and filtered air (group 0, control group) for I week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks. The weight of lung and kidney in group 2 and group 3 significantly higher than in control group at same exposure period. The epithilial cells of bronchiole in group 1, 2, 3 were more flatten than group 0. In the lung, the number of macrophage was significantly increased and morphologically changed macrophages were observed in group 1, 2, 3. The morphological change of the lung did not significant between group 2 and group 3, however, in group 1 was milder than in group 2 and group 3. The severity of morphological change were depend on exposure period in the lung. The morphological changes by hexavalent chromium of the liver and kidney were also observed These results suggest that inhalation of hexavalent chromium effects on not only respiratory organ, but also the liver and the kidney via blood stream.