• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2003

정보통신과 디지털기술의 변화가 진행되면서 물리적 공간과 디지털 공간이 결합된 새로운 공간개념으로서 유비쿼터스 공간이 주목받고 있다. 그러나 '모든 곳에 동시에 존재 한다' 라 는 라틴어.의 의미 자체에서 보듯이 유비쿼터스 공간은 그동안 물리적인 속성보다 기술 분야와 같은 비 물리적인 측면을 중심으로 논의가 진행돼 왔다. 간혹 유비쿼터스 도시론을 제시 한 경우는 있었지만, 개별적인 정보서비스의 체계화나 네트워크화와 같은 기술적인 측면에 치중해 왔다. 그러나 마크와이저나 사카무라 겐 등의 학자들이 이러한 개념을 주창한 이면에는 기술에 의해 중심에서 밀려난 인간을 다시 중심에 두고자 하는 의도를 갖고 있다. 이를 위해선 휴먼인터페이스의 혁신이 절대적으로 필요하다. 기술이 발달함에 따라 '유비쿼터스 공간' 구현이 실제 가능해지면서 이를 실제 공간에 적용시키려는 노력들이 등장하고 긴다. 본 연구의 사례들은 미국, 일본, 한국 등의 프로젝트를 중심으로 물리공간에 전자공간을 자연스럽게 중첩시키는 유비쿼터스 환경 구현을 목적으로 하고 여지만, 아직까지는 기술적인 측면이 중심이 되어 도시생활과 분리된 실험실의 성격을 지닌 공간의 성격이 크다고 할 수 있다. 앞으로는 공간에 존재하는 모든 대상물들을 기능적 공간적으로 연결해 이를 현실 세계와 자연스럽게 효과적으로 결합해 유비쿼터스 공간 환경이 구현 될 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 현재 진행되고 있는 국내외 프로젝트에 대한 조사와 이러한 연구와 병행되어져야 하는 유비쿼터스 공간개발 신공간 개발 방향에 관하여 이야기 하고자 한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.367-380
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• 1988

Most of the gold (-silver) vein deposits at Yeongdong District are mainly distributed in the precambrian metamorphic rocks. Based on the Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios, the chemical composition of electrum and the associated sulfides, the gold(-silver) deposits at Yeongdong District may be classified into 4 classes: pyrrhotite - type gold deposits( I), pyrite - type gold deposits (IT A; massive vein), pyrite - type gold deposits (II B; nonmassive vein) and argentite - type gold - silver deposits(III). The chemical study on electrum(including native gold) revealed that Au content (2.8 to 92.4 atomic%) of electrums varies very widely for different classes of deposits. The Au content of electrum associated with pyrrhotite (Class I), ranging from 47.1 to 92.4 atomic% Au, is clearly higher than that associated with pyrite (Classes IIA, IIB and III). In contrast, classes I, II, and III deposits do not show clear differences in Au content of electrum. In general, pyrrhotite - type gold deposits(I) are characterized by features such as simply massive vein morphology, low values in the Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios, the absence or rarity of silver - bearing minerals except electrum, and distinctively simple mineralogy. Although the geological and mineralogical features and vein morphology of pyrite - type gold deposits(IIA)are very similar to those of pyrrhotite - type gold deposits (I), Class II A deposits reveal significant differences in the associated iron sulfide (i. e. pyrite) with electrum and Au content of electrum. The Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios from Class II A deposits are relatively slightly higher than those from Class I deposits. Pyrite - type gold deposits(II B) and argentite - type gold - silver deposits (III) have many common features; complex vein morphology, medium to high values in the Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios and the associated iron sulfide (i. e. pyrite). In contrast to Class II B deposits, Class III deposits have significantly high Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratios. It indicates distinct difference in the abundance of silver minerals (i. e. native silver and argentite). The fluid inclusion analyses and mineralogical data of electrum tarnish method indicate that the gold mineralization of Classes I and II A deposits was deposited at temperatures between $230^{\circ}$ and $370^{\circ}C$, whereas the gold (-silver) mineralization of Classes ITB and ill formed from the temperature range of $150^{\circ}-290^{\circ}C$. Therefore, Classes I and IT A deposits have been formed at higher temperature condition and/or deeper positions than Classes IIB and III.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 1975

In spite of great advances in surgical treatment during past several decades, surgery of the trachea failed to develop correspondingly, partly because of relative rarity of the tracheal lesions and partly because of difficulties in surgical technique and anesthesia. Surgical diseases of the trachea are largely obstructions due to neoplasm or cicatrical stenosis and tracheal malacia. The present treatment of respiratory failure, using cuffed endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes, has produced, apparently with increasing frequency, tracheal stenosis, tracheomalized tracheal erosion. Surgery is presently the only reasonable way to treat stenotic lesions of the tracheobronchial tree. In the case of tumors, the current trend has been that of radical excision. Primary end-to--end reconstruction of the trachea has been generally recognized as the ideal method of repair following resection. However, for decades it was believed that a maximum of four tracheal rings only might be excised and primary healing achieved with safety. A great variety of procedures, developed by numerous investigations and directed at tracheal substitution, have almost invariably met with discouraging results. A meticulous study done by Grillo and associates on autopsy specimens has shown that an average 6.4cm of mediastinal trachea can be safely resected by full mobilization of the right lung and transplantation of the left main bronchus into the bronchus intermedius. Recently, we experienced a case of successful resection of a tumor of the tracheal carina and primary tracheo-left main bronchial anastomosis at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, the National Medical Center in Seoul. The patient, a 29-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of dyspnea and cough. On admission, chest film showed hydropneumothorax on the right. After closed thoracostomy, hydropneumothorax disappeared, but hazy densities, developed in the right middle and lower lung fields, resisted to treatment. Bronchoscopy uncovered irregular tumor covering the carina and the right main bronchus, and biopsy indicated well differentiated squamous Cell carcinoma. Operation was performed on July 2, 1975. A right postero-lateral thoracotomy was used. Excision involved the lower trachea, the carina, the left main bronchus and the right lung. This was followed by direct anastomosis between the trachea and the left main bronchus. Bronchography was done on 17th postoperative day revealed good result of operation without stricture at the site ofanastomosis. About one month after the operation symptoms and signs of bronchial irritation with dyspnea developed, and these responded to respiratory care. On 82nd postoperative day, sudden dyspnea developed at night and the patient expired several hours later. Autopsy was not done and the cause of death was uncertain.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.96-99
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• 2009

좌관상동맥동과 비관상동맥동에서 발생하여 좌심실로 파열된 발살바동 동맥류에 기인한 울혈성 심부전을 주소로 내원한 37세 남자 환자의 수술적 체험 1예를 보고하고자 한다. 술전 심초음파에서 발살바동 주위의 낭성 구조물이 관찰되었고 좌심실 비대와 심한 대동맥판폐쇄부전이 관찰되었고 발살바동맥류와 대동맥-좌심실터널을 감별진단의 범주에 두었다. 수술 소견에서 좌관상동맥동과 비관상동맥동 모두 좌심실로 통하는 누공을 가지고 있었다. 좌심실로 파열된 누공은 bovine pericardium으로 봉합하였으며 대동맥근부는 21 mm St. Jude Epic Supra tissue valve와 24 mm Hemashild의 복합도관을 사용하여 교정된 Bentall 수술을 시행하였다. 환자는 수술 후 15일째 퇴원하였으며, 2개월간 정기적으로 외래추적 관찰중이다. 이에 저자들은 본 질환의 희귀성과 함께 수술적 방법을 알리고자 증례보고 하는 바이다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2011

목적: 견관절에 발생한 만성 재발성 다발성 골수염의 진단 및 치료 경험을 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 견관절에 발생한 만성 재발성 다발성 골수염을 가진 16세 남자 환자에 대해 관절경하 변연 절제술 및 Naproxen을 이용한 치료를 시행하였다. 결과: 치료 후 16개월 동안 추시상 재발 없이 증상이 소실되었다. 결론: 만성 재발성 다발성 골수염은 비특이적 임상 양상과 드문 발병률 때문에 진단에 어려움이 있는 질환이다. 저자들은 16세 남자 환자에서 견관절에 발생한 만성 재발성 다발성 골수염 1예를 경험 하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2000

Objectives: Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that originates from the olfactory sensory cells. This tumor grows from the upper nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus and invades surrounding structures through the cribriform plate into intracranium or orbit in advanced stage. Even though there has been some controversies in determining standard treatment due to rarity of this tumor, the combination treatment of surgery and adjuvant radiation has been recommended for the locally advanced esthesioneuroblastomas. However, the recent clinical experiences of advanced cases showed that combination chemotherapy is highly effective to reduce tumor mass and improve clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 6 esthesioneuroblastoma patients who were treated in our hospital from 1986. Results: The age of these patients was between 19 and 86 year-old. Among the 6 cases, 2 were diagnosed at stage B and 4 at stage C, according to Kadish classification. Anti-tumor treatments were performed in 5 patients. One patient refused active treatment and was lost to follow-up. Better survival outcome were observed in 3 patients who were treated with combination chemotherapy alone or combined modality treatment including chemotherapy. Conclusion: Based on our retrospective study, the combined treatment consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and combination chemotherapy should be used to improve treatment results. And furthermore, innovative clinical approaches such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation, which have been reported to have good therapeutic results, should be considered and applied actively.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2009

도로건설은 생물서식지를 단절시키고 고립시키는 등 생태환경 훼손이 우려되고 있으며, 도로건설에 따른 환경영향을 최소화하고 생물서식환경을 보존하기 위한 종합적인 평가기법의 개발 및 적용에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자연생태계의 자연성뿐만 아니라 동물이 서식하는 생태계의 기능을 고려한 보전가치평가기법을 적용하여 이를 도면화 할 수 있는 서식처평가지도를 개발하고자 하였다. 서식처보전가치평가에 적용한 평가 항목은 크게 자연성, 희귀성, 기능성 항목의 3가지 항목으로 선정하였으며 이에 따른 세부평가항목을 구성하였다. GIS를 이용하여 평가기준에 따라 중요도에 대한 수치지도를 작성하였다. 연구결과 나타난 수치지도는 단순히 동물과 식물의 종 조성이나 분포에만 한정된 것이 아니라 서식처 보전을 위한 종합적인 생태계 평가기법이 가능함을 보여주었고, 이를 통하여 생태계 파괴 및 생물 서식처 단절을 최소화 한 환경친화적인 도로건설에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the success factors pertaining to K-POPs from an analysis of the internal business environment. Much research has investigated Korean Moves or how to popularize them. The research mainly focused on aspects of Korean Moves. However, few studies have attempted to examine Korean Moves or K-POPs from a managerial viewpoint. The current research tries to investigate the success factors of K-POP from strategic perspectives, specifically utilizing internal resource based view perspectives. It differentiates itself by looking at the competitiveness of K-POP from the internal resources. Research design, data, and methodology - In the entertainment industry, where creativity is heavily stressed, competitiveness is often regarded within the organization as a form of intangible asset, knowledge, or technology that is often related with the organization's personnel. Some research has tried to reveal the competitiveness of K-POP using Porter's competitiveness of nations framework. Others utilize the adapted model of Porter's structure. However, these models only look at the outside environment, and not inside a firm's resource, knowledge, or capabilities. This research utilizes the VRIO model to examine the internal resources and capabilities of K-POP producers. The model measures whether a firm's internal resources and capabilities are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate by competitors, or organizable. The research covered businesses whose yearly revenue exceeds $10 Million in music planning and recording in South Korea. There were only thirteen such companies (one percent of the total population). Of these, companies for whom 20 percent or more of the sales revenue comes from the abroad are targeted. Only seven are selected and these participated in the research. In order to find a firm's internal resources, we conducted qualitative research methodology. Their business names and persons who participated in this research are not revealed due to case sensitive issues. Instead, we use unrelated initials for their names and their statements. Results - From the in-depth interview with top-tier K-POP producers and managers, the current research tried to identify resources and capabilities that helped to strengthen their competitiveness. These resources and capabilities are sought from the scope of the VRIO model, which looks at the internal resources and capabilities from the scope of value, rarity, imitability, and organization. Interviews with the top tier producers and managers reveal the internal success factors of K-POPs. We conclude that these resources and capabilities are from internally accumulated producing know-how, unique managing (training) system, and outstanding all-round entertainment capabilities of the performers. Conclusions - These results indicate that the core resources and capabilities of K-POP are robust. It will take a significant amount of time and money to imitate for followers, because these resources and capabilities are the result of time investment and are embedded into producers' and performers' know-how. Taking Luo (2000)'s argument, K-POP is in the second stage of the globalization process, which is configuring and allocation resource capabilities to a global scope.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

색소 융모 결절성 활액막염은 드물게 발생하는 단관절성 병변으로 비특이적 증상 발현으로 인해 진단이 어려운 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 관절경적 시술로 진단 및 제거술을 시행 받았던 11명의 환자를 대상으로 임상 양상, 진단 및 치료 결과를 조사하였다. 모든 예에서 조직학 소견상 색소 융모 결절성 활액막염에 합당한 소견을 나타내었다. 6명은 남자였고 5명은 여자였으며, 연령층은 15세에서 59세(평균 34.6세) 였다. 증상발현 기간은 2개월에서 3년으로 관찰 되었고 (평균 29.9개월), 11례 모두에서 수술전 슬관절 동통을 호소하였다. 4례에서는 외상의 과거력이, 9례에서는 1개의 종물이 발견되었으나 나머지 2례에서 각각 2개 3개의 종물이 관찰되었다. 11례 중 5례가 내측 반월판 전각 부위의 활액막에서 발견되었으며, 2례는 슬개하 지방 그리고 나머지는 각각 슬개상부, 후내측 구획, 외측 반월 연골의 전방, 내측 구에서 1례씩 관찰되었다. 수술 후 평균 29.9개월의 추시 관찰상 11례 모두 재발의 소견은 관찰되지 않았다. 색소 융모 결절성 활액막염의 치료에 있어서 관절경 수술은 최소한의 이환율을 가지며 진단과 치료가 동시에 가능한 좋은 치료 방법 중 하나로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8293-8298
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• 2016

Background: Urinary stones are known predisposing factors for upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUTC) which are commonly detected at advanced stage with poor outcome because of rarity and lack of specific criteria for early detection. Aims and objectives: The main aim was to evaluate the impact of age, gender andstone characteristics on risk of developing UUTC in patients with chronic nephrolithiasis. We also discuss the role of aberrant angiogenesis (AA) and immunohistochemical expression of p53, p16INK4a, CK20 and Ki-67 in diagnosis of pelvicalyceal neoplastic (NL) and pre-neoplastic lesions (PNL) in these patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of pelvicalyceal urothelial lesions from 88 nephrectomy specimens were carried out in a tertiary care centre from June 2012 to December 2014. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 37 selected cases. Computed image analysis was performed to analyse aberrant angiogenesis. Results: All UUTC (5.7%) and metaplastic lesions were found to be associated with stones. Some 60% were pure squamous cell carcinoma and 40% were transitional cell carcinoma. Odd ratios for developing NL and PNL lesions in presence of renal stone, impacted stones, multiple and large stag horn stones were 9.39 (95% CI 1.15-76.39, p value 0.05), 6.28 (95% CI 1.59-24.85, p value 0.000) and 7.4 (95% CI, 2.29-23.94, p value 0.001) respectively. When patient age was ${\geq}55$, the odds ratio for developing NL was 3.43 (95% CI 1.19-9.88, p value 0.019). IHC analysis showed that mean Ki-67 indices were $3.15{\pm}3.63%$ for non-neoplastic lesions, $10.0{\pm}9.45%$ for PNL and $28.0{\pm}18.4%$ for NL. Sensitivity and specificity of CK20, p53, p16INK4a, AA were 76% and 95.9%; 100% and 27.5%; 100% and 26.5%; 92.3 % and 78.8% respectively. Conclusions: Age ${\geq}55years$, large stag horn stones, multiple stones and impacted stones are found to be associated with increased risk of NL and PNL in UUT. For flat lesions, a panel of markers, Ki 67 index >10 and presence of aberrant angiogenesis were more useful than individual markers.