• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.2635-2639
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• 2013

The rapid and accurate identification of biological agents is a critical step in the case of bio-terror and biological warfare attacks. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been widely used for the identification of microorganisms. In this study, we describe a method for the rapid and accurate discrimination of Bacillus anthracis spores using MALDI-TOF MS. Our direct in-situ analysis of MALDI-TOF MS does not involve subsequent high-resolution mass analyses and sample preparation steps. This method allowed the detection of species-specific biomarkers from each Bacillus spores. Especially, B. anthracis spores had specific biomarker peaks at 2503, 3089, 3376, 6684, 6698, 6753, and 6840 m/z. Cluster and PCA analyses of the mass spectra of Bacillus spores revealed distinctively separated clusters and within-groups similarity. Therefore, we believe that this method is effective in the real-time identification of biological warfare agents such as B. anthracis as well as other microorganisms in the field.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

In the event of a disaster, we need people who specialize in rapid regional disaster recovery. However, in the present disaster response system, disaster relief is carried out at the level of public support, volunteer service, etc. There are various problems such as initial response due to lack of expertise, delays in disaster recovery, and inadequate response to disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unit with early ability to respond to local governments in the event of a disaster and expertise to enable rapid disaster recovery. Therefore, this study limited the preparation of the reserve forces emergency response units for the direction of local security, disaster relief and disaster relief through emergency disaster recovery under the disaster situation.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.673-676
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• 1998

The Rapid Expansion of Supercritical fluid Solutions (RESS) process was applied to particles coating. Experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed with an internal nozzle in the center of the reaction tube. Pure glass beads (500~590$\mu$m, 74~149$\mu$m) and glass beads covered with brilliant blue were used as the core particles. Supercritical $CO_2$ solutions of paraffin were expanded through the nozzle into the bed that was fluidized by air. The precipitate coating materials on core surface was analyzed by using SEM, FT-IR. The releasing behavior of brilliant blue was inspected by atomic absorbance spectrophotometer. The release behavior of coated particles superior to noncoated particles.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.212-219
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• 1998

Unburned hydrocarbon is a key contributor to both the fuel economy and emissions of automotive engine. Cyclic variation of HC emission is of importance, especially during throttle transients. The real time measurement of hydrocarbon is particularly important to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms for combustion and emissions, especially during cold start and throttle transient condition. This paper reports the cycle resolved measurement technique of unburned hydrocarbons to quantify rapid changes of in-cylinder concentration in the vicinity of spark plug by using the Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). While this instrument actually measures fuel concentration, its results can be indicative of the AFR behaviour. In order to understand the rapid change of hydrocarbons with cylinder pressure, it is necessary to study the response time delay of the system, including the time associated with gas transportation to FID. And signal from FRFID is correlated with cylinder pressure data to relate changes in mixture preparation to the classic analysis, such as indicated mean effective(IMEF) and ignition delay, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.726-733
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• 1994

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric (MS) detection were used in rapid analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) in air particulate material extracted for 30 min with 10 ml of supercritical $N_2O$ without another sample preparation step. Two samples, urban dust in Seoul area and a certified air particulate reference material 1649 supplied by the NBS (National Bureau of Standards), were processed for the purpose of evaluating extraction and analysis methods. As a result, the quantitative recovery of PAH's in the SFE method was relatively lower than conventional organic solvent extraction methods, but reproducibility was resonable, and analysis time was reduced remarkably. The method has proved to be suitable for monitoring of PAH's in air particulate material.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.812-817
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• 1995

Rapid and selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds is of important for the preparation of amino derivertives in organic synthesis, particularly when a molecule has other reducible substituents. While Bakers' Yeast has been used for the enantioselective reduction of carbonyl compounds, little attention has been paid to the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with Bakers' Yeast. Nitro group of m-bromonitrobenzene was selectively and rapidly reduced to corresponding amino derivative in good yield by Bakers' Yeast in basic solution. Furthermore, nitrosobenzene was rapidly reduced to aniline in good yield by Bakers' Yeast under neutral condition. In this paper, we wish to report a rapid and simple reduction of m-bromonitrobenzene and nitrosobenzene to the corresponding amino derivatives using Bakers' Yeast. And the effects of various agents, temperature and pH on the reduction will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

CD4+ T-cell count determines the effectiveness for antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although ART slows the progression of HIV to AIDS, rapid counting of CD4+ T lymphocytes with a drop of patient's blood sample is urgently needed to ensure timely ART treatment in rural areas. Recently point-of-care CD4 testing devices have been developed by using non-flow based imaging cytometer incorporated with a sample cartridge where CD4+ T cells are reacted with fluorescently tagged specific antibodies. Here we conducted an experimental study using a conventional fluorescence microscope-based imaging system to quantitate the interaction of CD4 antibodies with CD4+ T cells at different reaction conditions. We demonstrated that a fast and affordable point-of-care CD4 test is feasible with a far less amount of antibodies and a shorter incubation time compared with a conventional sample preparation protocol for flow cytometry. We also proposed a general method to evaluate and compare the detection limit across different CD4 counting platforms by using fluorescently labelled microbeads for intensity calibration.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2010

Here we describe a fast and rapid technique for preparation of amino acid hydrazide as well as peptide hydrazide derivatives using diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC)/1-hydroxybenzotriazoles (HOXt) (X = A or B) under microwave irradiation employing a multimode reactor (Synthos 3000 Aton Paar, GmbH, 1400 W maximum magnetron). A comparison between conventional and microwave irradiation was described. The microwave methodology is rapid, convenient, proceeds under mild conditions. Diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC)/7-aza-1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOAt) always gave much better yield (95 - 98%) and purity than diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC)/1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.651-657
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• 2020

Lotus is one of the most important aquatic vegetables in China. Previously, we detected sweet potato latent virus from lotus (SPLV-lotus) and found that it has highly significant sequence diversity with SPLV-sweet potato isolates (SPLV-sp). Here, we developed serological methods for the detection of SPLV-lotus in Chinese lotus cultivation areas. Based on the high sensitivity of SPLV-lotus coat protein antiserum, rapid, sensitive and large-scale diagnosis methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot blot in lotus planting area were developed. The established ELISA and dot blot diagnostic methods can be used to detect SPLV-lotus from samples successfully. And our results also showed that the SPLV-lotus and sweet potato isolates appeared clearly distinction in serology. Our study provides a high-throughput, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic method based on serology that can detect SPLV on lotus, which is suggested to be included in viral disease management approach due to its good detection level.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2019

The present study is focused on the mechanical and durability properties of ternary blended cement concrete mix of different grades 30 MPa, 50 MPa and 70 MPa. Three mineral admixtures (fly ash, silica fume and lime sludge) were used as a partial replacement of cement in the preparation of blended concrete mix. The durability of ternary blended cement concrete mix was studied by exposing it to acids HCl and $H_2SO_4$ at 5% concentration. Acid mass loss factors (AMLF), acid strength loss factor (ASLF) and acid durability factor (ADF) were determined, and the results were compared with the control mix. Chloride ions penetration was investigated by conducting rapid chlorination penetration test and accelerated corrosion penetration test on control mix and ternary blended cement concrete. From the results, it was evident that the usage of these mineral admixtures is having a beneficiary role on the strength as well as durability properties. The results inferred that the utilization of these materials as a partial replacement of cement have significantly enhanced the compressive strength of blended concrete mix in 30 MPa, 50 MPa and 70 MPa by 42.95%, 32.48% and 22.79%. The blended concrete mix shown greater resistance to acid attack compared to control mix concrete. Chloride ion ingress of the blended cement concrete mix was low compared to control mix implying the beneficiary role of mineral admixtures.