• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.404-407
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• 1996

The effects of carbon sources on vancomycin production were investigated using Nocardia orientalis CSVC 3300. Among carbon sources tested, glucose, maltose and fructose were effective for the production of vancomycin. Glucose was favored for growth, but decrease the production of vancomycin at the concentration above 7.5%. In comparison, maltose did not decrease the production of vancomycin up to the concentration of 20%. When the mixture of glucose and maltose was used in the ratio 1:3 to 1:4, the highest production of vancomycin was achieved. When glucose concentration was set at 3.0%, catabolite repression could not be observed up to total sugar concentration of 16.0%. Fermentation was carried out using commercial hydrolyzed starch composed of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose, The initial glucose concentration was set at 3.0% and subsequent oligosaccharide consumption was monitored by checking their supernatant with HPLC. During initial cultivation for 38 hour, glucose was the sole carbon source leading to rapid growth. After cell growth stopped, the maltose and glucose concentrations increased due to degradation of maltotriose and maltotetraose, but glucose level was maintained at around 3.0%. After 70 hour fermentation, maltose slowly converted to glucose, and vancomycin production continued during the period.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

Biofuel has been considered as promising renewable energy to solve various problems that result from increasing usage of fossil fuels since the early 20th century. In terms of chemical and physical properties as fuel, biobutanol has more merits than bioethanol. It could replace gasoline for transportation and industrial demand is increasing significantly. Production of butanol can be achieved by chemical synthesis or by microbial fermentation. The water hyacinth, an aquatic macrophyte, originated from tropical South America but is currently distributed all over the world. Water hyacinth has excellent water purification capacity and it can be utilized as animal feed, organic fertilizer, and biomass feedstock. However, it can cause problems in the rivers and lakes due to its rapid growth and dense mats formation. In this study, the potential of water hyacinth was evaluated as a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in biobutanol fermentation by using Clostridium beijerinckii. Water hyacinth was converted to water hyacinth hydrolysate medium through pretreatment and saccharification. It was found that productivity of water hyacinth hydrolysate medium on biobutanol production was comparable to general medium.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

We compared the fermentation of 0 to 4 weeks by manufacturing a rapid low salt-fermented seahorse with a commercial Protamex added to the functional food, Hippocampus abdominalis. We studied amino acid composition, content and major amino acids related to flavor during the fermentation process of salt-fermented seahorse. In the enzyme-free group, it showed little change in the content of non-protein nitrogenous compounds, the content of amino acids and degree of hydrolysis. The Protamex enzyme treatment group was rapidly hydrolyzed in one week of ripening, resulting in increased non-protein nitrogenous compounds content, amino acid content and degree of hydrolysis, and minimal changes in the four weeks. The total amino acid contents ratio showed the highest content of glutamic acid in the enzyme additive group, glycine, alanine, which indicates sweet taste, and serine, the content of glycine, alanine, serine, and lysine, indicating sweet taste, has increased significantly over the enzyme-free group. Twenty species of free amino acid in the four-week of salt-fermented seahorse were detected. It detected 43.0% (6 species) in the enzyme-free group and 63.96% (7 species) in the enzyme additive group.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 1990

매쇄 정어리 육에 정어리 자가 소화액 및 정어리 코오지를 첨가하여 발효 숙성시키므로서 질소 함량이 높고 풍미가 양호한 숙성 정어리 제조조건을 검토하였다. 정어리 자가 소화액의 제조조건은 마쇄한 정어리육에 $80\%$ 가수한 후 $55^{\circ}C$에서 180 r.p.m.으로 교반하면서 6시간 자가소화 시키는 것이 적합하였다. 속성 정어리 액젓 제조를 위한 식염 농도 및 발효 온도는 각각 $15\%$ 및 $40^{\circ}C$가 적당하였으며 마쇄정어리 육에 자가 소화액 및 정어리 기질 코오지를 각각 $10\%$ 첨가하고 식염, 밀가루, 정어리 자가 소화액을 각각 $15\%$, $10\%$ 및 $150\%$ 비율이 되도록 혼합한 후 $40^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 발효시키므로서 향미가 양호하고 질소함량이 높은 속성 정어리 액젓을 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.192-199
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• 1991

우분(牛糞)을 양질(良質)의 유기질비료(有機質肥料)로 제조(製造) 하는데 필수적(必須的)인 속성퇴비제조기술(速成堆肥製造技術)을 개발(開發)하기 위해 3년간(年間)('88~'90년(年)) 우분단독(牛糞單獨)과 우분(牛糞)에 충진제(充嗔劑)(볏짚, 나무껍질, 나무껍질, 톱밥)를 각각(各各) 1:2 부피비로 혼합(混合)한 처리구(處理區)들을 야외(野外)에 퇴적(堆積)한 후(後) 공기흡입장치(空氣吸入裝置)를 이용(利用) 호기적(好氣的) 발효조건(醱酵條件)으로 부숙(腐熟) 시킨후(後) 비닐하우스내(內)에서 후숙시험(後熟試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 부숙기간중(腐熟其間中)(20일간(日間)) 부숙온도(腐熟溫度)는 퇴적후(堆積後) 7~9일(日)에 최고(最高)에 이르렀고 온도상승(溫度上昇) 효과면에서는 '88~'89년(年) 우분(牛糞)+나무껍질구(區) 혹은 우분(牛糞)+나무조각구(區) 및 우분(牛糞)+볏짚구(區)가 우분단독구(牛糞單獨區) 또는 우분(牛糞)+톱밥구(區)에 비해 높았다. 2. 후숙기간중(後熟其間中)(20일간(日間)) 퇴적내(堆積內) 온도(溫度)는 '90년도(年度) 우분구(牛糞區)를 제외(除外)한 각(各) 처리구(處理구)에서 $40^{\circ}C$ 이상(以上) 유지(維持)되었다. 3. 부숙기간중(腐熟其間中) 시료(試料)의 T-C 및 C/N율(率)은 중기(中期)에 높았다가 후기(後期)로 갈수록 낮아졌다. 4. 후숙기간중(後熟其間中) 시료(試料)의 T-N은 전반적(全般的)으로 일정(一定)한 경향(傾向)이 없었으나 T-C 및 C/N율(率)은 부숙기간(腐熟其間)과 동일(同一)한 경향(傾向)을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2002

Whole forage sorghum (saccharatum) cultivar FS5 was harvested at the soft dough ($303{\pm}9g\;kg^{-1}$ DM) stage of maturity. The sorghum was chopped into approximately 20 mm pieces and ensiled under laboratory conditions in 1.5 L Weck glass jars. At ensiling, it was treated with two commercial silage inoculants: Pioneer 1188 (Inoculant A) and Eco-corn (Inoculant B). The inoculant A and B was applied at ca $2{\times}10^5$ or $2{\times}10^4$ colony forming units $g^{-1}$ DM., respectively. Silage with no additives served as a control. Three jars per treatment were opened on days 2, 4, 8, 15 and 60 post-ensiling to study fermentation dynamics. After 60 days of ensiling the silages were analyzed and subjected to an aerobic stability test lasting 5 days. Results showed that both inoculants caused a more rapid rate of pH decrease and a higher amount of lactic acid production. All the silages were well preserved and were stable upon exposure to air. Inoculants did not influence (p>0.05) the ash and total N contents, but tended to reduce acetic acid (p<0.05), butyric acid (p<0.01) and propionic acid (p<0.01) contents, and to increase the lactic acid content (p<0.01). The lower DM content of silages treated with Inoculant A agrees with the greater gas loss resulting from the DM loss, which was in good agreement with the higher yeast counts upon aerobic exposure. Silage treated with inoculant B had the highest DM (p<0.05) and lactic acid contents (p<0.01), and the lowest acetic acid content (p<0.05), which agrees with the rapid reduction of pH and smaller gas loss. Inoculant B reduced the ADF (p<0.01), ADL and NDF (p<0.05) contents, which also indicates smaller losses of organic soluble material. The control silages contained the highest levels of volatile fatty acids but no lactic acid, indicating secondary fermentation. It was concluded that both inoculants may improve the fermentation process, since silages from all treatments were stable upon aerobic exposure, noadvantage could be attributed to any of the inoculants used.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1610-1610
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• 2001

Microbiological examination of silage is of little value in gauging the outcome of silage, and so chemical analysis is more reliable and meaningful indicator of quality. On the other hand chemical assessments of the principal fermentation products provide an unequivocal basis on which to judge quality. Livestock require energy, protein, minerals and vitamins from their food. While fresh forages provide these essential items, conserved forages on the other hand may be deficient in one or more of them. The aim of the conservation process is to preserve as many of the original nutrients as possible, particularly energy and protein components (Woolford, 1984). Silage fermentation is important to preservation of forage with respect of feeding value and animal performance. Chemical and bacteriological changes in the silo during the fermentation process can affect adversely nutrient yield and quality (Moe and Carr, 1984). Many of the important chemical components of silage must be assayed in fresh or by extraction of the fresh material, since drying either by heat or lyophilisation, volatilises components such as acids or nitrogenous components, or effects conversion to other compounds (Abrams et al., 1987). Maize silage dorms the basis of winter rations for the vast majority of dairy and beef cattle production in Uruguay. Since nutrient intake, particularly energy, from forages is influenced by both voluntary dry matter intake and digestibility; there is a need for a rapid technique for predicting these parameters in farm advisory systems. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) is increasingly used as a rapid, accurate method of evaluating chemical constituents in cereals and dried forages. For many years NIRS was applied to assess chemical composition in dry materials (Norris et al., 1976, Flinn et al., 1992; Murray, 1993, De Boever et al., 1996, De la Roza et al., 1998). The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the potential of NIRS to assess the chemical composition of dried maize samples and (2) to attempt calibrations on undried samples either for farm advisory systems or for animal nutrition research purposes in Uruguay. NIRS were used to assess the chemical composition of whole - plant maize silage samples (Zea mays, L). A representative population of samples (n = 350) covering a wide distribution in chemical characteristics were used. Samples were scanned at 2 nm intervals over the wavelength range 400-2500 nm in a NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD, USA) in reflectance mode. Cross validation was used to avoid overfitting of the equations. The optimum calibrations were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation (SECV). The calibration statistics were R$^2$ 0. 86 (SECV: 11.4), 0.90 (SECV: 5.7), 0.90 (SECV: 16.9) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) in g kg$\^$-1/ on dry matter, respectively for maize silage samples. This work demonstrates the potential of NIRS to analyse whole - maize silage in a wide range of chemical characteristics for both advisory farm and nutritive evaluation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.256-259
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• 1983

비료자원(肥料資源)으로서 유망시(有望視)되는 주정오이(酒精汚泥)의 비효(肥效) 및 시용적량(施用適量)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 수도(水稻)에 시용(視用)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 주정오이(酒精汚泥)의 무기화(無機化)는 퇴비(堆肥)에 비(比)하여 비교적(比較的) 빨랐으며 수도생육량(水稻生育量) 및 식물체중(植物體中) N함량(含量)은 오이시용량(汚泥施用量)이 증가(增加)되었으나 수량(收量)은 1.600kg/10a부터 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)되어 수도(水稻)에서 오이(汚泥)의 적정시용량(適正施用量)은 800kg/10a로 추정(推定)되었다. 따라서 주정오이(酒精汚泥)는 유기질비료자원(有機質肥料資源) 및 토양개량제(土壤改良劑)로 활용(活用)이 가능(可能)할 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.229-241
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• 2015

본 연구는 Oenococcus oeni의 동시접종(co-incculation)이 국내 MBA(Muscat Baily A) 와인의 품질에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 이번 실험을 위해 시료와인이 5가지로 구분되었다. 실험결과는 S+O.Co 와인처럼 Oeococcus oeni의 동시접종이 와인생산 시간의 단축과 고품질의 와인생산 가능성을 보여주었다. 다른 시료 와인들과 비교해 봤을 때, S+O.Co 와인은 가장 많은 Oeococcus oeni의 생균수를 보유했으며, 사과산 함량은 빠른 속도로 상당량이 감소되었으나, 젖산은 빠른 속도로 매우 많은 양이 증가되었다. Oeococcus oeni와 효모의 동시접종은 알코올 발효와 젖산 발효를 14일에서 16일이면 동시에 끝낼 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구는 Oeococcus oeni가 동시 접종된 와인이 품질 향상, 와인양조 과정의 시간적 단축, 생산성 증대 효과를 보여주었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.470-473
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• 2005

큰느타리버섯을 첨가한 김치를 제조하여 숙성시키면서 품질 특성의 변화를 측정하였다. 큰느타리버섯 김치의 숙성기간에 따른 pH를 측정한 결과 처리간의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 적정산도는 pH와 반대 경향으로 나타났었다. 큰느타리버섯 김치의 총균수와 유산균수는 발효 16일경에 최대치를 보였으며, 그 이후에 감소하였다. Radical 소거능은 대조구 보다는 버섯이 첨가된 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며, 데침 버섯 처리구가 가장 우수하였다. 숙성 6일경의 김치의 관능평가 결과 전반적으로 버섯처리구에서 신맛이 대조구보다 높게 나타났으며, 조직감은 대조구가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 데침 버섯채 김치가 radical 소거능 및 종합적인 기호도에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.