• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-51
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• 2019

This case study aimed to investigate changes in self-expression following participation in a rap making program with adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. The rap making program was constructed based on the contextual support music therapy model. Three adolescent survivors of childhood cancer participated in six 80-minute individual sessions. During the sessions, each participant engaged in the following tasks: song discussion, lyric creation, and rapping over a selected beat. At pre and posttest, the Self-Expression Scale was completed by participants. Their verbal expressions lyrics were observed during the sessions, and individual interviews with the participants were conducted at the completion of the program. The results demonstrated that the mean rating of the Self-Expression Scale increased after the rap making intervention. Analysis of the participants' verbal expressions and lyrics demonstrated that participants were experiencing difficulties adjusting to school that they wanted to resolve. Furthermore, the analysis of the interviews at posttest found that participants experienced positive changes in self-perception, self-expression, and expectations for their future, compared to the pretest when the participants expressed negative self-perceptions due to difficulties in interpersonal relationships at school and physical limitations. This indicates that rap making can be an effective resource for providing this population with the means to recognize positive attributes about themselves and improve self-expression.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.135-143
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• 2006

This study evaluated the fatigue resistance characteristics of hot-mix recycled asphalt mixtures which were prepared by a new blending method. Since the binder of RAP shows higher viscosity without being rejuvenated in the ordinary recycled mixture, this new(modified) blending method was developed for obtaining more uniform level of binder viscosity in the recycled mixture. Cold-planned RAP was collected and mix design was performed using 15% RAP content for two virgin aggregate, gneiss and granite. Penetration grade of 60-80 asphalt was used in mixing recycled mixture together with a polymer modifier, LDPE. Indirect tensile fatigue tests were carried out to evaluate characteristics of fatigue resistance of performance of recycled asphalt mixtures. The recycled mixtures with LDPE 6% showed higher repeated loading fatigue life. Fatigue life ratio of new(N) mixing method mixtures was approximately 0.6-0.7 before aging and 0.8-1.0 after aging treatment of ordinary(O) mixing method mixture. This means the N mixture becomes stronger with aging process increase. If further aging is treated, N mixture may be showing stronger resistance than O mixture.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2002

The condition of initial movement for the river bed revetment using rip rap is a limit condition beyond which the lining is progressively destroyed as the separate elements are removed by the flow. In the case of the river bed revetment using mattress, however, after the initial movement the containment offered by the mesh remains. A new situation of equilibrium with a deformed river bed revetment using mattress is obtained, allowing it to withstand more severe conditions without compromising the resistance and without further bed deformation. Shield's coefficient for the river bed revetment using mattress is twice the value of that for the river bed revetment using rip rap. This means that with the same hydraulic behavior conditions, the average dimension of the rocks to be used in the river bed revetment using mattress is half that of the river bed revetment using rip rap rock. When the same size rocks are used the allowable velocity for the river bed revetment using mattress is more than twice, even as much as 3 or 4 times that for the river bed revetment using rip rap.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children and to evaluate the effects of eradication therapy on RAP. Methods: From January 1998 to January 2005, 166 children with RAP (61 male, 105 female) aged $10.0{\pm}3.3$ years were included. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed for all the patients. All H. pylori infected children (n=70) received the eradication therapy and were divided into two groups: Group Ia (n=52); eradicated, Group Ib (n=18); non-eradicated. H. pylori-negative children (n=96) were divided into three groups according to the medication: Group IIa (n=67); no medication, Group IIb (n=13); acid-suppressant, Group IIc (n=16); both acid-suppressant and antibiotics. Questionnaire for symptoms were asked at the first, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 36th months following the treatment (grade 0; completely resolved, grade 1; definitely improved, but there are occasional episodes of mild abdominal pain, grade 2; no change in the frequency and intensity of abdominal pain). Results: In about 90% of H. pylori positive children, RAP improved in the both H. pylori-eradicated and non-eradicated children in a follow-up survey. In about 75% of H. pylori-negative children, RAP also improved among in the three groups of patients regardless of medication. Conclusion: These results suggest that there was no correlations between improvement of RAP and eradication of H. pylori, and between improvement of RAP and medication. Consequently the reassurance that the children with RAP have no serious organic cause was important to improvement of RAP.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1999

Purpose: The aims of this study are to examine clinical characteristics, patterns of medical care utilization, and factors which determine medical care utilization of elementary school children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), to find posssible factors influencing the onset and the course of the disorder. Method: We performed questionnaires in Kwangju on children from two primary schools from June,1 1998 to June 30 and carried out statistical analysis. Result: 1) Total number of questionnaires were 1417. 715 were male and 702 were female and the ratio of male to female was 1.02:1. Average age was 10.3 years. 2) 268 children had RAP (18.9%), boys 132 (18.4%), girls136 (19.2%). 3) The duration of the pain within 10 minutes was 68.5%. 178 children with RAP (66.3%) visited the doctor. The utilization pattern of medical facilities of the pupils with RAP; the most frequently utilized medical facility was pediatrics (35.2%) and the order ran as internal medicine (31.5%), and pharmacy (29.25). The utilization pattern of medical facilities for the older students; the utilization rate of pediatrics decreased, but internal medicine increased. The major factors affecting the selection of the medical facility were geographic accessibility, kindness of the personnel, good results and traffic convenience. 4) Symptoms which were accompanied with abdominal pain were headache (44.5%), chest pain (28.2%), dizziness (26.6%), vomiting (9%), and 119 children (44.5%) had no accompanied symptoms. 5) In 95 children (35.3%) abdominal pain, occured at postprandial time, in 55 children (20.5%) before meal and in 39 children (14.7%) at school. The highest incidence rate of RAP was observed on Monday (21.4%), and the lowest on Saturday (8.7%). 6) The most frequent involved part of the abdomen was periumbrical area (38%) and the order ran as epigastrium and suprapubic area. The most frequent characteristics of abdominal pain were burning pain (36.9%) and the order ran as dull, cramping and colicky pain. Conclusion: RAP is a frequent disease entitiy in children. Too many times children with RAP are treated by other departments instead of Pediatrics. A child has a peculiar growth and development which is different to those from an adult with advancing years. So, it is necessary to choose special medical care and an adequate medical facility.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.583-586
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the KTCVS Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.192-196
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2038-2042
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 댐건설에 따른 유황 변동이 어류서식처 환경에 미치는 영향을 금강 수계를 대상으로 하천 생태환경 평가 도구인 RAP(River Analysis Package)를 사용하여 정량적으로 분석하였다. 문헌조사와 어류 모니터링자료를 기반으로 대표어종을 선정하고 산란기 서식처 특성을 분석하였다. 시계열 서식처 활용성을 분석하기 위한 유량데이터는 KModSim모델을 이용하여 생성된 1984년부터 2006년까지 23년간의 유량자료를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 산란기 어류의 서식처 조건은 성어기에 비하여 민감하고, 유황변화에 따라서 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구 결과는 하류하천의 생태적인 특성을 보다 세밀하게 고려한 저수지 운영방안을 마련하는데 기초적인 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 1998

Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techiniques were used to identification and differentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolated from Forsythia koreana (CMV-Fk). RT-PCT used by two set of 20-mer primers one was CMV-common primers and another was CMV subgroup I-specific primers designed in a conserved region of the 3' end of CMV RNA3, amplified about 490 bp and 200 bp DNA fragments from CMV-Fk, respectively. CMV could be detected by RT-PCR at a dilution as low as 10-4 in forsythia crude sap extracts. Restriction enzyme analysis of RT-PCR products using EcoRI and MspI showed that CMV-Fk belonged to CMV subgroup I. But, analysis of RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) showed heterogeneity of RNA3 between CMV-Fk and CMV-Y as a member of subgroup I.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

Many models have been used to represent the effects of confining stress, bulk stress, and shear stress on the value of the resilient modulus (Mr). This study was conducted to estimate Mr of the recycled materials such as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) through the repeated load cyclic test. Also, two models were applied to estimation of Mr for comparing between measured Mr values and predicted Mr values. The first model (A-model) can provide a quick and easy estimation of the Mr based on the bulk stress, while the second model (N-model) includes not only the bulk stress but also the shear stress. Statistical analysis indicated that all results using the both of models are significant at a 95 % confidence level. Therefore, the both of models could be used as an effective prediction model of Mr for RCA and RAP. Especially, the Model 2 including the parameters of the bulk stress and the shear stress could give more reliable estimation at the high range of Mr values.