• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.414-418
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• 1999

The synthesis of polycrystalline $Al_2TiO_5$ ceramics with low thermal expansion by fusion in an electric arc furnance was investigated. The thermal expansion curves of $Al_2TiO_5$ ceramics were lowered because of microcracks caused by the strong thermal expansion anisotropy of the crystal axes and were accompanied by hysteresis curves. These phenomena are explained by the opening and closing of microcracks. The difference in microcracking temperatures of dilatometric cooling curves in the range of 400~$620^{\circ}C$ is caused by the difference in sintering temperature, grain size and stabilization status.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.748-754
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• 1999

The acoustic performance of reactive type single expansion chamber can be calculated theoretically by plane wave theory. But higher order modes should be considered to widen the frequency range. Munjal has suggested the method for analyzing the acoustic properties of simple expansion chamber with taking into consideration of higher order mode of inlet/outlet. But his method cannot predict the acoustic properties exactly when the dimensions of inlet/outlet and expansion chamber have not integer multiples. In this paper the new method was suggested to overcome the shortcomings of Munjal's method The predictions by this method were also compared with those by the finite element method.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 1997

Invar-type austenitic cast irons are being used as low thermal expansive materials because of its good low thermal expansion characteristics and castability despite its low hardness. The effects of alloying elements such as Cr, Ti, V, and Mo on hardness and linear thermal expansion coefficient of the invar-type austenitic cast irons were investigated. A combined use of V and Mo addition was found to be the most effective for the improvement of hardness without causing an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient. With a combined addition of 4.6wt%V and 3.8wt%Mo, the hardness increased up to 180HB and the thermal expansion coefficient was kept at a relatively low value of $4.6{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ in the temperature range from room to $250^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.997-1002
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• 2009

The local loosening of ballast supporting railway tract cause a differential vertical tract settlement. In the bridge, the temperature change make bridge deck to contract and expand, and this movement cause local loosening of ballast on the bridge expansion joint. Therefore, the evaluation of the status of ballast on the bridge expansion joint is important for the track maintenance of the high-speed railway. In this paper, hwaw method was applied to evaluate the status of ballast on the bridge expansion joint. HWAW method is non-destructive test to evaluate 2-D shear wave velocity map along the railway. Shear wave velocity is directly related with status of ballast. In this research, hwaw method was applied two different types of bridges and determine the degree and the range of the ballast loosening caused by movement of the bridge expansion joint.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2015

The current study seeks to examine the effects of V and C additions on the mechanical and low thermal expansion properties of a high strength invar base alloy. The base alloy (Fe-36%Ni-0.9%Co-2.75%Mo-0.7Cr-0.23Mn-0.17Si-0.3%C, wt.%) contains $Mo_2C$ carbides, which form as the main precipitate. In contrast, alloys with additions of 0.4%V+0.3%C (alloy A) or 0.4%V+0.45%C (alloy B) contain $Mo_2C$+[V, Mo]C carbides. The average thermal expansion coefficients of these high strength invar based alloys were measured in the range of $5.16{\sim}5.43{\mu}m/m{\cdot}^{\circ}C$ for temperatures of $15{\sim}230^{\circ}C$. Moreover, alloy B showed lower thermal expansion coefficient than the other alloys in this temperature range. For the mechanical properties, the [V, Mo]C improved hardness and strengths(Y.S. and T.S.) of the high strength invar base alloy. T.S.(tensile strength) and Y.S.(yield strength) of hot forged alloy B specimen were measured at 844.6MPa and 518.0MPa, respectively. The tensile fractography of alloy B exhibited a ductile transgranular fracture mode and voids were initiated between the [V, Mo]C particles and the matrix. Superior properties of high strength and low thermal expansion coefficient can be obtained by [V, Mo]C precipitation in alloy B with the addition of 0.4%V and 0.45%C.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.909-919
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• 2013

Pneumatic exciters can be good replacements of electrodynamic, piezoelectric and hydraulic exciters owing to simple structure and large exciting force. One problem to be solved is a slow response caused by compressibility of air. Desirable frequency response characteristics of exciter are constant magnitude and zero degree phase, because users want no time delay between input signal and output force. For this reason, frequency range of pneumatic exciters is limited about 0~1 Hz. Therefore, expansion of frequency range is an important issue when designing the pneumatic exciter. In this paper, the pneumatic exciter which has same structure with active pneumatic isolator is dealt with. The dynamic characteristics are presented, and its limitation of expanding frequency range is shown based on analytical studies. Then the pneumatic exciter with dual-chamber is suggested to overcome this problem. Based on simulation study, a design method is presented.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1901-1903
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• 1999

To investigate invar alloy as a core material for increased capacity over-head transmission line which have high strength and low thermal expansion coefficient, hardness and thermal expansion coefficient of Fe-Ni-Co alloy have been studied. It is necessary that invar alloy have low thermal expansion coefficient and high strength for increased capacity over-head transmission line. In this paper. we tried to find out the effect of Ni and Co which has ferromagnetic properties and high saturation magnetization. It was found that Ni decrease thermal expansion coefficient and hardness, Co decrease thermal expansion coefficient but increase hardness in Fe-xNi-Co system. In Fe-(29-x)Ni-Co system, the material has no low thermal expansion properties substituting Co instead of Ni in concentration range of $1\sim7$%Co.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.826-841
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• 1995

This study is concerned with the functional utility of movement in sleeve from an ergonomic viewpoint. Experiments were carried out which include 43 upper extremity segments, 21 motions and 35 female subjects. The major conclusions of the study are. 1. The expansion rate of upper extremity was higher in length than in circumference mesurements. The amounts of expansion were, especially high (more than 60mm) for inner arm length, axillary arm circumference, and outer arm length. Therefore, a lot of ease is necessary for these parts. On the other hand, armhole circumference, forearm circumference, and wrist circumference had low rates of expansion. The sleeve cap length was also contracted in all motions. 2. The expansion rate and the range of expansion and contraction were higher in the upper arm than in the forearm. The main points of expansion were the axillary and elbow parts. The segment of maximum expansi (rate of 44.8%) was Iii of axillary parts. As the body surface expands mainly in some segments, it is desirable to allow ease to the main segments of expansion. 3. In a basic sleeve, necessary ease was lacking in the measurements for outer arm length and axillary arm circumference, while it was too large in armhole circumference, forearm circumference, wrist circumference, and sleeve cap length. Therefore, a basic sleeve is inadequate as a functional sleeve for hard work in point of functional utility of movement. Wider application of these findings would lead to an improvement in the comfort of workers.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.819-837
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• 2016

The quality of vibration pattern reproduction of elastic structures by the modal expansion method is influenced by the modal expansion method and the sensor placement as well as the accuracy of measured natural modes and the total number of vibration sensors. In this context, this paper presents an improved numerical method for reproducing the vibration patterns by introducing a block-wise modal expansion method (BMEM), together with the genetic algorithm (GA). For a given number of vibration sensors, the sensor positions are determined by an evolutionary optimization using GA and the modal assurance criterion (MAC). Meanwhile, for the proposed block-wise modal expansion, a whole frequency range of interest is divided into several overlapped frequency blocks and the vibration field reproduction is made block by block with different natural modes and different modal participation factors. A hollow cylindrical tank is taken to illustrate the proposed improved modal expansion method. Through the numerical experiments, the proposed method is compared with several conventional methods to justify that the proposed method provides the improved results.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2021

Maxillary transverse deficiency often manifests as a posterior crossbite or edge-to-edge bite and anterior crowding. However, arbitrary arch expansion in mature patients has been considered to be challenging due to the possible periodontal adverse effects such as alveolar bone dehiscence and gingival recession. To overcome these limitations, nonsurgical maxillary expansion of the basal bone has been demonstrated in young adults. However, the age range for successful orthopedic expansion has remained a topic of debate, possibly due to the underlying individual variations in suture maturity. This case report illustrates nonsurgical, miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in a 60-year-old patient with maxillary transverse deficiency accompanied by anterior and posterior crossbites, crowding, and gingival recession. The use of MARPE allowed relief of crowding and correction of the crossbite without causing significant periodontal adverse effects.