• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1991년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.87-92
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• 1991

It was achieved to formulate numerically the stress-strain relationship of concrete, which is a fundamemtal factor for the Elasto-Plastic analysis of concrete structures, for normal concrete by using random statistics. As a result of experiment, in the shape of stress-strain curves of normal concrete it has approach linear from first loading to peak point, and after that point deformation increased radically and specimens were brokendown abruptly. From the multiple linear regression, and obtained the exponential equaion for stress-strain relationship of concrete as follows: $\sigma$/$\sigma$max=e(1-$\varepsilon$/$\varepsilon$max)$\varepsilon$/$\varepsilon$max

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 2005

The effect of surface roughness on the contact fatigue was investigated in this study. To accomplish this goal, contact analysis based on the influence functions and the rectangular patch solution was performed to obtain the subsurface stress. Mesoscopic multiaxial fatigue criterion is then applied to predict fatigue damage. Suitable counting method and damage rule were used to evaluate the fatigue life of random loading caused by rough surface. As a result of the analysis, relationship between the life and roughness as well as the creack initiation depth was revealed. Below the critical roughness, It is observed that the fatigue life has hardly changed and creack is initiated around the depth at which the maximum shear stress occurs. Different behavior, however, is observed in case that the roughness is above the critical value.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2023

The present work provides a new solution to both the correct execution and quality control of straight thread couplers for reinforcing bars under monotonic loading conditions. A random survey on already constructed couplers together with a new mechanical model, adjusted with an experimental campaign, led us to present this new procedure in reinforced concrete construction. Formulation and methodology for a correct placement of straight thread couplers is presented.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.669-678
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• 1994

침지여상에 폐수를 부하하여 간접포기 강제순환 방식으로 처리하는 system에 대하여 그 유기물 제거 특성을 실험적으로 연구했다. 실험은 침지여상에 네트링(random형(型) plastic media), 입체철망(module형(型) plastic media) 및 잔자갈의 특성이 다른 세가지 media를 충전하고, pH, 수온(水溫)을 고정한 상태에서 $BOD_5$ 용적부하와 순화비를 변동하여 실시하므로서 여재(media) 종류가 $BOD_5$ 제거효율에 미치는 특성을 규명했다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

교량, 항만 및 각종 구조물과 산업설비에 대한 설계는 주로 결정론적 해석방법(Deterministic Analysis)에 의해 수행되고 있다. 그러나 구조물에 내재된 확률변수의 불확실성에 대한 영향을 보다 명확하게 평가할 뿐만 아니라 경제적인 설계를 위해서는 보다 개선된 평가방안이 요구된다. 이 연구에서는 터빈발전기 기초를 대상으로 합리적인 설계를 위해 확률유한요소법을 이용한 구조신뢰성해석을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 확률유한요소법을 신뢰성이론에 적합하도록 정식화하였으며, 대상 구조물의 부재강성 및 지진하중 등을 확률변수로 고려하여 동적응답해석 및 구조신뢰성해석을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있는 개선된 해석프로그램을 작성하였다. 작성된 해석프로그램을 이용하여 주요부재의 변위 및 부재력 응답에 대한 분산특성을 검토하였다. 아울러, 구조신뢰성해석에 따른 신뢰성지수 및 파괴확률을 제시함으로써, 대상 구조물의 구조 안전성을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 이 연구결과는 향후, 터빈발전기 기초의 개선된 설계방안을 설정함에 있어 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 지진하중시에 원자력구조물에 발생되는 지반-원자력 구조물의 확률론적 동적상호작용에 대하여 연구하였다. 상호작용 해석에는 주파수 영역에서 해석하는 Complex Response Method 를 사용하였으며, 지반의 Near Field 해석에는 유한요소법을 또한 Far Field의 고려에는 여러 전달 경계방법중 무한요소를 형성하여 해석을 수행하였다. 특히 구조들 하부의 지반의 무작위성을고려하 기 위하여 비확정론적 해석방법을 수행하였다. 지반의 제반 Parameter들의 불확정성이 구조물의 거 동에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 민감도 해석을 수행하였으며, 비확정론적 해석방법으로는 Perturbation 방법과 Rosenblueth의 Tlvo-point Estimate 방법 각각을 이용하여 프로그램을 개발하 였으며 두 방법의 결과에 대한 비교 검토를 하였다. 민감도 해석 결과 지반의 불확정성이 구조물의 거동에 상당히 큰 영향을 미치게 됨을 알 수 있었으며, 상기한 두 방법에 의한 예제해석 결과가 만 족할 만큼 일치하는 결과를 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.109-127
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• 2010

This work aims at introducing structural sensitivity analysis capabilities into existing commercial finite element software codes for the purpose of mapping retrofit strategies for a broad group of structures including heritage-type buildings. More specifically, the first stage sensitivity analysis is implemented for the standard deterministic environment, followed by stochastic structural sensitivity analysis defined for the probabilistic environment in a subsequent, second phase. It is believed that this new generation of software that will be released by the industrial partner will address the needs of a rapidly developing specialty within the engineering design profession, namely commercial retrofit and rehabilitation activities. In congested urban areas, these activities are carried out in reference to a certain percentage of the contemporary building stock that can no longer be demolished to give room for new construction because of economical, historical or cultural reasons. Furthermore, such analysis tools are becoming essential in reference to a new generation of national codes that spell out in detail how retrofit strategies ought to be implemented. More specifically, our work focuses on identifying the minimum-cost intervention on a given structure undergoing retrofit. Finally, an additional factor that arises in earthquake-prone regions across the world is the random nature of seismic activity that further complicates the task of determining the dynamic overstress that is being induced in the building stock and the additional demands placed on the supporting structural system.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.73-76
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• 2010

A two-facet approach was used to investigate the parametric performance of functional high-speed DDR3 (Double Data Rate) DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) die placed in different types of BGA (Ball Grid Array) packages: wire-bonded BGA (FBGA, Fine Ball Grid Array), flip-chip (FCBGA) and lead-bonded $microBGA^{(R)}$. In the first section, packaged live DDR3 die were tested using automatic test equipment using high-resolution shmoo plots. It was found that the best timing and voltage margin was obtained using the lead-bonded microBGA, followed by the wire-bonded FBGA with the FCBGA exhibiting the worst performance of the three types tested. In particular the flip-chip packaged devices exhibited reduced operating voltage margin. In the second part of this work a test system was designed and constructed to mimic the electrical environment of the data bus in a PC's CPU-Memory subsystem that used a single DIMM (Dual In Line Memory Module) socket in point-to-point and point-to-two-point configurations. The emulation system was used to examine signal integrity for system-level operation at speeds in excess of 6 Gb/pin/sec in order to assess the frequency extensibility of the signal-carrying path of the microBGA considered for future high-speed DRAM packaging. The analyzed signal path was driven from either end of the data bus by a GaAs laser driver capable of operation beyond 10 GHz. Eye diagrams were measured using a high speed sampling oscilloscope with a pulse generator providing a pseudo-random bit sequence stimulus for the laser drivers. The memory controller was emulated using a circuit implemented on a BGA interposer employing the laser driver while the active DRAM was modeled using the same type of laser driver mounted to the DIMM module. A custom silicon loading die was designed and fabricated and placed into the microBGA packages that were attached to an instrumented DIMM module. It was found that 6.6 Gb/sec/pin operation appears feasible in both point to point and point to two point configurations when the input capacitance is limited to 2pF.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.725-736
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• 2017

This paper presents the two-, three-, and four-lane transverse reduction factor based on FEA method, probability theory, and the recently actual traffic flow data. A total of 72 composite girder bridges with various spans, number of lanes, loading mode, and bridge type are analyzed with time-varying static load FEA method by ANSYS, and the probability models of vehicle load effects at arbitrary-time point are developed. Based on these probability models, in accordance to the principle of the same exceeding probability, the multi-lane transverse reduction factor of these composite girder bridges and the relationship between the multi-lane transverse reduction factor and the span of bridge are determined. Finally, the multi-lane transverse reduction factor obtained is compared with those from AASHTO LRFD, BS5400, JTG D60 or Eurocode. The results show that the vehicle load effect at arbitrary-time point follows lognormal distribution. The two-, three-, and four-lane transverse reduction factors calculated by using FEA method and probability respectively range between 0.781 and 1.027, 0.616 and 0.795, 0.468 and 0.645. Furthermore, a correlation between the FEA and AASHTO LRFD, BS5400, JTG D60 or Eurocode transverse reduction factors is made for composite girder bridges. For the two-, three-, and four-lane bridge cases, the Eurocode code underestimated the FEA transverse reduction factors by 27%, 25% and 13%, respectively. This underestimation is more pronounced in short-span bridges. The AASHTO LRFD, BS5400 and JTG D60 codes overestimated the FEA transverse reduction factors. The FEA results highlight the importance of considering span length in determining the multi-lane transverse reduction factors when designing two-lane or more composite girder bridges. This paper will assist bridge engineers in quantifying the adjustment factors used in analyzing and designing multi-lane composite girder bridges.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1988

본 연구(硏究)에서는 지진(地震)하중을 받는 선형비례감쇠(線形比例減衰) 시스템의 층응답(層應答) 스펙트럼을 random vibration 이론(理論)을 적용하여 계산(計算)하는 방법을 제시(提示)하였다. 해석(解析)방법으로는 모드가속도법(加速度法)을 사용하였으며 구조물(構造物)-기기(機器)의 상호작용(相互作用)은 고려하지 않았다. 입력지진운동(入力地震運動)과 기기(機器)의 응답(應答)을 평균(平均)값이 영(零)인 정상(定常) Gauss 과정(過程)으로 가정하였다. 입력지진(入力地震)의 천이특성을 Vanmarcke 방법(方法)에 따라 첨두계수(尖頭係數) 계산시 고려하였다. 층응답(層應答) 스펙트럼을 공진(共振)과 비공진(非共振)으로 구분(區分)하여 계산하였으며 응답(應答)계산시 구조물(構造物)과 진동체(振動體)의 첨두계수(尖頭係數)는 지반응답(地盤應答) 스펙트럼의 첨두계수(尖頭係數)와 동일(同一)하다고 가정하였다. 적용예(適用例)에서는 시간이력해석(時間履歷解析)의 결과와 비교(比較)함으로써 본 연구(硏究)의 타당성(妥當性)을 입증(立證)하였다. 본(本) 논문(論文)의 해석방법(解析方法)을 사용(使用)하면 비교적(比較的) 정확(正確)한 안전측(安全側)의 결과(結果)를 얻을 수 있으며 시간이력해석법(時間履歷解析法)에 비해 계산시간(計算時間)을 상당(相當)히 절약할 수 있다.