• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 1988

A probabilistic model for the failure in a homogeneous soil slope is presented. The Safety of the slope is measured through its probability of failure rather than the customary factor of safety. The safety margin of slope failure is assumed to follow a normal distribution. Sources of uncertainties affecting characterization of soil property in a homogeneous soil layer include inherent spatial variability., estimation error from insufficient samples, and measurement errors. Uncertainties of the shear strength-along potential failure surface are expressed by one-dimensional random field models. The rupture surface, created at toe of a soil slope, has been considered to propagate towards the boundary along a path following an exponential (log-spiral) law. Having derived the statistical characteristics of the rupture surface and of the forces which act along it, the probability of failure of the slope was found. Finally the developed procedure has been applied in a case study to yield the reliability of a soil slope.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2018

For $r{\geq}2$, let ${\mathcal{H}}$ be an r-uniform hypergraph with n vertices and m hyperedges. Let R be a random vertex set obtained by choosing each vertex of ${\mathcal{H}}$ independently with probability p. Let ${\mathcal{H}}[R]$ be the subhypergraph of ${\mathcal{H}}$ induced on R. We obtain an upper bound on the matching number ${\nu}({\mathcal{H}}[R])$ and a lower bound on the independence number ${\alpha}({\mathcal{H}}[R])$ of ${\mathcal{H}}[R]$. First, we show that if $mp^r{\geq}{\log}\;n$, then ${\nu}(H[R]){\leq}2e^{\ell}mp^r$ with probability at least $1-1/n^{\ell}$ for each positive integer ${\ell}$. It is best possible up to a constant factor depending only on ${\ell}$ if $m{\leq}n/r$. Next, we show that if $mp^r{\geq}{\log}\;n$, then ${\alpha}({\mathcal{H}}[R]){\geq}np-{\sqrt{3{\ell}np\;{\log}\;n}-2re^{\ell}mp^r$ with probability at least $1-3/n^{\ell}$.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1997

A medium energy ion scattering spectroscopy(ME1S) system has been developed and tested.In the MEIS system a toroidal electrostatic energy analyzer(TEA) and a two dimensional position sensitivedetector(PSD) were used. The energy resolution of MEIS system was estimated to be less than $4\times 10^{-3}$ and the overall angular resolution was less than 0.3". From the MEIS spectrum of $Ta_2O_5$(300 $\AA$)/ onSi analyzedousing 60 keV $H^+$, the energy loss factor(S.1 and depth resolution were estimated to he 42 eV/$\AA$ and 9.7 $\AA$, respectively. Also Si(100) surface was analyzed using the MEIS system. A random MElSspectrum was obtained from thc Si(100) covered with native oxide layers. At the double alignment condition, MElS spectrum showed ;i Si surface peak, a oxygen peak and a carbon peak.nd a carbon peak.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.422-430
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• 2000

In order to search for the effects of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence and nucleotide sequence of spacer region (SD-ATG) on bGH expression, oligonucleotides containing random SD sequences and a spacer region were chemically synthesized. The distance between SD region and initiation codon (ATG) was fixed to 9 nucleotides in length. The expression vectors have been constructed using pT7-1 vector containing a T7 promoter. Positive clones were screened with colony hybridization and named pT7A or pT7B plasmid series. The selected clones were confirmed by DNA sequencing and finally, 19 clones having various SD combinations were obtained. When bovine growth hormone was induced by IPTG in E. coli BL21(DE3), all cells harboring these plasmids produced a detectable level of bGH in western blot analysis. However, various SD sequences did not affect on bGH expression, indicating that the sequences of SD and the spacer region did not sufficiently destabilize mRNA secondary structure of bGH gene. Therefore, these results indicate that the disruption of mRNA secondary structure might be a major factor for regulating bGH expression in the translational initiation process.

• School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-197
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• 2008

Bertrand's Paradox is known as a paradox because it produces different solutions when we apply different method. This essay analyzed diverse problem solving methods which result from no clear presenting of 'random chord'. The essay also tried to discover the difference between the mathematical calculation of three problem solvings and physical experiment in the real world. In the process for this, whether geometric statistic teaching related to measurement and integral calculus which is the basic concept of integral geometry is appropriate factor in current education curriculum based on Laplace's classical perspective was prudently discussed with its status.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.336-344
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• 2007

A method is developed to evaluate partial safety factors for armor units, by which uncertainties of random variables in reliability function as well as wave height distribution with service periods could take into account straightforwardly. It is found that partial safety factors for resistance and wave height are correctly increased with improving target levels on failure of coastal structures at the same return and service periods. Therefore, it nay be possible to determine design variables through the same processes as those of deterministic method by using the partial safety factors for resistance and wave height evaluated in this paper, since uncertainties of random variables and the effects of service periods and target probability failure are directly considered in the processes of evaluation of partial safety factors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2009

Partial safety factors(PSFs) for Level I reliability based design of caisson type quay walls were calculated. First order reliability method(FORM) based PSFs are the functions of sensitivities of limit state function with respect to design random variables, target reliability index, characteristic values and first moment of random variables. Modified PSFs for water level and resilient water level are newly defined to keep consistency with the current design code. In the numerical example, PSFs were calculated by using a target reliability index. Seismic coefficient is defined to show extreme distribution. It was found that PSFs for seismic coefficient becomes smaller as the return period for design seismic coefficient grows longer.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1326-1334
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• 2019

Knowledge base means a library stored in computer system providing useful information or appropriate solutions to specific area. Knowledge base associated with autism is the complex multidimensional information set related to the disease autism for its pathogenic factor and therapy. This paper focuses on the knowledge of biological molecular information extracted from massive biomedical texts with the aid of widespread used machine learning methods. Six classes of biological molecular information (such as protein, DNA, RNA, cell line, cell component, and cell type) are concerned and the probability statistics method, conditional random fields (CRFs), is utilized to discover these knowledges in this work. The knowledge base can help biologists to etiological analysis and pharmacists to drug development, which can at least answer four questions in question-answering (QA) system, i.e., which proteins are most related to the disease autism, which DNAs play important role to the development of autism, which cell types have the correlation to autism and which cell components participate the process to autism. The work can be visited by the address http://134.175.110.97/bioinfo/index.jsp.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.988-998
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• 2014

For memory-based big data storage, using hybrid memories consisting of both dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and non-volatile random-access memories (NVRAMs) is a promising approach. DRAM supports low access time but consumes much energy, whereas NVRAMs have high access time but do not need energy to retain data. In this paper, we propose a new data migration method that can dynamically move data pages into the most appropriate memories to exploit their strengths and alleviate their weaknesses. We predict the access frequency values of the data pages and then measure comprehensively the gains and costs of each placement choice based on these predicted values. Next, we compute the potential benefits of all choices for each candidate page to make page migration decisions. Extensive experiments show that our method improves over the existing ones the access response time by as much as a factor of four, with similar rates of energy consumption.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.193-209
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• 2020

In this paper, the efficiency of five Machine Learning (ML) methods consisting of Deep Learning (DL), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Gradient Tree Booting (GTB) for regression and classification of the Ultimate Load Factor (ULF) of nonlinear inelastic steel frames is compared. For this purpose, a two-story, a six-story, and a twenty-story space frame are considered. An advanced nonlinear inelastic analysis is carried out for the steel frames to generate datasets for the training of the considered ML methods. In each dataset, the input variables are the geometric features of W-sections and the output variable is the ULF of the frame. The comparison between the five ML methods is made in terms of the mean-squared-error (MSE) for the regression models and the accuracy for the classification models, respectively. Moreover, the ULF distribution curve is calculated for each frame and the strength failure probability is estimated. It is found that the GTB method has the best efficiency in both regression and classification of ULF regardless of the number of training samples and the space frames considered.