• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2010

The Raman shift of water vapor is 3657 $cm^{-1}$, and this Raman signal can be easily separated from other Raman signals or elastic signals. However, it is difficult to make simultaneous Raman measurements on the three phases of water, namely, ice water, liquid water, and water vapor. This is because we must consider the overlap between their Raman spectra. Therefore, very few groups have attempted to make Raman simultaneous measurements even on two elements (water vapor and liquid water, or water vapor and ice water). We have made an effort to find three characteristic Raman wavelengths that correspond to the three phases of water after measuring full Raman spectra of water on particular days that are rainy, snowy or clear. Finally, we have found that the 401-nm, 404-nm, and 408-nm wavelengths are the most characteristic Raman wavelengths that are representative of the water phases when we are using the 355-nm laser wavelength for making measurements.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.704-708
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• 2016

The unique characteristics of graphene make it an optimal material for crucial studies; likewise, its potential applications are numerous. Graphene's characteristics change with the number of total layers, and thus the rapid and accurate estimation of the number of graphene layers is essential. In this work, we review the methods till date used to identify the number of layers but they incorporate certain drawbacks and limitations. To overcome the limitations, a combination of these methods will provide a direct approach to identify the number of layers. Here we correlate the data obtained from Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy images, and atomic force microscopy to identify the number of graphene layers. Among these methods, correlation of optical microscopy images with Raman spectroscopy data is proposed as a more direct approach to reliably determine the number of graphene layers.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

Nanosized powders of trimetallic orthoferrites containing La and Sm in different ratios were synthesised by the thermal decomposition at low temperatures of the corresponding hexacyanocomplexes. The precursors and their decomposition products were analyzed by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Single phase trimetallic precursors and oxides were obtained. The crystal structure of the perovskitic oxides was orthorhombic, and the lattice parameters were affected by the ionic size of the rare earth elements present in the oxides. Raman spectroscopy showed a disorder effect in the vibrational bands with increasing the La content.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

Phase stability diagram and boundary of a- and c-axis orientation of $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (SmBCO) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were reported with studies based on x-ray diffraction [1]. Four different samples are systematically analyzed: normal c-axis oriented orthorhombic $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$, a-axis oriented $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$, c-axis oriented orthorhombic $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ with $Sm_2BaCuO_5$ phase, and a mixture with c-axis oriented orthorhombic $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ and anomalously long-c tetragonal $SmBa_2Cu_3O_x$. Raman scattering spectroscopy equipped with polarization analysis elucidates the crystal orientation and the origin of the growth of the materials. It indicates that the technique can be used for quality control of conductor manufacturing processes as well as for enhancement of the materials properties.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.379-382
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• 2019

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (NPs) made an aqueous environment via the reduction of HAuCl₄ by ascorbic acid (AC) with the surfactant of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Highly monodisperse gold particles with size ranges from 4 to 20 nm were prepared in high-yield by pH control. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were analyzed for structural and optical properties using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. In this study, we could reveal that the prepared nanoparticles exhibited efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties, and their SERS activities depends on size.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

In 1987, M. K. Wu and Paul Chu discovered $Y_{1.2}Ba_{0.8}CuO_4$ (YBCO) with critical temperature ($T_c$) of 93 K. It has significantly lowered the cost of cooling of a material up to the point where superconductivity set in. Utilizing the cost reduction of attaining superconductivity and the vast amount of research to understand characteristics of high temperature oxide superconducting materials, there has been effort to use a high temperature superconductor as a coated conductor. It is important to characterize the materials precisely for stable performance before commercializing. We used polarized Raman scattering spectroscopy to study structural and stoichiometric information regarding $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$, $GdYBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$, and $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ produced by three leading groups of producing commercial grade high temperature superconductor coated conductors American Superconductor Corporation, Superpower, and SuNAM.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2009

The heterogeneous decomposition of ammonia on a quartz surface in an inverted, stagnation-point flow reactor was investigated using a measurement reactor and a numerical model of the reactor. In the experiments, 8 mole% of ammonia in nitrogen was used and the temperature of an electric heater was set in the range $300{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ to heat the quartz surface where the decomposition took place. Gas temperatures and ammonia concentrations in the reactor obtained using in situ Raman spectroscopy were analyzed with the numerical model and it was revealed that, depending on the heater temperature, the temperature of the quartz surface was estimated to be in the range $235{\sim}619^{\circ}C$ and the activation energy of the decomposition on the surface was in the range 10.9~15.8 kcal/mol.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 1995

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) spectroscopy was employed to analyze the genotoxic nucleobase adducts of benzo[a]pyrene(BP) formed through one-electron oxidation pathway. SERS spectroscopy provided sufficient resolution to distinguish if BP intermediate was bound to different nucleobases(e. g. adenine or guanine). Furthermore, SERS specroscopy was also able to detect the difference in the binding position of the adduct to the various sites of the nucleobase. The linearity of the calibration curve for N7Ade-BP ranged from 20 picogram to 800 nanogram per microliter and the detection limit under the current conditions was determined 20 picogram per microliter in a solution volume of 20 microliter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.277-280
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• 2006

Rapid and highly sensitive determination of nicotine in a PDMS microfluidic channel was investigated using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A three-dimensional PDMS microfluidic channel was fabricated for this purpose. This channel shows a high mixing efficiency because the transverse and vertical dispersions of the fluid occur simultaneously through the upper and lower zig zag-type blocks. A higher efficiency of mixing could also be obtained by splitting each of the confluent streams into two sub-streams that then joined and recombined. The SERS signal was measured after nicotine molecules were effectively adsorbed onto silver nanoparticles by passing through the three-dimensional channel. A quantitative analysis of nicotine was performed based on the measured peak area at 1030 $cm^{-1}$. The detection limit was estimated to be below 0.1 ppm. In this work, the SERS detection, in combination with a PDMS microfluidic channel, has been applied to the quantitative analysis of nicotine in aqueous solution. Compared to the other conventional analytical methods, the detection sensitivity was enhanced up to several orders of magnitude.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.866-870
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• 1998

PLZT thin films were fabricated with different Zr/Ti ratios by pulsed laser deposition. PLZT films deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrate. This PLZT thin films of 5000$\AA$ thickness were crystallized at $600^{\circ}C$, $O_2$ pressure 200m Torr. 2/55/45 PLZT thin film showed a maximum dielectric constant value of $\varepsilon$\ulcorner=1550 and dielectric loss was 0.03 at 10kHz. At 2/70/30 PLZT thin film, coercive field and remnant polarization was respectively 19[kV/cm], 8[$\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$]. Raman spectroscopy results showed that the bands of spectra became broader as the amount of Zr mol% increased and two crystal phase coexisted at 2/55/45 PLZT film. Raman spectroscopy was useful for crystal structure analysis of PLZT thin films.