• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.249-270
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• 2014

Through comparing the mean wind profiles observed overland during the passages of four typhoons, and the gradient wind speeds calculated based on the sea level pressure data provided by a numerical model, the present paper discusses, (a) whether the gradient balance is a valid assumption to estimate the wind speed in the height range of 1250 m ~ 1750 m, which is defined as the upper-level mean wind speed, in a tropical cyclone over land, and (b) if the super-gradient feature is systematically observed below the height of 1500 m in the tropical cyclone wind field over land. It has been found that, (i) the gradient balance is a valid assumption to estimate the mean upper-level wind speed in tropical cyclones in the radial range from the radius to the maximum wind (RMW) to three times the RMW, (ii) the super-gradient flow dominates the wind field in the tropical cyclone boundary layer inside the RMW and is frequently observed in the radial range from the RMW to twice the RMW, (iii) the gradient wind speed calculated based on the post-landfall sea level pressure data underestimates the overall wind strength at an island site inside the RMW, and (iv) the unsynchronized decay of the pressure and wind fields in the tropical cyclone might be the reason for the underestimation.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.390-395
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• 2004

The characteristics of the circular arc shaped multi-blade windmil are investigatedl. The prototypical windmill was tested in the laboratory at wind tunnel speeds of 5.5, 9.4m/s. and the model windmill was also tested in the laboratory, The power and torque coefficients were studied as functions of the blade section, the aspect ratio for blade diameter and windmill radius(M = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7), the number of blades and finally the tip-speed ratio. The analysis of the experimental results for the model windmill showed that there is the highest revolutions per minute(R.P.M) at the circular arc shaped multi-blade windmill having the blade number 10, aspect ratio(M = 0.7). and the results for the prototypical windmill showed that the power coefficient increased to a maximum value and then decreased again with an increase in the tip speed ratio, while the torque coefficient decreased directly with an increase in the tip speed ratio Finally, the experimental results were compared with the Savonius blade. the maximum power coefficient for the arc shaped blade was greater than for the Savonius blade and occured at a lower tip speed ratio.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2023

The analytical model of tornado vortices plays an essential role in tornado wind description and tornado-resistant design of civil structures. However, there is still a lack of guidance for the selection and application of tornado analytical models since they are different from each other. For single-cell tornado vortices, this study conducts a comparative study on the velocity characteristics of the analytical models based on numerically simulated tornado-like vortices (TLV). The single-cell stage TLV is first generated by Large-eddy simulations (LES). The spatial distribution of the three-dimensional mean velocity of the typical analytical tornado models is then investigated by comparison to the TLV with different swirl ratios. Finally, key parameters are given as functions of swirl ratio for the direct application of analytical tornado models to generate full-scale tornado wind field. Results show that the height of the maximum radial mean velocity is more appropriate to be defined as the boundary layer thickness of the TLV than the height of the maximum tangential mean velocity. The TLV velocity within the boundary layer can be well estimated by the analytical model. Simple fitted results show that the full-scale maximum radial and tangential mean velocity increase linearly with the swirl ratio, while the radius and height corresponding to the position of these two velocities decrease non-linearly with the swirl ratio.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2000

A study was conducted to find distribution patterns of minisprinkler without a bridge for the desing of microirrigation systems. The experiments were executed in a plastic house to minimize the effect of the wind. Data were collected at four different operation pressures and at 3 different riser heights. Sprayed water were collected by aluminium cans with 65mm diameter and 100mm height placed at 0.3m grid spacing . A schematic distribution pattern with distance from a minisprinkler was suggested for the layout design of the minisprinkler. Distribution pattern of the minisprinkler was found irregular in space. Distributin performance characteristics of the minisprinkler such as effective radius. , effective area, mean application depth, absolute maximum application depth, effective maximum application depth and coefficient of variation were determined. It was indicated that there is a trend of decrease in variation coefficient adn better water distribution by the increase in operation pressures and riser heights.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2014

Double-blade vertical axis wind turbines (DB-VAWTs) can improve the self-starting performance of lift-driven VAWTs. We here propose the quadruple-multiple streamtube model (QMS), based on the blade element momentum (BEM) theory, for simulating DB-VAWT performance. Model validity is investigated by comparison to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction for two kinds of two-dimensional DB-VAWT rotors for two rotor scales with three inner-outer radius ratios: 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75. The BEM-QMS model does not consider the effects of an inner rotor on the flow speed in the upwind half of the rotor, so we introduce a correction factor for this flow speed. The maximum power coefficient predicted by the modified BEM-QMS model for a DB-VAWT is thus closer to the CFD prediction.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.315-330
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• 2006

Flow and scalar dispersion around Cheomseongdae are numerically investigated using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the renormalization group (RNG) $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence closure scheme. Cheomseongdae is an ancient astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, Korea, and is chosen as a model obstacle because of its unique shape, that is, a cylinder-shaped architectural structure with its radius varying with height. An interesting feature found is a mid-height saddle point behind Cheomseongdae. Different obstacle shapes and corresponding flow convergences help to explain the presence of the saddle point. The predicted size of recirculation zone formed behind Cheomseongdae increases with increasing ambient wind speed and decreases with increasing ambient turbulence intensity. The relative roles of inertial and eddy forces in producing cavity flow zones around an obstacle are conceptually presented. An increase in inertial force promotes flow separation. Consequently, cavity flow zones around the obstacle expand and flow reattachment occurs farther downwind. An increase in eddy force weakens flow separation by mixing momentum there. This results in the contraction of cavity flow zones and flow reattachment occurs less far downwind. An increase in ambient wind speed lowers predicted scalar concentration. An increase in ambient turbulence intensity lowers predicted maximum scalar concentration and acts to distribute scalars evenly.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 NREL 5 MW 해상풍력터빈 모형의 후류 유동장 분석을 위해 1/86 축소모형을 사용한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 정격출력 속도 11.4 m/s와 회전수 1,045 rpm 조건에서 열선풍속계를 사용하여 반경의 6배까지 후류에서 속도 결핍 및 난류도 변화를 측정하는 풍동시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 풍력터빈의 후류에서의 속도결핍은 횡방향과 수직 방향으로는 반경의 2배 이내에서 회복됨을 볼 수 있었으며, 끝단 와류에 의한 영향은 반경의 5배 이후에는 나타나지 않음을 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 후류의 난류도는 블레이드 끝단 부근에서 크게 나타나며 길이방향으로 반경 거리까지는 급격한 감소가 일어나지만 이 이후부터 반경의 6배까지 유지되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2008

마이크로파 센서로부터 산출된 물리량과 태풍강도와의 관련성을 2004년 6월에서 9월까지 관측된 태풍과 TRMM TMI 자료를 이용하여 조사하였다. TMI 관측으로부터 산출된 85 GHz 밝기온도(TB), 편광보정온도(PCT), 총 수증기량, 얼음, 강우강도, 잠열방출량은 RMSC-Tokyo의 태풍 best-track 데이터베이스의 최대 풍속으로 정의된 태풍강도와 상관분석을 실시하였다 TB와 태풍강도의 최대 상관계수는 태풍 중심으로부터 반경 2.5도 공간평균을 하였을 때 $-0.2{\sim}-0.4$를 나타냈다. 총 수증기량, 강우강도, 잠열방출량과 태풍강도와의 상관계수는 $0.2{\sim}0.4$를 보였다. 태풍 강도 크기에 따른 상관계수 분포는 태풍 발달의 초기 단계에서는 열대성 저기압 중심으로부터 반경 $1.0{\sim}1.5$도 공간 평균을 하였을 때 최대값을 보였으나 태풍이 가장 크게 발달하였을 때는 태풍 중심에서 반경 0.5도의 공간 평균을 하였을 때 최대 상관성이 나타났다. 최대 상관계수를 나타낸 변수와 공간 규모는 회귀분석으로부터 태풍을 강도를 산출할 수 있으며 태풍 Rusa(2002)와 Maemi(2003)에 적용하였다. 태풍 강도의 오차는 태풍 강도 크기를 고려한 85GHz TB와 총 수증기량의 다중 회귀에서 최소를 보였다. 본 연구는 마이크로파 위성 관측의 TB와 총 수중기량으로부터 태풍 강도 산출에 기여할 수 있음을 지시한다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2010

The initial trajectory of a spheroid configuration bobbin for precision guidance has been investigated by analyzing its aerodynamic load and six-degree-of-freedom motion. The effects of changes in the spheroidal head configuration, flow angle and lateral center-of-gravity offset are numerically studied using the commercial software "FLUENT". A wind tunnel test is also conducted to validate the numerical scheme and to examine effect of the Reynolds number on the flow around the bobbin. It is shown that the size of the separation bubble formed on the surface decreases significantly when the Reynolds number is varied between 110,000 and 140,000. At a zero flow angle, an oblate spheroidal head shows relatively moderate rotation while a prolate spheroidal head shows rapid rotation. The bobbin with a spherical head shape has little effect on the flow direction; however, the oblate bobbin is sensitive to the flow angle. The roll motion of the bobbin is greatly influenced by the lateral center-of-gravity offset and maximum dispersion is observed at half of the radius.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

서해안에 영향을 미친 태풍자료를 사용하여 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션을 통해 목포를 비롯하여 군산, 인천 및 제주 등 서해안 4곳의 빈도별 풍속을 산정하였다. 민감도분석 결과 최근접거리와 최대풍속반경의 차이가 풍속에 가장 영향을 크게 미치는 요소이고 위치각과 기압강하량 역시 민감한 반면 이동속도는 가장 둔감한 매개변수로 나타나고 있다. 이를 토대로 빈도별 최대풍속을 발생시키는 평균적인 해당빈도의 표준태풍을 설정할 수 있으며, 각 지점에서의 태풍 매개변수 설정을 통해 표준태풍을 확립할 수 있다. 이러한 표준태풍을 통해 빈도별 풍속과 일맥상통하는 빈도별 해일고 역시 산정할 수 있게 된다. 또한 가항반원에 해당하는 자료만 포함시켜 해석함으로써 음해일을 유발하는 표준태풍 역시 생성할 수 있다.