• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제2권
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• pp.15-16
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• 1961

Distribution of $P^{32}$ in a pot-grown plant of the radish was studied by means of fertilization with phospbate labeled with $P^{32}$ followed by autoradiography of the dried parts. (1) An accumulation of $P^{32}$ occurs in the growth point, the root of hair, the younger leaves and the top of leaves in the radish similary other plants. (2) In the yellow leaves of the radish it was counted too weak by monitor. (3) $P^{32}$ absorbed by the root in radish was transported through the xylem of the radishtissue.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enzyme-treated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. Rats were divided into four experimental groups which were composed of a high fat diet group (HF group), a high fat diet with 10% radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MA group), a high fat diet with 5% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MB group) and a high fat diet with 10% enzyme-treated radish leaf powder-supplemented group (MC group). Total dietary fiber content of enzyme-treated radish leaves were greater than untreated radish leaves. Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) of the HF group increased compared to the MA, MB and MC groups. The serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index contents in the radish leaf powder-supplemented groups were lower than that of the HF group, while those values for the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than that of the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups increased compared to the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride contents of the MA, MB and MC groups decreased compared to the HF group. In fact, the hepatic triglyceride contents of the MB and MC groups were significantly lower than the MA group. The hepatic total cholesterol contents of the MB and MC groups significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol contents of the MA, MB and MC groups significantly increased compared to those of the HF group. These results indicate that supplementation with enzyme-treated radish leaves increase the useful fiber contents. Furthermore, it may have a pronounced impact on lipid metabolism of serum and liver in rats fed a high fat diet.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.382-387
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of mineral contents in radish leaves, soybean sprout and chwi namul by cooking method(boiling, steaming, sauting) and cooking time(1, 3, 5 min.). The residual rate of minerals(such as Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron and Magnesium) in radish leaves, soybean sprout and chwi namul by 1 minute sauting was the range of 83.2 to 99.1%. It was shown that sauting was desirable method for all three vegetables. The residual rate by the cooking method was sauting, steaming, boiling, in that order, but boiling in radish leaves and chwi namul were more desirable method than steaming for Calcium use. At the cooking method and cooking time, Potassium content in soybean sprout was reduced remarkably in 5 minutes boiling. Boiling of radish leaves and soybean sprout showed that Sodium was reduced remarkably after 5 minutes of boiling, 54.4% for radish leaves and 19.9% for soybean sprout, respectively.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

Incidence of radish disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani ranged from 1 to 30% in fields located at Hwaseong, Naju and Yeoncheon in Korea during the growing seasons in 1989, 1990 ad 1993. A total of 133 isolates of R. solani was obtained from the diseased seedlings, leaves and roots of radish collected. The fungus was most commonly isolated from the roots. Among 133 isolates of R. solani, 56 isolates were classified as anastomosis group AG-1 by anastomosis test, 37 isolates as AG-2-1, and 40 isolates as AG-4. Among the isolates of AG-1, 26 isolates were grouped as cultural type IA, and the others as cultural type IB. Cultural types IA and IB of AG-1, were isolated from the leaves, AG-2-1 from the roots, and AG-4 from the seedlings, leaves and roots. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the AG-1(IA) isolates were highly virulent on leaves of radish, but avirulent on the seedlings, petioles and roots. The AG-1(IB) isolates were highly virulent on the leaves, but mildly virulent on the seedlings and avirulent or mildly virulent on the petioles and roots. The AG-2-1, isolates were mildly virulent on the leaves and seedlings and mildly or highly virulent on the petioles and roots. The AG-4 isolates were highly virulent on the seedlings and mildly or highly virulent on the leaves, petioles and roots.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 1996

This study was aimed to observe the effects of municipal sewage sludge as a organic fertilizer on the growth and KDICical omposition of Altari radish (Raphanus sativus). The accumulation rate of heavy metals of the sludge in the radish was also observed. Municipal sewage sludge of Taejon City was applied to the soil of Pai-Chai University Farm to make 6 gradients of sludge contents in the soil. Root weight of Altari radish was affected significantly by N and P contents in the soil. The longest leaves and roots were produced in the control group, in which urea was applied as nitrogen source to the soil. Even though any other sludge-applied groups produced shorter leaves and roots than the control group, the length of the leaves and roots and the weight of the whole plant of the radish tended to increase with the increase of the sludge application. Contents of N, K, Ca and Mg in the radish were not significantly different among those in 6 experimental groups, but P contents in leaves varied among the 6 groups. Zn content of spring Altari radish treated with 200% sludge was 57.6 mg/kg. It is the highest contents among 6 experimental groups. Contents of Zn, Mn and Cd were higher in leaves than in roots, but less than those in market vegetables. From the above results, it is concluded that municipal sewage sludge can be applied as organic fertilizer to the growth of Altari radish. But this sludge could not be applied under our current regulations, which must be reviewed at intra-governmental leavels.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2008

건조 무청을 물, 50% 에탄올 및 50% 메탄올로 추출한 물질의 생리활성 효과를 조사하였다. 건조 무청의 추출물 수율은 브랜칭하지 않은 건조 무청인 관동 무청(DRLK)은 $26.56{\sim}32.56%$이고, 미농단백 무청(DRLM)은 $34.34{\sim}36.90%$였다. 반면에 브랜칭한 무청군 수율은 $18.70{\sim}23.56%$로 브랜칭하지 않은 시료보다 수율이 낮았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량의 경우 브랜칭한 무청 시료는 $49.06{\sim}59.37mg/g$ 범위였고, 브랜칭을 하지 않은 시료는 $53.41{\sim}62.08mg/g$이었다. 시료에 따라서는 관동 무청시료(DRLK, BDRLK)보다 미농단백무 시료(DRLM, BDRLM)가 약간 더 높은 폴리페놀 함량을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 브랜칭하지 않은 시료는 80% 이상의 활성을 보였고, 아질산염 소거작용은 $36.63{\sim}51.17%$ 범위의 활성을 보였으며, SOD 유사활성은 $38.53{\sim}45.38%$의범위의 활성을 보인 반면 브랜칭한 시료는 각각의 생리활성 측정에서 브랜칭하지 않은 시료보다 낮은 활성을 보였다. 전반적으로 관동 무청군이 미농단백 무청군보다 전자공여능, 아질산 소거능 및 SOD 유사활성에 있어서 약간 높은 활성을 보였고, 브랜칭하지 않은 무청이 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 무청의 생체 내 항산화작용을 규명하기 위하여 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐 간조직의 항산화 방어계와 지질과산화에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험동물은 체중 100g내외의 Sprague Dawley 종 수컷 흰쥐를 이용하였으며, 정상군과 고콜레스테롤 식이 실험군으로 나눈 후 정상군은 다시 무청파우더를 공급하지 않은 군(N group), 무청파우더를 공급한 군(NR group)으로 나누고 고콜레스테롤 식이 실험군은 무청파우더를 공급하지 않은 군(HC group)과 무청파우더를 각각 $2.5\%$(HRL group), $5\%$(HRM group), $10\%$(HRH group)씩 공급한 군으로 나누었다. 식이와 식수는 자유섭식시켰으며, 4주간 사육한 후 희생시켰다. 실험기간 동안의 체중증가량은 정상군에 비해 고콜레스테롤 식이군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 무청파우더 공급군은 정상군 수준이었고, 식이효율 역시 유사한 경향이었다. 간조직 중의 항산화 효소 관찰에서 SOD는 실험군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 무청파우더군에서 HC군에 비해 다소 증가한 경향이었다. GSH-px는 정상군에 비해 콜레스테롤 공급군 모두에서 감소되었으나 무청파우더를 5$\%$와 10$\% $ 공급한 군에서는 HC군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다. 조직의 과산화적 손상의 지표가 되는 간조직의 TBARS함량을 관찰한 결과 정상군에 비해 고콜레스테롤 식이군에서 유의적으로 증가 하였고 HC군에 비해 무청파우더 5$ \% $ 공급한 HRM군과 10$ \% $로 공급한 HRH군 두 군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직의 cytosol에서 $H_{2} $$O_{2}$의 함량을 측정한 결과 정상군과 고콜레스테롤 군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 간조직의 mito-chondria에서 $ H_{2}$$O_{2}$의 함량을 측정한 결과 정상군에 비해 고콜레스테롤군이 유의적으로 증가되었으나 무청파우더 5$\%$ 공급한 HRM군과 10$\%$ 공급한 HRH군은 정상군 수준이었다. 간조직의 microsome에서 $O_{2}$$\cdot$ 함량을 측정한 결과 정상군에 비해 HC군에서 유의적으로 증가되었으나 무청파우더를 공급한 모든 군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 특히 무청파우더 10$\%$ 공급한 HRH군에서는 정상군 수준으로 감소되 었다. 간조직의 mitochondria에서 $O_{2}$$\cdot$ 함량을 측정한 결과 무청파우더를 5$\%$, 10$\%$ 공급한 HRM, HRH군에서 정상군 수준으로 감소되었다. 이상과 같이 고콜레스테롤 식이 흰쥐에서 무청파우더 공급 수준에 따라 간조직의 항산화 방어 효소의 활성을 증가시켜 산화적 손상을 완화시키는 작용이 관찰되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.780-785
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• 2006

무청별 무청의 성분분석과 반응표면 분석법을 이용하여 건조조건에 따른 무청 고유의 색도, 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 등의 성분을 조사하였다 일반성분의 경우 품종이 다른 미농단백무(RL5)를 제외하고는 품종 간에 회분, 단백질, 지방, 칼슘 및 철분함량에 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 건물량으로 환산한 비타민류, 클로로필 함량, 색도에는 품종 간 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 한편 중심합성 실험계획에 따라 건조한 미농단백무 무청의 품질특성을 조사한 결과 수분함량, 클로로필 함량 및 색도차이를 나타내는 ${\Delta}E$ 값은 건조온도와 시간에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었고, 칼슘, 철분함량은 각각 $31.41{\sim}35.80\;mg,\;0.21{\sim}0.29\;mg$으로 시료 간 유의성이 없었다. 무청의 건조조건을 독립변수로 하고, 시료 간 유의적인 차이를 보였던 종속변수인 수분, 클로로필 및 색도 값의 상관관계를 나타내는 $R^2$값이 0.97 이상으로 높았다. 또 회귀분석한 모델식중 반응표면 분석법으로 도시한 결과 총 클로로필 함량은 독립변수인 건조시간보다는 건조온도의 영향이 더 컸으며 무청의 고유 초록색을 유지하면서도 수분 감소효과를 얻기 위한 최적조건은 약 $70^{\circ}C$에서 $5{\sim}6$시간 정도로 예측할 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a cruciferous vegetable, and its leaves have antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extracts from radish leaves on hypertension in 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each on the basis of initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were treated with oral administration of radish leaf extract (0, 30, or 90 mg/kg body weight [bw], respectively) for 5 weeks. Six Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls. The amount of the radish leaf extract had no effect on body weight. The SBP of the SHRs showed a decreasing trend with the consumption of the radish leaf extract. In the third week, the SBP of the group fed 90 mg extract/kg bw reduced from 214 mmHg to 166 mmHg and was significantly lower than that of the normotensive and hypertensive controls. The extract did not show a significant effect on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the serum, kidney, and lung. The extract increased the concentration of NO in serum and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and catalase in red blood cells (RBCs). The serum concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were not significantly different between all groups. However, the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ increased; the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and$K^+$for the normotensive and hypertensive controls were not different. Urinary excretion of $Na^+$ was higher in the normotensive Wistar rats than in the SHRs, while that of $K^+$ was not significantly different. These findings indicate that consumption of radish leaves might have had antihypertensive effects in SHRs by increasing the serum concentration of NO and fecal concentration of $Na^+$ and enhancing antioxidant activities.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.579-589
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• 2017

Glucosinolates (GSLs), beneficial secondary metabolites for human health are abundantly present in radish vegetable. Radish is a member of Brassicaceae family and its seed, leaf and root contain very important GSLs. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of individual and total GSL contents in leaves and roots of 44 radish (Raphanus spp.) germplasm (26 R. sativus L., 3 R. raphanistrum, and 15 R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides Makino), and compare the GSL contents between leaves and roots among three Raphanus species. Thirteen GSLs were identified, being the glucoraphasatin (GRS) and glucobrassicin (GBS) the most abundant aliphatic and indolyl GSLs in both the leaves and roots. Variation in individual and total GSL contents was found among the germplasm of three Raphanus species. The GRS content was higher in roots than that of leaves in all three Raphanus species but the GBS content was higher in leaves than roots. GRS was represented 87.0%, 92.7% and 94.7% of the total GSL in roots of R. sativus L., R. raphanistrum and R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) germplasm, respectively. Germplasm of R. raphanistrum exhibited the highest (average, $79.5{\mu}mol/g\;dw$) total GSL with a ranged from 62.7 to $92.9{\mu}mol/g\;dw$. The germplasm IT119288, Joseonmu and IT119262 from R. sativus L., RA 504 and K046542 from R. raphanistrum, and Gyeongju-2003-32 (G2003-32) and IT302373 from R. sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) had high total GSL contents and these could be good candidates for developing the functional compounds-rich varieties in radish breeding program.