• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권6호통권134호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

본 연구는 지접부용 처리목재의 지하부에서 발생하는 방부제 유효성분의 용탈에 관한 연구로 토양의 물리 및 화학적 특성이 방부제 유효성분의 용탈에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행하였다. CCA 처리 라디에타소나무 시편을 국내의 대표적인 네 가지 토양(미사질양토, 양토, 사질양토, 사토)에 매립하여 12주간의 용탈기간 동안 토양이 항상 물로 포화된 상태가 유지되도록 토양 용탈시험을 실시하였으며, 토양 용탈시험 결과와 비교할 목적으로 물 용탈시험을 병행하여 실시하였다. 토양 종류에 따른 처리목채로부터 방부제 유효성분의 용탈을 차이가 관찰되었으나 토양 용탈은 물 용탈보다 유효성분의 용탈율이 낮았다. CCA 처리목재로부터 크롬, 구리, 비소 용탈율은 각각 사질양토, 양토, 사토에서 가장 높았으며, 모든 유효성분의 용탈율이 미사질양토에서 가장 낮았다. 토양의 물리 및 화학적 특성과 용탈율 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 방부제 유효성분의 용탈율이 토양 특성에 의해 매우 상이하게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. CCA 처리목재로부터 구리 용탈은 토양내 치환성 마그네슘 및 염기총량의 영향을 받았다. CCA 처리목재로부터 크롬 용탈은 토양내 치환성 마그네슘($Mg^{2+}$) 함량의 영향을 받았으며, 비소 용탈은 토양내 치환성 칼륨($K^+$), 중금속인 니켈(Ni), 망간(Mn), 철(Fe), 크롬(Cr), 구리(Cu) 함량의 영향을 받았다. 본 연구 결과와 기존 연구 결과들 간에, 그리고 기존 연구결과들 간에도 토양 특성과 방부제 유효성분 용탈율 간의 관계가 서로 상이하게 보고되고 있다. 따라서 앞으로 이에 대한 보다 심도 있는 연구가 필요하리라 판단된다. 또한 실험실 규모의 용탈시험을 통해 얻은 본 연구의 결과를 입증하기 위해서 수분 조건과 토양 미생물의 종류와 분포가 상이한 실제 야외 지접부 환경에서의 연구가 반드시 필요하다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2013

In order to evaluate a feasibility of industrial art use of veneer such as cylindrical laminated veneer lumber, the veneers of 4 species of Korean pine, radiata pine, yellow poplar and Japanese cypress were natural dye-colored and clear finished. Natural dyes were red color originated from sappanwood, blue color from polygonum indigo, and yellow color from Amur cork tree and gardenia. the clear coats of crack seal clear and UV protection oil were applied on the dyed veneer. The dyeing and finishing characteristics through fading test were summarized as follows; In non-dyed and non-finished Korean pine veneer, lightness was decreased and yellow and red hues increased after fading test. In natural dyed- and finished-veneer, color difference of gardenia-mixed Amur cork tree was generally highest, and that of polygonum indigo was lowest. Compared to non-treatment of veneers of Korean pine and yellow poplar, color difference decreasing effect by finishing was shown in crack seal clear and UV protection oil. In addition, UV protection oil was more favorable than crack seal clear with more decreased color difference. In result, maximum values of color difference after fading for 8 days were recorded about 16 to 20, which are remarked 'very much' of 12.1 or more when reviewing with 'National bureau of standards unit in USA'.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권4호통권132호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2005

라디에타 파인 유령목의 수지를 제거하고 재색을 변화시킬 수 있는 열처리와 증기처리 방법의 적정 조건을 찾기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 공시판재는 두께 20 mm와 30 mm를 사용하였다. 열처리는 $150^{\circ}C$와 $220^{\circ}C$에서 2, 4, 6시간, 증기처리는 $100^{\circ}C$에서 6, 24, 48시간 실시하였다. 잔류수지는 알콜-벤젠 용액으로 추출하였으며 휴대용 분광 색차계를 사용하여 재색을 측정하였다. 두께 20 mm 판재는 $150^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 2시간 열처리 또는 6시간 증기처리로, 두께 30 mm는 48시간 증기처리로 좋은 수지제거효과를 얻었다. 두께 30 mm 판재의 수지제거에는 처리시간이 가장 영향이 컸다. 판재 두께에 상관없이 백색도는 증기처리가 가장 높았으며 처리온도가 증가할수록, 처리시간이 길어질수록 감소하였는데 후자보다 전자에 더 영향을 받는다고 할 수 있다. 온도 $220^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 이상 열처리하더라도 백색도는 더 이상 변화하지 않았다. 온도 $220^{\circ}C$의 4시간과 6시간 열처리재는 재색이 분명하게 변하였으나 온도 $150^{\circ}C$의 열처리재는 12시간에서만 약하게 변하였다. 따라서 $150^{\circ}C$ 열처리로는 색상변화를 기대하기 어려울 것으로 생각된다. 열처리를 통해 표층뿐만 아니라 내층까지도 표층과 동일한 색상으로 변화시킬 수 있음이 증명되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.400-409
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• 2015

본 연구는 폐목재칩, 라디에타파인칩 그리고 폐목재칩을 매트타입으로 제조한 것을 이용한 양액재배용 고형배지에 대한 특성과 엽채류를 이용한 작물생육발달특성을 검토하였다. 가비중은 폐목재칩이 $0.20g/cm^2$, 라디에타 파인칩이 $0.16g/cm^2$였고, 수분보유율은 폐목재칩과 라디에타파인칩으로 제조한 목재고형배지가 대조구인 암면과 코코피트 배지보다 낮았고, 매트타입의 배지가 가장 낮았다. 폐목재 고형배지는 pH 6.59, 전기전도도 6.76 dS/m, 총질소함량 0.50%, 탄질율 113%, 인산(P)함량 10.1 ppm, 카리(K) 77 ppm, 칼슘(Ca)성분 531 ppm, 마그네슘(Mg) 49 ppm, 나트륨(Na) 96 ppm으로 구성되었다. 라디에타파인 고형배지는 pH 5.29, 전기전도도 4.49 dS/m, 총질소함량 0.32%, 탄질율 180%, 인산(P)함량 6.4 ppm, 카리(K) 83 ppm, 칼슘(Ca)성분 97 ppm, 마그네슘(Mg) 29 ppm, 나트륨(Na) 59 ppm으로 구성되었다. 매트형태의 배지를 제외한 목재고형배지의 작물생육발달특성은 암면배지와 코코피트 배지와 유사한 경향을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과에서 폐목재자원을 이용한 유기고형배지는 기존의 배지인 암면배지와 코코피트 배지를 대체할 수 있는 고형배지로서의 가능성을 시사하였다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2006

Grease barrier food containers are commonly used for packaging of fast food, cooked food, and food in general. Greaseproofing is also used for certificate paper and label paper etc. Different pulp raw materials, due to their different fiber morphology and chemical compositions, produce papers of varying characteristics. We used optical photomicroscopy and fiber analysis data to evaluate fiber morphology and traits under various beating conditions in order to understand which pulp raw materials produced superior greaseproofing property when a fluorinated greaseproofing agent was added internally. The experiment studied 9 species of pulps, including 2 softwood (northern pine and radiata pine) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 550 and 350 mL CSF, respectively; 3 hardwoods (eucalypts, acacia, mixed Indonesian hardwoods) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 450 and 250 mL CSF, respectively; and nonwood fibers of reed, bagasse, and abaca. A fluorinated greaseproofing chemical at 0.12% dosage with respect to dry pulp was added to each pulp preparation and formed handsheets. A total of 67 sets of handsheets were prepared, and their basis weights, thickness, bulks, opacities, wet opacities, air resistance, water absorption and degrees of greaseproofing were measured for an overall evaluation of pulp and freeness on greaseproofing papers. The experimental fiber length, coarseness and distribution characteristics and the greaseproofing results suggest that softwood pulps (radiate pine > northern pine) were superior to hardwood pulps (eucalypts > acacia > mixed Indonesian hardwoods). The unbeaten pulps gave papers with high porosities and nearly devoid of greaseproofing property. Greaseproofing is proportional to air resistance. Among the nonwood fibers, bagasse had the best greaseproofing property, followed by reed and abaca was the poorest. With regards to waterproofing property, hardwood pulps (mixed Indonesian hardwoods > acacia > eucalypts) were better than softwood pulps (northern pine > radiate pine). Among the Nonwood fibers, reed had the highest waterproofing property, and it was followed by abaca, while bagasse had the poorest waterproofing characteristic. In summary, bleached kraft northern pine, eucalypts and reed pulps were best suited for making greaseproofing papers, Freeness of the pulps should be kept at $200{\sim}280mL$ CSF for optimal performance.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2017

This study examined the traditional edible basis and ingredients of Song-gi used for Pyeon of Jong-ga ancestral ritual food. Through an investigation of references, a case study, and ingredient analysis for traditional edible basis of Song-gi, the nutritional value and availability as food material were reviewed. Among the 4 kinds of pine trees from 4,705 types of edible materials usable as food listed in the ${\ll}$Korea Food Standards Codex${\gg}$, 'Pinus radiata D. Don', in which the husk is acknowledged as an edible food, was applied in this study. This study processed the Song-gi following the method of jong-ga and divided into pine inner bark (PIB) and pine inner bark powder (PIBP) to analyze the general composition and dietary fiber. The main composition of PIB was carbohydrate, in which the content was 88.7% per 100 g. The content of dietary fiber was 73.7% per 100 g and the insoluble dietary fiber reached 92.3% in total dietary fiber. In conclusion, the edibility of Song-gi, which has a considerable amount of insoluble dietary fiber caused constipation because it absorbed the moisture in the intestine due to the lack of nutrients but may be developed as a functional food that helps the digestive activation of the intestine and improve the health of the intestine if taken with balanced nutrition.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.548-557
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of insoluble dietary fibers from pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) inner bark powder (PIBP) on loperamide constipation in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered PIBP in their diets at concentrations of 5% and 10% for 4 weeks. Rats were divided in to four groups, normal diet group (Cont), a normal diet and loperamide group (Lop), 5% PIBP experimental diet and loperamide group (Lop+PIBP 5%), and 10% PIBP experimental diet and loperamide group (Lop+PIBP 10%). Constipation was induced by oral administration of loperamide (2 mg/kg, twice per day) for the last three days of the experiment. Food intake, body weight, properties of feces, gastrointestinal transit time, and serum lipid profiles were measured. When compared with the normal diet and loperamide group (Lop), there were increases in fecal pellet number (p<0.05), wet weight (p<0.001), and water content (p<0.001). Positive results were derived from relevant indicators to improve constipation. In addition, the number of fecal pellets in the colon was not significant, and decreased as PIBP content increased. PIBP had a concentration-dependent effect on reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides and elevation of HDL-cholesterol. These results indicate that PIBP may effectively prevent constipation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1996

It is well-known fact that dimensional stability of wood is greatly enhanced by acetylation of wood. This dimensional stability results from bulking of the reacted acetate within the cell wall, which reduces further swelling when the modified woods corne into contact with water or water vapor. The purpose of this research was to determine the water absorption and dimensional stability of the acetylated solid wood in liquid water and in humidity tests. Radiata pine, Siberian larch, and Japanese larch were acetylated. Antiswelling efficiency(ASE) and equilibrium moisture content(EMC) of acetylated wood, at 95% RH and $20^{\circ}C$ after 4weeks, was quite dependent on WPG, but was not dependent on species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

Since ultrasonic stress wave velocity varies with wood temperature and moisture content, ultrasonic stress wave could be a tool to predict wood moisture content if temperature effect could be eliminated. This temperature effect was investigated by measuring the velocities of ultrasonic stress waves transmitting through air, a metal bar and a dimension lumber at various temperatures. For air the velocity and amplitude of the ultrasonic stress wave increase with temperature, while for a metal bar and a dimension lumber those decrease as temperature increases. However all three materials showed velocity hystereses with a temperature cycle. The effect of temperature and moisture content on stress wave velocity of a dimension lumber was depicted in the form of a three dimensional graph. The plot of stress wave velocity vs. wood moisture content was well fitted by two regression equations: a exponential equation below 46% and a linear equation above 46%.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 1995

Acid-catalysts were used to accelerate the liquefaction of wood with phenol. Sulfuric acid was quite excellent as a acid-catalyst of liquefaction of wood. It's proper dose was 3% of oven-dried weight of wood to get the 10% of target degree of residue, when the reaction time was 2 hours. The liquefaction of wood catalyzed with sulfuric acid was easily carried out at low temperature of 140$^{\circ}C$, but the degrees of residue decreased gradually with the increase of reaction temperature. The behaviors of liquefaction of oak and radiata pine were nearly same.