• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

본 연구는 저지방 양념 돈육에 구아바 잎 분말을 첨가하여 천연 연육제로서의 효과를 확인하고 소비자의 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 최적의 첨가량을 찾아보고자 양념 돈육의 수분, pH, 색도, 기계적 품질 특성, 관능적 특성(정량적 묘사분석, 기호도 검사)을 측정하였다. 수분은 가열육의 경우 생육보다 상대적으로 낮은 수분함량을 보였으며 구아바 첨가량 1% 첨가 군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. pH는 생육은 1%, 1.5%에서 높은 값을 나타내었고 구운 고기에서는 대조군, 1%, 2%에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 생육과 구운 고기의 명도는 1% 첨가 군에서 높은 값을 나타내었고 첨가량이 증가할수록 b값의 황색도는 높아졌지만 a값의 적색도는 낮아짐을 확인했다. 텍스처 특성에서 탄력성은 1% 첨가 군에서 가장 높았고, 그 밖의 씹힘성, 경도, 검성은 1%와 1.5%에서 가장 낮은 값을 보이며 첨가율 증가에 따른 연육효과를 확인했다. 정량적 묘사분석에서 갈색은 구아바 잎 분말 첨가율의 증가에 따라 갈색이 강하게 나타났으며, 고기 누린내는 대조군이 가장 높았고 구아바 잎 분말 첨가량이 많을수록 누린내가 약하게 나타났다. 구수한 향미, 연도와 다즙성, 쫄깃한 정도에서는 모두 구아바 잎 분말 1.5%첨가 군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 종합적 기호도에서 가장 좋게 평가된 시료는 구아바 잎 분말 첨가 1.5%였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 구아바 잎 분말 1.5% 첨가했을 때 가장 높은 효과와 기호도를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이것은 향후 돈육의 소비불균형의 해결과 기능성 재료로서의 연육 연구에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

This study compares the interrelation of fit factor(FF) and visual acuity test by the order of wearing preference between Particulate filtering face piece respirators(PFFR) and glasses for 54 participants. Glasses fitting factors is Optical Center Height(OH), Vertex Distance(VD) and Pantoscopic Angle(PA) or Visual acuity. We measured those factors and expressed by the ratio of standard point and change point. Quantitative fit factor was measured by Portacount Pro+ 8038 and compared the result of preference of wearing order between respirators and glasses. Also, we selected to 6 exercises among 8 exercises OSHA QNFT (Quantitative Fit testing) protocol to measure the fit factors. The pass/ fail criterion of FF was set at 100. Visual acuity test chart is developed by Chunsuk Han was used, Descriptive statistics was performed. Descriptive statistics(SAS ver 9.2), it is used geometric means, Wilcoxon analysis, peason correlation(P=0.05) Fit factor was increased when the respirator was worn before wearing the glasses(p=0.000) and decreased for visual acuity(p=0.000) The negative correlation was showed between OH and Overall fit factor(r=-0.409, p=0.002). Among 54 participants, 11 participants(20.3%) were worn respirator before wearing glasses and 1 participant(1.9%) was worn glasses before wearing respirator. The overall fit test showed the higher level was investigated for the group of participants wearing respirator before wearing glasses in 6 exercises. Also, overall fit factor were increased when participants wore glasses prior to respirator(16.6) to respirator prior to glasses(36.6). Visual acuity were increased when participants wore respirator prior to glasses(93.8) to glasses prior to respirator(106.0). Finally, comparison result of overall fit factor and visual acuity were glasses first choice from mask first choice. The results showed that higher overall fit factor was investigate when the participants wore the respirator prior to glassess at all. The results implied that it is important to maintain the overall fit factor and visual acuity according to the consideration of OH for glasses fitting when worker wore respirator and glasses at the same time.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to replace the highly imported wheat consumption with rice in order to improve the rate of food self-sufficiency. Also, the study focused on the possibility of compounded bread making with rice flour, its taste for the Korean who have westernized eating styles, and the development of rice flour compounded bread as an alternative for wheat allergic people. Therefore, the researcher produced the soaked-rice flour, toasted-rice flour, and Extrusion-Expansion of Rice (E-ER) flour by different processing methods to bake rice wheat bread with the 10～50% mixing proportion. The volume and structure of bread were observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the sensory quality and the baking property were analyzed with a seven-point Likert type scale of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The sensory quality consisted of seven qualities such as color, size and distribution of air cell, flavor, softness, chewing, and overall quality that were evaluated as higher rating showed the better quality. The results of this study are: 1. The volume of the three types of rice wheat bread was almost same or bigger than wheat bread with the 20% of mixed proportion. 2. The size and distribution of air cell of E-ER wheat bread observed by SEM were more evenly distributed that toasted-rice wheat bread. The E-ER wheat bread had soft structure and was relatively similar to wheat flour bread. However, the structure of soaked-rice wheat bread was significantly different to other types of rice wheat bread. The structure of 10% mixed all three types of rice wheat bread was similar and evenly distributed to wheat bread but was bigger and coarser as higher mixing proportion of rice flour. 3. The dark brown color of rice wheat bread showed low sensory quality. 4. Both soaking-rice flour and E-ER flour were able to be mixed with wheat flour up to the 50%, and the seven sensory quality of these wheat bread were better than those of wheat bread. Among the three types of rice flour, toasted-rice wheat bread showed low bread property and sensory quality compared to soaked-rice or E-ER wheat bread. Consequently, this study showed that rice wheat bread that contains 20～30% of rice flour was better than wheat bread in the appropriate volume, seven sensory qualities and bread property.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 최근 사회적으로 요구되고 있는 LOHAS 컨셉에 적용 기능한 한방 재료를 소스에 응용하고자 다양한 효능, 효과의 기능성 이 입증된 오미자를 간장을 주재료로 한 소스인 불고기 소스에 첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 소스의 물리적, 관능적 평가를 통해 기능성이 향상된 소스를 입증하고자 비교 분석한 결과이다. 일반성분 분석 결과 오미자 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분 함량, 조회분, 조단백질은 낮아졌고, 조지방은 검출되지 않았으며, 색도에서 L값은 첨가량 증가 시 점점 높아졌으며, 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 오미자 착즙액 첨가량이 증가할수록 높아졌다. 오미자 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH, 염도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, 점도는 이와 반대로 높아지는 결과를 보였다. 오미자 불고기 소스만을 가지고 정량적 묘사 분석에서는 오미자 첨가량이 증가할수록 색, 향, 맛, 후미는 강하다고 평가되었고, 기호도 검사 결과 모든 항목에서 5% 첨가 소스가 가장 선호하였다. 오미자불고기의 정량적 묘사분석 결과, 오미자 착즙액 첨가량이 증가할수록 색의 강도 소스의 향, 오미자의 맛 정도가 강하다고 평가되었고, 누린내, 짠맛, 단맛, 누린맛이 약하다고 평가되었다. 본 연구를 종합해 보면 대조군을 비롯하여 5가지의 시료를 첨가량을 달리한 결과 5%의 첨가군을 가장 선호하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이와 같은 결과는 기존의 간장 불고기 소스에 다른 과일즙을 첨가하여도 좋을 것으로 사료되며, 지속적으로 개발할 필요성이 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.105-130
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the statistical methods errors used in the journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine(JORM) and to identify the types of errors in statistical analysis. Methods : We reviewed quantitative articles that were published in the JORM from January 2005 through October 2009. Those were not used by statistical analysis such as literature studies, case study, review articles were not included in this analysis. A total of 296 articles was reviewed. We evaluated the adequacy and the validity of the statistical techniques with our checklist established be modified Lee's checklist, and three statistical evaluators assessed together to minimize bias. Results : Of the 222 articles, 213 were used in inferential and descriptive statistics. Of those 80% of articles adopting descriptive and inferential statistics were detected having statistical errors. One articles used 1.7 statistical method unit generally. Most frequently employed statistics were student t-test, one way ANOVA. pearson correlation analysis, Mann-whitney U test, paired t-test, and chi-square test in their order. However, most frequent statistics having errors were similar in order. The most common statistic errors were as follow: 1. absence of normality test, 2. misuse between paired test and unpaired test, 3. wrong choice of repeated measures analysis without consideration of time variables, 4, increase of Type I error by using inappropriate multiple test, 5. inappropriate application of discrete or categorical data instead of continuous data in correlation analysis, 6. poor consideration of basic consumption in chi-square test, 7. confusion between frequency comparison and average comparison, 8. mentioning the statistical technique without using it. Conclusions : We found various mistake or misuses in the applications of statistical methodologies in the articles published in the JORM. Careful consideration of statistical use and review from the specialist of statistics are warranted for improving the quality of JORM.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze articles published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamental Nursing from 2001 to 2007. Method: Three hundred articles were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The focus was on research type, methodolgy and keywords. Results: Thirty percent of the research was supported financially. Ninety-four percent was quantitative research and of these the majority were surveys (73.2%). The rate of adoption for hypotheses in experimental studies were 55.07% but only 3% of the research included conceptual framework. The most common settings for data collection were clinical settings (51.99%), followed by community settings (43.71%). For data analysis, descriptive statistics (27.5%), t-test (17.1%), ANOVA (15.3%) and chi-square (7.9%) were most frequently used. Keywords were categorized into four nursing metaparadigms : human-beings, health, nursing, and environment. The most frequently used domain was health. Conclusion: The number of research papers published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamental Nursing has increased and the quality has improved compared with articles published before 2001 year. Research topics varied and were mostly conducted on the basis of logical positivism.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2020

The unsustainable human activities like increased use of automobiles, heavy industrialization and the use of large volumes of fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides in the agricultural land cause climate change problems in one way or another. Under normal circumstances, the heat radiations from the sun will be reflected back. An excessive volume of GHGs in the atmosphere would prevent these radiations from reflecting back. East Asia is facing severe climate change issues in recent times. A lot of climate change problems such as hurricanes and floods have been reported from this region in the last couple of decades. The study aimed at investigating the climate change in East Asia with changing Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The study adopted a quantitative research method with a case study research design where a deliberate focus was made on the East Asia Region. Secondary data was gathered and analyzed to yield both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concluded that the impact of East Asia Climate variability was significant mainly for some extreme events. Also, the study concluded that there was a significant link between the change of the East Asia climate variability and that of the sea surface temperature. Further, the study concluded that a linear relationship existed between the sea surface temperature and the climate of East Asia. Hence, a linear regression was a significant predictor of the East Asia Climate (EAC) based on changing sea surface temperature. The model revealed that 37.4% of the variations in the climate change index were explained by the changes in the sea surface temperature. The climate was expected to change with a value of 49.48 for a unit change in the sea surface temperature.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

The elementary idea of 'function-words' in Classical Chinese originates from Han dynasty. But because of the pictographic nature the methodology for 'content words' had been applied to the study on 'function words', ane the conditions had not changed until modern times. In grammar functions of the function-word syntactical, morphological in unit sentence were studied in this using the method of quantitative analysis for all the function-words appeared in ${\ll}$Hwang je nae gyung-Somun${\gg}$. In the previous studies about function word, many data were collected and analyzed diachronically. But those studies failed to examine function-words closed in connection with synchronic study. Besides, in the explain about relevant function-words also, the case which was made centering around exegetic explain was most. And in the case to explain the function-words have in unit sentence also, the explain only about some function-words is made, but the analysis about concrete function to have in syntactical system is being handled negligently. This study stands not only on the background df the traditional studies but also on the basis of the western grammar and linguistics, especially the descriptive grammar and linguistics, especially the descriptive grammar. ${\ll}$Hwang je nae gyung-Somun${\gg}$ is collect and recorded the mythology and special contents related to Daoism in the side of contents as what was written on the basis of the historical consciousness of individual in contents regardless of compilation system. The purpose of this study is to clarify how the role and function of fuction-words are being made in the composition of unit sentence which appeard in ${\ll}$Hwang je nae gyung-Somun${\gg}$ through synchronic grammar system.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.473-489
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated the patient safety culture (PSC), the perception of importance on patient safety management (PIPSM) and the patient safety management activities (PSMA) of care workers in nursing homes. This was a descriptive study that attempted to provide basic data for the patient safety education program of care workers. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews from July 1 to 31 in 2020. One hundred and seventy-four care workers participated in quantitative research. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Pearson's correlation. The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews with six representatives and six care workers from six nursing homes. Content analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results: Positive correlations were observed between PSC and PIPSM, and between PIPSM and PIPSM. Care workers' experience in patient safety management was in the following six categories: "Safety accident risk factors", "Type of safety accidents", "How to prevent safety accidents", "Effective safety management education", "Emphasis on occupational ethics of care workers", and "Needs for standard protocol" Conclusion: These findings indicate that considering the care workers' age and facility size, nurses should enhance patient safety education for care workers and establish a management activity system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2021

Background: Sunburn is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Beach lifeguards spend many hours exposed to the effects of solar radiation during their work day, precisely at times of the year when levels of solar irradiation are highest. The aim of this study is to quantify the risk to beach lifeguards of sun exposure. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Western Costa del Sol, southern Spain, during the summer of 2018. The research subjects were recruited during a skin cancer prevention course for beach lifeguards. All participants were invited to complete a questionnaire on their habits, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure. In addition, ten were specially monitored using personal dosimeters for three consecutive days, and the results were recorded in a photoprotection diary. A descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables) was performed, and inter-group differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Two hundred fifteen lifeguards completed the questionnaire, and 109 met the criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD: 5.1), 78.0% were male, 71.5% were phototype III or IV (Fitzpatrick's phototype), and 77.1% had experienced at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. The mean daily personal ultraviolet exposure per day, the minimal erythema dose, and the standard erythema dose, in J/m², were 634.7 [standard deviation (SD): 356.2], 2.5 (SD: 1.4) and 6.35 (SD: 3.6), respectively. Conclusion: Beach lifeguards receive very high doses of solar radiation during the work day and experience correspondingly high rates of sunburn. Intervention strategies to modify their sun exposure behavior and working environment are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer for these workers and to promote early diagnosis of the disease.