• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

This study examined the quality of bread made from a wheat flour, oat powder, and wild carrot powder mixture. The lightness and redness values decreased with increasing amount of wild carrot powder addition, while the yellowness was increased significantly. In a sample of wild carrot powder addition, the total volume was lower than the control. The texture profile analysis of oat bread, such as hardness, gumminess and cohesiveness decreased significantly with increasing amount of wild carrot powder addition. In the case of springiness, the value was not significant. The sensory evaluation of oat bread was significantly different in all analyses. Oat bread (BCB2.0) containing 2.0% (w/w) wild carrot powder showed the highest value in the four sensory evaluation items. Therefore, the 2.0% (w/w) addition of wild carrot powder addition was appropriate. An analysis of the physicochemical active component and DPPH scavenging activity of oat bread revealed a higher total flavonoid and total polyphenol content than normal bread. The DPPH scavenging activity was also 20.3% compared to the wild carrot powder. The availability of wild carrot powder in oat bread could be identified.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2012

Wheat is a very popular crop in all over the world due to the various use of wheat flour as staple foods, such as bread. As many food products are made from wheat, the property of wheat can be a determinant of the quality of final food products. Staled bread is not harmful to health but is normally rejected by consumers due to the absence of desirable sensory attributes. The phenomena of staling can be increased hardness of bread, the migration of moisture from center of bread to the crust of bread, loss of flavor and etc. The exact mechanism of staling has not been established completely. To delay or prevent staling, either addition of anti-staling agent, such as surfactant and enzyme or modification of wheat component, such as wheat starch has been adapted. The development of waxy wheat made it possible to reconstitute the starch component in bread. When the content of amylopect in was increased in bread, the loss of moisture was decreased and the reduction in softness of bread was decreased during storage. Increased retrogradation of starch did not always accompany the staling of bread indicating that the retrogradation of starch may not be a single indicator of bread staling. To find out the exact relationship between bread staling and starch retrogradation, further research is necessary.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2007

The quality characteristics of breads made by adding levels of 30%, 60%, and 100% aloe gel were investigated. The 60% aloe gel sample had a larger dough volume than the control dough. Also, the loaf volume and specific volume of the bread made with 60% aloe gel were larger than those of the control bread. The pasting temperature increased gradually with the increasing amounts of substituted aloe gel as compared to wheat flour with water added$(66.5{\pm}12^{\circ}C)$; the wheat flour with 100% aloe gel had a pasting temperature of $90.7{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$. Peak viscosity decreased gradually with increasing amounts of aloe gel when compared to the wheat flour with water added. Setback also was decreased gradually with the increasing amounts of aloe gel as compared to the wheat flour with added water. From the setback decrease it is suggested that the aloe controlled retrogradation of the bread during short-term storage. The crumb color of the bread made with the aloe gel was not significantly different to that of the control bread, and the color of the crumb was yellow-white. Bread hardness decreased gradually with increasing amounts of the substituted aloe gel. However, bread gumminess and chewiness increased gradually with increasing amounts of aloe gel. The springiness of the bread made with 100% aloe gel was lower than that of the control bread. With regard to flavor and taste, the bread made with 100% aloe gel produced a green-like odor and had a bitter taste. The mouth feel of the breads made with aloe gel was considered soft and moist. The overall acceptabilities of the breads made with 30% and 60% aloe gel were not significantly different from the control bread, but the bread made with 100% aloe gel had a green smell and bitter taste. Yet accordingly, the results indicate that functional and health products with improved quality could be developed by adding aloe gel to breads and cakes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1120-1128
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• 2001

한국형 찐빵 품질에 적합한 시중 밀가루 품질과 발효 시간 (0~60분) 및 첨가 재료(베이킹파우더, 쇼트닝)가 찐빵 품질에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 박력분(LF), 중력분(MF), 강력 분(HF)과. 박력분과 강력분(HLF) 혹은 박력분과 중력분 (HMF)을 각각 동량 혼합한 것을 포함한 5종의 밀가루를 사용하여 밀가루 반죽 물성과 빵 품질을 비교하였다. 사용된 밀가루의 단백질 함량은 8.17.~12.52%, 회분은 0.38 ~ 0.41% 범위에 있으며 찐빵은 오븐에서 굽는 roll bread와는 다르게 1차 발효 과정을 생략한 제조 조건에서 찐빵 품질이 가장 우수하였고, 찐빵 제조에 요구되는 밀가루는 반죽 강도가 강한 강력분에 가까운 밀가루보다 단백질 함량이 9.5 ~ 10.9%, 범위의 반죽 강도가 중간 정도인 시중 밀가루가 찐빵 제조에 적합하였다. 찐빵 제조에 베이킹파우더 1.0~1.5%, 쇼트닝 5 ~ 7% 첨가로 빵 부피, 빵 모양, bread score, 조직감 등이 향상되었다. 전반적인 기호도가 가장 높았던 찐빵은 강력분과 박력분을 동량 혼합한 혼합분(단백질 10.53%)으로 만든 것으로 빵 껍질이 매끄럽고, 광택이 있고 희었으며, 촉감은 촉촉하고 부드러웠다. 시중 밀가루 품질과 빵 품질과의 상관성은 ro11 bread와 찐빵에서 다르게 나타났는데 roll bread의 빵 부피나 total bread score는 단백질 함량과 farinograph 반죽 물성이 모두 관련이 있었으나 찐빵의 경우 단백질 함량은 빵 부피에 영향을 미치지 않았고 새심 bread score는 단백질 보다 반죽 안정도와 상관성이 더 높았으며 빵 표면 특성은 반죽 형성 시간과 호화 점도에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.805-813
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• 2006

The quality of frozen bread dough made with the milk proteins casein (C), whey (W), and the gums sodium alginate (A) and ${\kappa}$-carrageenan (K), was investigated to develop methods to suppress the deterioration of the frozen dough quality. The control had a lower dough volume than dough with additives during freeze-thaw cycles. In bread stored at $5^{\circ}C$, the moisture content of bread prepared with whey plus sodium alginate (WA) decreased less than that of the control. The control also had a lower specific loaf volume than breads made with added milk proteins and gums. The hardness of the control bread and bread made with casein plus sodium alginate (CA) and whey plus ${\kappa}$-carrageenan (WK) increased during freeze-thaw cycles, although that of the control increased more than the others. There was no significant difference in sensory preference among breads with and without milk proteins and gums. Addition of CA and WA improved the baking quality by reducing the deterioration of frozen dough and retarding the staling of bread.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2002

감귤과피 분말을 l~5% 함유하는 물 균질액을 첨가한 빵의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 반죽의 pH는 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌으며 산도는 반대로 높아졌다. 반죽의 부피와 빵의 loaf volume은 첨가량이 높아질수록 감소하였다. 3% 첨가빵의 total carotenoids, hesperidin 및 naringin 함량은 각각 0.14 mg%, 38.4 mg% 및 25.3 mg%이었다. 빵의 hardness는 감귤과피 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높았다. 1%를 첨가한 경우의 strength는 대조군과 차이가 없었으며 그 이상으로 첨가할수록 높아졌다. Cohesiveness는 1% 첨가는 대조구와 차이가 보이지 않았으나 3~5% 첨가구는 크게 감소하였다. Springiness는 0, 1 및 3% 첨가는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나 5% 첨가군에서는 현저히 낮았다. 색상, 맛, 향, 씹힘성 및 종합적인 기호도로 평가한 결과 3% 첨가구가 가장 양호하였다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2001

Chou-cream bread and Red bean paste bread were made by sponge & dough method with the sweet dough formula. The bread quality was studied by the measurements of the temperature variation, the fermentation level of frozen dough in the special condition(dough conditioner of 5$^{\circ}C$, 10$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$, 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$), the product volume and thesensory evaluation with frozen dough thawed, fermented and baked. When thawing temperature was low, the core temperature of frozen dough increased slowly and the time for thawing and fermentationwas long. In thawing and fermentation, the core temperature of Red bean paste dough increased faster than that of Chou-cream dough. When the thawing conditions of dough conditioner(retarder) were 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$, the level of total time decrease for thawing and fermentation was 55 and 86 min in Chou-cream dough and 62 and 90 min in Red bean paste dough respectively in comparison to dough conditioner of 5$^{\circ}C$. In volume of baked products, they showed no significant difference for three weeks of storage, but slight difference for four weeks of storage. The result was that Chou-cream bread was larger than Red bean paste bread in the decrease of volume. In sensory evaluation, the bread quality became low according to the time. When stored for four weeks in the freezer, significant differences were found in Chou-cream vread, but slight difference appeared in Red bean paste bread. The research identified that Red bean paste dough was more effective in manufacturing time than that of Chou-cream dough, when thawing temperature was high, and if frozen dough was thawed in the retarder of lower than 20$^{\circ}C$, the bread quality in terms of volume and sensory evaluation had no significant difference in comparison to the none-freezing Red bean paste bread.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2017

This study investigated quality characteristics of sourdough bread using fermented fig. Bread containing sourdough, compared with control group, showed high inclination in moisture content. Sample with 20% of sourdough was the highest, and sample with 40% of sourdough was the lowest. There was a significant difference among samples. As for appearance and cross structure of sourdough bread with fermented fig, there was an inclination that the bigger sourdough bread is, the bigger cell is and the more even its structure is. As for the chromaticity, sample with 20% of sourdough showed the lowest value of L and value of b. Value of L and b got lower as its volume got bigger. Value of a, on the one hand, showed no fixed inclination. As for textural characteristics, sourdough bread showed lower hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess, and higher springiness and cohesiveness than control group. There were significant differences among all items, but there was no significant difference in hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess among samples. Changes in result of sensory analysis suggested that sample with 20% of sourdough showed the highest overall preference including color, flavor, taste, and appearance. On the other hand, sample with 40% of sourdough showed the lowest overall preference. Considering preference through sensory analysis and quality characteristics of sourdough bread with fermented fig, therefore, it seemed that sourdough bread with 20% of sourdough had the best characteristics.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2002

기능성을 갖고 있는 녹차가 빵의 품질 특서에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 녹차를 첨가한 식빵을 제조하여 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 녹차빵은 녹차 물추출액 0%, 50%, 70%, 100%를 첨가하여 제조하였고, 3$0^{\circ}C$로 저장하면서 24시간 간격으로 7일간의 수분, pH 및 산도, 총세균수 등의 변화, 그리고 관능검사 등을 실시하였다. 녹차 물추출액의 첨가는 수분의 손실을 감소시켜 식빵의 노화속도를 감소시켰다. pH 및 산도의 변화는 5일 후에 큰 변화가 나타났는데, 녹차 물추출액의 첨가량이 많을수록 변화폭이 적었다. 총 세균수의 경우 녹차 물추출액 첨가구에서는 대조구에 비해 세균수의 증가폭이 적게 나타나 부패시기가 적어도 1~2일 정도 늦어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사에서는 녹차물추출액 첨가가 식빵의 기호에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이는 기존의 식빵에 대한 관념 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 수명 연장의 효과가 있었다. 결국 녹차 성분은 식빵에 있어서 천연보존료로서의 이용 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.599-613
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of white pan bread added with wheat sprout powder without treatment (WP) and wheat sprout powder with only enzyme treatment (WPE), only lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPL) and enzyme and lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPE&L). The three different powder concentration levels of 1%, 3%, and 5% were added to flour to produce the white pan bread. The bread volume and specific volume of the WPE&L group were the highest among all the addition groups. The bread weight, a-value, and b-value of the WP group was highest among all the addition groups, but the bread baking loss and the L-value of the WP group was the lowest among all the addition groups. The texture measurements indicated that the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values of the bread were the highest in the WP group. The sensory evaluation test showed that bread in the WPE&L group with 3% wheat sprout powder was the best among all the samples studied. Based on our findings, we suggest that the enzyme and lactic acid bacteria pretreated wheat sprout powder is an effective ingredient for improving the overall quality of white pan bread.