• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2005

Recently since urbanization has brought about a dried stream and a worse water quality, Anyang city discharged the third treated sewage into the upper stream of Anyancheon and Hakuicheon. As the result, Hakuicheon had the water level and velocity enough for a living thing in the water to live in but water quality was worse than it had been. Therefore in case of meeting the water level and velocity of the second grade water-quality which living things in the water can live in, the discharge and water quality to secure in-stream flow must be at least 0.350 $m^3/s$ and $BOD_5\;3.2 mg/{\iota}$ respectively. In Anyancheon the water level was increased a little higher than it had been but the velocity was almost unchanged in comparison with it before. On the other hand the water quality was a little better than it had been. Therefore in case of meeting the water level and velocity of the third grade water-quality that people can do water-friendly activity, the discharge and water quality to secure in-stream flow must be at least 0.688 $m^3/s$ and $BOD_5\;4.8 mg/{\iota}$ respectively. The water-quality prediction on the suggested eight scenarios was simulated in all satisfying the third grade water-quality.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2013

건강검진 목적으로 심장 CT검사를 시행한 198명의 대상자 중 수동노출조절 방법(n=123)의 대조군과 자동노출조절 방법(n=75)의 실험군으로 BMI에 따라 Grade 1(BMI < 23kg/$m^2$), Grade 2(23 $$\leq_-$$ BMI < 25kg/$m^2$), Grade 3(25 $$\leq_-$$ BMI < 30kg/$m^2$), Grade 4(30 $$\leq_-$$ BMI kg/$m^2$)로 분류하고 영상의 질을 객관적, 주관적 평가로 분석하였고 방사선량을 비교하였다. 자동노출조절 방법을 사용하였을 때 모든 Grade에서 관전압이 유의하게 감소하였고, $CTDI_{vol}$, effective dose 값은 Grade 2에서는 통계적으로 유의하지 않게 감소하였으나 Grade 1, 3, 4에서는 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). SNR은 Grade 1에서 유의하게 감소하였고 Grade 3에서는 유의하게 증가하였지만(p<0.05) Grade 2와 4에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). CNR은 Grade 1에서 유의하게 감소하였고(p<0.05), Grade 2, 3, 4에서는 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 영상의 주관적인 평가에서도 두 그룹간의 모든 Grade에서 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 결론적으로 자동노출조절 방법은 수동노출조절 방법에 비해 영상의 주관적 평가는 변하지 않으면서도 피폭선량을 줄일 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 나타났다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.569-577
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• 2000

The position of tobacco leaves is affluence to the quality. To evaluate its quality, sample leaves was collected according to the position of attachment. In Korea, the position was divided into four classes such as high, middle, low and inside positioned leaves. Until now, the grade of standard sample was determined by human expert from korea ginseng and tobacco company. Many research were done by the chemical and spectrum analysis using NIR and computer vision. The grade of tobacco leaves mainly classified into 5 grades according to the attached position and its chemical composition. In high and low positioned leaves shows a low level grade under grade 3. Generally, inside and medium positioned leaf has a high level grade. This is the basic research to develop a real time tobacco leaves grading system combined with portable NIR spectrum analysis system. However, this research just deals with position recognition and grading using the color machine vision. The RGB color information was converted to HSI image format and the sample was all investigated using the bundle of tobacco leaves. Quality grade and position recognition was performed through well known general error back propagation neural network. Finally, the relationship about attached leaf position and its grade was analyzed.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.103-125
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• 2018

This study was conducted as a part of the project to evaluate the quality of mathematics instruction in the national curriculum system. The purpose of this study is to measure the consistency between teaching goals of mathematics curriculum, contents presentation of textbooks, and testing including adequacy of each element in mathematics instruction for 8th grade. To do this, we used MIQP (instructional quality profile for Mathematics) developed basing on the instructional quality profile (IQP) in the previous research of the project. First, the quality of textbooks' content presentation for 8th grade was found that the desirable levels in number and operation area and geometric area was relatively less compared to other areas, but it was generally good. Second, it was found that the quality of mathematics testing for 8th grade was good in terms of consistency with the curriculum's teaching goals, consistency with the content presentation of textbooks, and adequacy of testing. However, regional differences in the quality of testing showed that there were some deficiencies in regions outside the metropolitan.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship among market weight, slaughter age, yield grade, and primal cut yield in Hanwoo. A total of 403 Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) was assessed for carcass traits such as carcass cold weight, backfat thickness, ribeye area, dressing percentage, yield index, and marbling score. The production yield of the individual major primal cuts of Hanwoo beef was also measured. Carcass cold weight, ribeye area, and backfat thickness, which affect meat quality increased with increased market weight (p < 0.05). The production yield of the ten major primal cuts also increased with increased market weight (p < 0.05). In terms of slaughter age, carcass cold weight, ribeye area, and backfat thickness all increased from 25 months to 28-29 months, and the production yield of all prime cuts also increased with increasing slaughter age. According to the meat yield grade, carcass cold weight and backfat thickness increased from grade A to grade C, although the ribeye area was not affected. The combined findings of the study suggest that slaughtering Hanwoo at the weight of 651-700 kg and 701-750 and age of 28.23 and 29.83 months could be desirable to achieve the best quality and quantity grade of Hanwoo beef. However, the positive correlation of carcass cold weight and backfat thickness, and the negative correlation of the yield index according to primal cuts yield indicated that it is necessary to couple the slaughtering management of cattle with improved genetic and breeding method of Hanwoo to increase the production yield of the major prime cuts of Hanwoo beef.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.207-208
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• 2012

This study is aimed to utilize for basic material of concrete quality management through evaluate properties of fresh and hardened concrete with the aggregate quality. As a result, fine aggregate's slump change of between one grade was 8~82% and in case of coarse aggregate, slump change of between one grade was 2~22% on same mixing condition. The unit water for same workability condition, unit water was increased 16kg/㎥ with decreasing of one grade for fine aggregate and unit water was increased 5kg/㎥ with decreasing of one grade for coarse aggregate.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.225-242
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• 2005

This study investigated the relations between children's self-perceived competence and friendship quality by grade, sex and father/mother attachment, and the relative importance of father/mother attachment and self-perceived competence on quality of children's friendships. There was a mean difference in self-perceived competence by grade and father/mother attachment. While both 3rd graders and 5th graders showed high levels of father/mother attachment and self-perceived competence, 5th graders showed higher self-perceived competence than 3rd graders. There was a mean difference in friendship quality by grade, sex and father/mother attachment : 5th graders showed higher friendship quality than the 3rd graders, and girls showed higher friendship quality then boys. In conclusion, children's friendship quality was influenced by father/mother attachment and social acceptance.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2013

The strategy for increasing the palatability of Hanwoo beef through fattening could lead to a decline in yield grade. The aim of this study was to examine the meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. A total of 246 Hanwoo steers was divided into the following yield grades: A (n=77), B (n=76) and C (n=93). Meat quality traits, including proximate composition, cholesterol content, nucleotide content, dipeptide content, creatine and creatinine, free amino acid content, fatty acid composition, instrumental meat color, pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, and sensory qualities of the LD muscle from the 3 yield grades of Hanwoo carcasses were measured. The decline in yield grade from A to C resulted in an increase in crude fat and cholesterol content as well as a decrease in inosine 5'-monophosphate and aspartic acid in the LD muscle (p<0.05). In terms of fatty acid composition, the LD muscle from yield grade A had higher SFA and PUFA and lower MUFA content than that from yield grade C (p<0.05). However, the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 did not differ among LD muscles from the 3 yield grades. There were no significant differences among other meat quality traits in relation to the yield grade. In conclusion, we suggest that the changes of substances related with health and flavor can be considered in order to obtain better quality Hanwoo beef.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2010

본 연구는 수소 및 거세우(24-30개월) 15두(각 육질등급별 3두씩)를 공시축으로 이용하여 우육의 부위(목심, 채끝, 우둔, 양지머리, 등심)에 따른 육질등급($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1, 2, 3)별 일반성분, pH, 육색, 보수력, 가열감량, 콜레스테롤 및 트랜스지방산 함량을 조사하였다. 일반성분에서 단백질함량은 16.66-22.64% 범위고 수분함량은 57.40-75.69% 범위 였으며 지방함량은 0.61-24.74%로 나타났다. 육질등급별 단백질함량은 $1^{++}$등급 목심, 채끝, 양지머리, 등심부위가 16.66-19.26%범위로 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 나타난 반면에 3등급에서는 21.50-22.48%로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 수분함량은 3등급이 다른 육질등급에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면에 지방함량은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). pH는 5.49-5.88범위로 $1^+$등급 목심(5.61)과 채끝(5.51)이 3등급 목심(5.88), 채끝(5.92)부위보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타난 반면에 우둔과 양지머리 및 등심부위에서는 육질등급 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지않았다(p>0.05). $L^*$은 $1^{++}$ 등급육이 38.52-42.69범위로 3등급육(33.02-36.08)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). $1^{++}$, 2등급 등심의 $L^*$은 각각 42.69, 40.15로 우둔부위(38.52, 35.42)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). $a^*$은 3등급 채끝(15.36)과 등심부위(18.48)가 1등급 채끝과 등심부위(23.35, 28.11)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 보수력은 등급 또는 부위에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 가열감량은 $1^{++}$ 등급 등심부위(22.21)가 3등급(27.67%)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05) $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1 등급 우둔과 양지머리부위가 28.98-31.39% 범위로 채끝과 등심부위(22.21-24.81%)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량(mg/100 g)은 $1^{++}$(41.26), $1^+$(43.23), 1등급(48.63) 등심이 2(36.02), 3등급(29.84)보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타냈으며(p<0.05) $1^+$(43.23), 1등급 등심(48.63)이 $1^+$, 1등급 우둔부위(36.64, 35.39)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 트랜스지방산 함량은 1.08-2.62% 범위로 3등급이 다른 육질등급에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과는 한우의 육질등급별로 일반성분 및 콜레스테롤과 트랜스지방산 함량에 대한 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2006

$1^+$등급과 3등급의 우육안심을 함기포장한 후 $1^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 이화학적, 미생물학적 품질변화를 측정하였다. 조지방의 경우 $1^+$등급 우육이 3등급 우육에 비해 높은 지방함유율을 나타내었고, 냉장중 조지방의 변화는 저장초기부터 저장 21일째까지 뚜렷한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 수분함량의 경우 $1^+$등급 우육이 3등급 우육에 비해 낮게 나타났으며 $1^+$등급과 3등급 우육의 저장기간 동안 수분 함량은 뚜렷한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. $1^+$등급 우육의 총균수는 저장 21일째 약 $10^6\;CFU/cm^2$ 이하를 나타낸 반면 3등급 우육은 $10^8\;CFU/cm^2$을 나타내었다. 휘발성 염기태 질소 함량(VBN)은 저장기간 동안 $1^+$등급 우육에 비해 3등급 우육이 높게 나타났다. drip 발생량은 저장 14일째 $1^+$등급, 3등급 우육 각각 4.19%와 6.06%로 3등급 우육의 drip량이 현저히 높게 나타났다. a 값과 b값은 저장 전기간 동안 $1^+$등급 우육이 3등급 우육에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었고, b 값은 저장 21일째까지 b 값은 저장기간이 경과할수록 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으나 저장 28일째의 $1^+$등급 우육과 3등급 우육은 각각 3.83, 2.60의 b 값 을 나타내어 저장 초기의 4.42, 3.22보다는 b 값이 감소하였으나 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)는 관찰되지 않았다.