• Title/Summary/Keyword: qualify characteristics

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Measurement and Analysis of Image Brightness in Fiber-optic Imageguide for Ultrathin Endoscope (미세내시경용 광섬유 영상가이드의 영상광도 측정 및 분석)

  • 이봉수
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.263-268
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    • 2002
  • The image quality of imageguide depends on the structure, material, length of microfibers and the phenomena such as cross-talk and leaky ray between adjacent fibers. These Parameters should be considered as important factors in the image transmission qualify of fibers. However it is considered to be very difficult to assess all the parameters in a consistent way Therefore. two image characteristics, image resolution and image brightness are measured and analyzed to determine the image quality of imageguide. But the exact methods to measure two image characteristics of imageguide are not reported. In this study, the image brightness of imageguide for ultrathin endoscope is determined by measuring of the numerical aperture. the packing fraction and the attenuated power ratio of imageguide. Especially it is possible to obtain more exact results from measuring the numerical aperture of whole image guide than those from theoretical calculation of the single microfiber in an image guide. The image brightness of the image guide which has $3.1\mu m$ microfibers is about 37% less than that with $4.1\mu m$ microfibers.

An Adaptive De-blocking Algorithm in Low Bit-rate Video Coding (저 비트율 비디오를 위한 적응적 블록킹 현상 제거 기법)

  • 김종호;김해욱;정제창
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.29 no.4C
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    • pp.505-513
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    • 2004
  • Most video codecs including the international standards use the block-based hybrid structure for efficient compression. But for low bit-rate applications such as video transmission through wireless channels, the blocking artifacts degrade image qualify seriously. In this paper, we propose an adaptive de-blocking algorithm using characteristics of the block boundaries. Blocking artifacts contain the high frequency components near the block boundaries, therefore the lowpass filtering can remove them. However, simple lowpass filtering results into blurring by removing important information such as edges. To overcome this problem, we determine the modes depending upon the characteristics of pixels adjacent to block boundary then proper filter is applied to each area. Simulation results show that proposed method improves de-blocking performance compared to that of MPEG-4.

Effect of Reaction Temperature Program on Thermal Degradation of Low-quality Pyrolytic Oil for Bench-scale Continuous Reaction System (벤치 규모 연속반응시스템에서 저급 열분해유 분해반응에 대한 반응온도 프로그램의 영향)

  • Lee, Kyong-Hwan;Nam, Ki-Yun
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.186-193
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    • 2009
  • The characteristics of product materials obtained from thermal degradation of low-qualify pyrolytic oil were investigated in this study. The reactants were produced by pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste with film type in a commercial rotary kiln reaction system. The properties of reactants were measured by elemental analysis, calorimetry analysis and SIMDIST analyst. The result of degradation experiments with different reaction temperature programs was discussed through product yields, cumulative yields and production rates of oil products. The multi-step reaction temperature program resulted in higher yields of product oils and lower yields of residues than one-step reaction temperature program. The product characteristics such as production yield and the rate of oil products etc. were influenced by reaction temperature program in the continuous thermal degradation.

A Study on Emotional State of Preoperative Patients and Postoperative Pain (patients with abdominal surgery who received IV-PCA) (수술전 환자의 정서적 상태와 수술후 통증에 관한 연구 - IV-PCA를 부착한 수술환자 대상으로 -)

  • Kim Kyung-Hee;Chung Hae-Kyoung;Lee Hyun-Su
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.288-299
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    • 2002
  • The patients with abdominal surgery usually have acute pain. It is important for a patient's qualify of life and for good recovery after surgery to control the postoperative pain. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between emotional state of preoperative patients and postoperative pain. The participants in this study were the 100 patients receiving abdominal surgery who received Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA) at the end of the operation. The data were collected using questionnaires and the period of the data collection was from March to August, 2001. The instruments used for this study were The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Developed by Spielberger (1972), The Center for Epidemeologic Studies-Depression (CESD) scale and Visual Analog scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient with the SPSS program. The results are as follows. 1. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of trait anxiety according to gender (p= 0.0010), marital status (p=0.0122), religion (p=0.0040), education (p=0.0001), occupation (p=0.0002). monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.0001), and operation title (p = 0.0001). 2. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of state anxiety according to gender (p= 0.0023), education (P=0.0073), monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.0005), and operation title (P =0.0063). 3. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of depression according to gender (p= 0.0073), occupation (p=0.0469), monthly income (p=0.0001), diagnosis (p=0.012). and operation title (p =0.0033). 4. For general characteristics there were significant differences in the degree of postoperative pain according to gender (p=0.0213), marital status (p=0.0082), education (p=0.0016), occupation (p =0.0128). monthly income (p=0.0008), diagnosis (p =0.0007), and operation title (p =0.0008). 5. The relationship between trait anxiety and postoperative pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r =0.51, p =0.0001), and the relationship between state anxiety and postoperative pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r=0.50. p=0.0001) and the relationship between Depression and pain revealed a significant positive correlation (r =0.49. p =0.0001).

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Quality Metric with Video Characteristics on Scalable Video Coding (영상 특성을 고려한 스케일러블 비디오 기반 품질 메트릭)

  • Yoo, Ha-Na;Kim, Cheon-Seog;Lee, Ho-Jun;Jin, Sung-Ho;Ro, Yong-Man
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.179-187
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, we proposed the qualify metric based on SVC and the subjective quality. The proposed quality metric is for a general purpose. It means we can use it for any video sequences regardless of its temporal and spatial characteristics. The Quality of Service(QoS) is one of the important issues in heterogeneous environment which has diverse restrictions such as limited network bandwidth and limited display resolution. Scalable Video Coding(SVC) is the efficient video coding skill in heterogeneous environment. Because SVC can be adapted to various quality bitstreams using three scalabilities(spatial, temporal, and SNR) from one bitstream which has full scalability. To maximize the QoS in this environment, we should consider the subjective quality which is the viewer response. And also we should consider temporal and spatial characteristics of video sequence because the subjective quality is affected by temporal and spatial characteristics of video sequence. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method, we perform subjective assessments. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high correlation with subjective quality. The proposed method can be a decision tool of SVC birstream extraction.

An advanced nation's case study considering integrated control for construction work quality.safety.environment (건설공사 품질.안전.환경 통합관리를 고려한 해외 사례 고찰)

  • Kim, Dong-Hee;Kim, Woon-Soo;Jeong, Han-Gyo;Noh, Joung-Won
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.819-823
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    • 2008
  • Currently, the quality management, safety management and environment management of domestic construction work does not form a infrastructure for integrated control which have been developed according to the unique characteristics based on respective the law. In other words, the quality manager and safety manager of human resources is set to a legal arrangement personnel, but environment manager of human resources is not. In addition, quality management standard is to perform the work to PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Action) system which is reflected in all of the requirements of KS A ISO 9001 standard, but safety management plan and hazard harmfulness prevention plan are not properly reflected P(Plan), C(Check) and A(Action) system and focusing on only 4 section Do(D) in KOSHA 18001 standard requirement. Moreover environmental management plan is not even established requirement. Through examining the operation practices of an advanced nation prior to building the integrated control standard for construction work qualify safety.environment, the possibility of applying domestic is reviewed, and then this study is going to research the operation practices of Singapore.

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Aggregated Encoder Control Exploiting Interlayer Statistical Characteristics for Advanced Terrestrial-DMB (지상파 DMB 고도화망에서 계층간 통계적 특성을 이용한 통합 부호기 제어)

  • Kim, Jin-Soo;Park, Jong-Kab;Seo, Kwang-Deok;Kim, Jae-Gon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.13 no.8
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    • pp.1513-1526
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    • 2009
  • The SVC (Scalable Video Coding) scheme can be effectively used for reducing the redundancy and for improving the coding efficiency but, it requires very high computational complexities. In order to accelerate the successful standardization and commercialization of the Advanced Terrestrial-DMB service, it is necessary to overcome this problem. For this aim, in this paper, we propose an efficient aggregated encoder control algorithm, which shows better performances than the conventional control scheme. Computer simulation result shows that the proposed scheme performs about up to 0.3dB better than those of the conventional scheme. Additionally, based on this control scheme, we propose a fast mode decision method by constraining the redundant coding modes based on the statistical properties of the quantization parameter in the spatial scalable encoder. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed control schemes reduce the heavy computational burden up to 12% compared to the conventional scheme, while keeping the objective visual qualify very high.

Development of Large Superalloy Exhaust Valve Spindle by Dissimilar Inertia Welding Process (이종재료 마찰용접에 의한 초내열합금 대형 배기밸브 스핀들 개발)

  • Park Hee-Cheon;Jeong Ho-Seung;Cho Jong-Rac;Lee Nak-Kyu;Oh Jung-Seok;Han Mvoung-Seoup
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.29 no.8
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    • pp.891-898
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    • 2005
  • Inertia welding is a solid-state welding process in which butt welds in materials are made in bar and in ring form at the joint race, and energy required lot welding is obtained from a rotating flywheel. The stored energy is converted to frictional heat at the interface under axial load. The quality of the welded joint depends on many parameters, including axial force, initial revolution speed and energy amount of upset. working time, and residual stresses in the joint. Inertia welding was conducted to make the large exhaust valve spindle for low speed marine diesel engine. superalloy Nimonic 80A for valve head of 540mm and high alloy SNCrW for valve stem of 115mm. Due to different material characteristics such as, thermal conductivity and flow stress. on the two sides of the weld interface, modeling is crucial in determining the optimal weld geometry and Parameters. FE simulation was performed by the commercial code DEFORM-2D. A good agreement between the Predicted and actual welded shape is observed. It is expected that modeling will significantly reduce the number of experimental trials needed to determine the weld parameters. especially for welds for which are very expensive materials or large shaft. Many kinds of tests, including macro and microstructure observation, chemical composition tensile , hardness and fatigue test , are conducted to evaluate the qualify of welded joints. Based on the results of the tests it can be concluded that the inertia welding joints of the superalloy exhaust valve spindle are better properties than the material specification of SNCrW.

A Study on the Correlation Analysis of the Present Status of Turbo Pumps Installed in Ships

  • Lee, Sang-Il;Kim, You-Taek
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.1051-1060
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    • 2008
  • Now days, various types of ships are operated to transport both cargo and passengers all around the world. Most of the important auxiliary machinery installed in those ships is fluid machinery such as pumps, compressors, and fans. A large percentage of fluid machinery is pumps which are classified as turbo and positive displacement pumps. This paper analyzes only turbo pumps out of the two types. This thesis has two aims: (a) to analyze the present status of pumps installed in merchant and training ships and (b) to find the correlation among sea going pump kW, port pump kW, GE kW, ME MCR, number of pumps, ME kgf, pump kgf. Based on the ship's type, my paper seeks to find special characteristics as a result of analyzing head, flow rate, and kW. Moreover this paper analyzes and compares number of pumps, rpm of pumps, pump kW/ME MCR and pump kW/GE kW under the conditions of seagoing and berthing according to the ship's type. In conclusion, (1) For the exact comparison, information on the head, kW, flow rate, number of pumps by ship's type, the pump installation status of the Merchant Ships and Training Ships were tabulated and compared in this paper. (2) In order to qualify one ship as the delegate ship, several methods were used. The result of the examination indicates that the chosen ships could be justified as a suitable representation of ships of their own type. (3) The correlation of several values(total pump kW, port pump kW, GE kW, seagoing pump kW, pump weight, ME weight, ME MCR, number of pumps and ME kW) could be obtained.

Effect of Shifts in Food Waste Policy on the Municipal Solid Waste Composition (음식물 폐기물 정책 변화가 도시생활폐기물의 조성변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Seok-Pyo
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2008
  • As a waste management tool, the prohibition of landfilling of food waste has enforced since 2005. the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) has changed dramatically. In this study, MSW generated from a small city collected once a year in 2004, 2005 and 2007, to qualify the characteristics of MSW before and after implementation of the tool. The prohibition of landfilling of food waste dramatically reduces food waste in MSW to 5.5 weight %, and on the other hand results to increase papers to 50.6 % and plastics to 22.6 %, The bulk density lowers to 50 %, which newly propose the necessity of volume reduction and incineration of MSW to ensure efficient transport and disposal. As water content of MSW reduces to 15.9 %, lower heat value of MSW after prohibition of landfilling of food waste increase to 3565.6 kcal/kg. Mitigation of bad smell and waste leachate with lower contaminants are recommendable as a kind of positive effects benefited by the tool.

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