• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.783-792
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• 1995

Sol-Gel derived ferroelectric PZT thin films were fabricated on ITO/Glass and Si/SiO2 substrates. In order to investigate the effect of catalysts on the densification and crystallization of PZT thin films, a nitric acid or ammonium hydroxide was added to the PZT stock solution at the state of partial hydrolysis reaction. The measured pH for a stable PZT sol was 5.2~9.3. In case of an acid-catalyzed PZT sol, a highly condensed particulate PZT sol was formed by accelerating the hydrolysis reaction. But weakly branched polymeric PZT sol was formed with a base-catalyzed condition. The difference in densification behavior was not found in the pH range of added catalyst, but the refractive index of PZT thin film was increased rapidly as the annealing temperature increased. The PZT thin film annealed at 54$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min was fully densified and its refractive index was above 2.4. When the annealing temperature increased, the transition from the pyrochlore phase to perovskite appeared at 54$0^{\circ}C$. The base-catalyzed PZT thin film suppressed to form the pyrochlore phase and proceeded effectively to convert the perovskite phase. This was due to the formation of polymeric molecular structure by controlling the hydrolysis and condensation reaction through the additiion of the ammonium hydroxide.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 1996

In this paper dielectric and electrostrictive strain properties of (1-y-x)Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_{3}$-PbTiO$_{3}$$-yPbTiO_{3}-xSrTiO_{3}[(1-y-x)PMN-yPT-xST]$ ceramics fabricated by using columbite precursor method have been investigated with the substitution of SrTiO$_{3}$(ST). Dielectric constant of the specimens increased with the increase of ST content up to 5[m/o] and decreased with further substitution of ST. And the pyrochlore phase decreased with the increase of ST content up to 5[m/o] in XRD analysis. The elimination of the pyrochlore phase improved dielectric constants. The electrostrictive strains generated by AC electric field have the highest value at 5[m/o] SrTiO$_{3}$ addition and the hysteresis of strain ranged from 12 to 20[%]. The electrostrictive strain at various temperature investigated in the temperature range of $-50[^{\circ}C]~74[^{\circ}C].$ In higher temperature than phase transition region, it showed paraelectric property which shows very small hystersis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.471-477
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• 1999

Microstructural observations on the pyrochlore-type $Lu_2Ti_2O_7$ and the similar type of compounds, $In_2(Ti_{1.7}Zn_{0.3})O_{6.7}$ and $In_2(Ti_{1.7}Mg_{0.3})O_{6.7}$ which were made by the isothermal heat-treatment at 1623K for 18 days in Pt tube, were carried out using a top-entry HRTEM working at 200 kV. The modulated structures were found in both compounds, however, not in $Lu_2Ti_2O_7$. From the electron diffraction pattern analysis, the modulated superlattices are incommensurate and are 2.69 times of sublattices along (220) direction. The high resolution TEM images have shown that the superlattices consist of alternate superlattices which are composed of two or three sublattices, resulting in the average of 2.7 times of sublattices in accordance with the analysis of electron diffraction patterns. The crystal structures of both compounds are found to quite similar to those of pyrochlore, however the evidence that the cubic axes are slightly deviated from right angle. The modulated structure has gradually changed to the unmodulated structure induced by electron irradiation.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.568-574
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• 2011

As operating temperatures of engines or turbines continually increase for higher efficiency, significant amounts of researches have been focused on finding new materials, which would be alternatives to conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this study, phase evolution and thermo-physical properties of $La_2(Zr_{1-x}Hf_x)_2O_7$ pyrochlore systems are investigated for TBC applications. $La_2(Zr_{1-x}Hf_x)_2O_7$ systems are comprised by selecting $La^{3+}$ as A-site ions and $Zr^{4+}/Hf^{4+}$ as B-site ions in $A_2B_2O_7$ pyrochlore structures. For the developed phases in $La_2(Zr_{1-x}Hf_x)_2O_7$ compositions, thermo-physical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient are examined. The potential of these $La_2(Zr_{1-x}Hf_x)_2O_7$ compositions for TBC application is also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 1996

No-doped PZT thin films have been fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate using Sol-Gel technique. A fast annealing metho (three times of intermediate and final annealing) was used for the preparation of multi-coated 1800$\AA$ thick Nb-doped PZT thin films. As Nb doping percent was increased leakage current was lowered approximately 2 order but dielectic properties were degraded due to the appearance of pyrochlore phase and domain pinning. Futhermore the increase of the final annealing temperature up to 74$0^{\circ}C$lowered the pyrochlore phase content resulting in enhancing the dielectric properties of the Nb doped films. The 3%-Nb doped PZT thin films with 5% excess Pb showed a capacitance density of 24.04 fF/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$2 a dielectric loss of 0.13 a switchable polarization of 15.84 $\mu$C/cm2 and a coercive field of 32.7 kV/cm respectively. The leakage current density of the film was as low as 1.47$\times$10-7 A/cm2 at the applied voltage of 1.5 V.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 1999

PZT(53/47) precursor 1M sols were prepared using a diol based Sol-Gel process, and thin films were deposited by spin coating onto Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrates. With a single coating, final film thickness of aproximately 0.9${\mu}m $ was achieved from diol-based PZT sol. Since PZT crystallized in a ferroelectric perovskite phase from an intermediate nonferroelectric pyrochlore phase, the effects of the presence of perovskite PZT seeds on the phase transformation of PZT were investigated. Seeded PZT films were prepared from the seeded PZT 1M sols in which seeds with less than 0.2${\mu}m $ in size and 1wt% were dispersed in n-propanol before mixing with the PZT stock solution. The seeding effects were confirmed by the fact that the formation temperature of perovskite phase decreased by 50$^{\circ}C$ with less than 1wt% seeds.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1131-1137
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• 1996

The dielectric properties and phase stabilities of Pb(Zn0.6Mg0.4)1/3Nb2/3O3 [PZMN]system were investigated into substitution of A-site with Ba, Sr and Ca ions. The A-site substitutions led to the complexity of components of perovskite phase and then DPT coefficient increased. The A-site substitutions of Ba or Sr ion perovskite single phase could be easily formed by columbite process due to increase of perovskite phase stability. The variation of lattice parameters in specimen obeyed Vegard's law and curie temperature and dielectric constant of specimen decreased linearly. But Ca substitution led to perovskite phae instability. The lattice parameter dielectric constant and curie temperature of specimens drasticaly decreased with formation of pyrochlore phase.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1323-1330
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• 1995

The effects of various additives on the microstructures of sintered ZnO varistors were examined. Bi2O3, Sb2O3 and Cr2O3 were added to ZnO step by step to identify the effect of each component. The specimens were prepared by sintering at 110$0^{\circ}C$ and 120$0^{\circ}C$ in ambient atmosphere. In ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 ternary system, decrease of averge grain size due to antimony oxide addition depends on sintering temperature as well as Bi2O3 content. When Sb2O3 was partly or completely replaced by Cr2O3, grain size was further reduced. A significant amount of pyrochlore phase which was not transformed to spinel and Bi2O3-rich liquid phase seemed to remain during sintering at 110$0^{\circ}C$. Unlike ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 system, the $\alpha$-spinel phase containing significant amount of Cr did not transform to pyrochlore during furnace cooling. Fine spinel particles around 1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ size were ovserved within ZnO grains and grain boundaries, which were believed to be responsible for grain-growth inhibition in ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2010

Thermal barrier systems have been widely investigated over the past decades, in order to enhance reliability and efficiency of gas turbines at higher temperatures. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is one of the most leading materials as the thermal barriers due to its low thermal conductivity, thermodynamic stability, and thermal compatibility with metal substrates. In this work, rare-earth oxides with pyrochlore phases for thermal barrier systems were investigated. Pyrochlore phases were successfully formed via solid-state reactions started from rare-earth oxide powders. For the heat-treated samples, thermo-physical properties were examined. These rare-oxide oxides showed thermal expansion of $9{\sim}12{\times}10^{-6}/K$ and thermal conductivity of 1.2~2.4 W/mK, which is comparable with the thermal properties of YSZ.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.566-569
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• 2002

In general, Pb-based complex perovskite powders have not been directly prepared because pyrochlore that is secondary phase appears. In this study, we tried to prepare Pb(Fe$_{1}$2/Nb$_{1}$2/)O$_3$ which was used to the electronic multicomponent by supercitical fluid method in order to fabricate very active powder not through pyrochlore.