• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 2021

Background and objective: Plant-based biofilter system has become a promising candidate for improving indoor air quality due to its eco-friendly and sustainable nature. However, it remains controversial whether indoor air purification using a biofilter is effective. Methods: This study used the one-group pre- and post-test design to analyze the effects of the operation of the plant-based biofilter system on indoor air quality, students' perception of indoor air quality, health effects, and subjective and objective attentiveness. Results: Results of this study show that the application of the plant-based biofilter system changed the air environment in the classroom. The operation of the plant-based biofilter system significantly decreased PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ and slightly increased temperature and humidity. Satisfaction with air quality and subjective attentiveness were significantly improved but objective attentiveness and health effects were not improved. Conclusion: Further studies need to be conducted for improving indoor air quality of schools and evaluating the health effects and attention of occupants to present the objective performance of the plant-based biofilter system.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2018

본 연구는 실내공간을 모형화한 아크릴챔버($600{\times}800{\times}1,200mm$, $L{\times}W{\times}H$)와 공기정화 장치인 그린바이오필터($495{\times}495{\times}1,000mm$, $L{\times}W{\times}H$)를 아크릴로 제작하여 광량 0, 30, $60{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}PPFD$의 3수준에 따른 디펜바키아와 스파티필럼의 미세먼지(PM10) 및 초미세먼지(PM1) 제거능과 두식물의 광합성율, 기공전도도, 기공수를 비교하였다. PM10이 $1{\mu}g$이 될 때까지 걸리는 시간에 있어서 디펜바키아는 광의 유무에 따른 차이가 유의하게 나타났으며, 30과 $60{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}PPFD$에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 스파티필럼은 0과 $30{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}PPFD$에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, $60{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}PPFD$에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 90분 경과 후, $60{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}PPFD$에서 스파티필럼의 PM1, PM10 잔존량이 가장 적었으며, 이때 이산화탄소 잔존량도 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 스파티필럼은 $0{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}PPFD$에서도 PM1, PM10 잔존량이 디펜바키아보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 두 식물 모두 광량이 높을수록 광합성율이 높게 나타났으며, 기공전도도는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 스파티필럼은 디펜바키아보다 광합성율과 기공전도가 높았고, 기공수가 많았으며, 잎의 앞 뒷면 모두에서 기공이 관찰되었다. 이러한 식물적 특성으로 인하여 같은 광량에서 스파티필럼의 공기정화 효과가 디펜바키아보다 더 좋았던 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 효과적인 실내 미세먼지 제거를 위해서는 실내광량에 따른 식물의 광합성율과 기공수, 기공의 배치형태 등 식물 각각의 특성을 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-86
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• 1999

현재 경수로형 원자력발전소의 일차계통 냉각수 정화를 위해 사용되는 이온교환방법은 제염효과가 우수하고 공정이 단순하며 조작이 간편하기 때문에 광범위하게 활용되고 있으나 비금속성분도 함께 제거하여 수지의 수명이 단축되고 폐이온교환수지가 발생되는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 일차계통 냉각수 정화를 위해 사용되는 이온교환수지의 대체공정으로서 전기투석과 이온교환이 결합된 전기탈이온법의 사용가능성을 조사하기 위해 모의 용액을 이용하여 다양한 실험조건하에서 수행하였다. 실험결과 유입유량이 증가할수록 제거율은 증가하고 전력소모는 감소하였다. 금속성분 제거율에서 제염계수 1000으로 일정한 경향을 나타내었으며 전력소모 면에서는 TDS 3 ppm이하를 기준으로 유입유량이 $2.0{\ell}/min$일 때 $40.3mWh/{\ell}$ 이었다. 유입유속이 동일한 조건에서는 희석실에 채운 이온 교환수지의 함량이 증가할수록 금속성분 제거율과 전력소모에서 효과적인 것으로 평가되었다. 이온 교환수지를 채운 전기탈이온 공정은 이온교환수지 자체에 의한 수리적 저항과 현탁질에 의한 수지의 오염으로 인해 운전이 계속될수록 유량이 감소하게 된다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 이온교환수지 대신 이온전도성 스페이서를 설치하여 실험한 결과 유입유량 문제는 해결할 수 있었으나 전력소모와 금속성분 제거율 및 전류효율 면에서 비효율적인 것으로 평가되었다. 전기탈이온 공정의 연속운전에서도 금속성분 제거율에서 제염계수가 1000으로 안정적인 수준을 유지하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.471-482
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 유기성 오염도가 높은 국내 하천 및 호소의 수질정화를 위해 바이오스톤 볼 담체를 이용한 수처리 기술을 개발하였다. 바이오스톤 볼 수처리기술의 오염물질 제거효율 및 저수지 수질개선효과 등을 평가하기 위하여 경기도 시흥시에 위치한 매화저수지에 실증플랜트를 설치하였다. 바이오스톤 볼 수처리시스템의 오염물질 제거효율은 BOD 70.3%(47.2~97.4%), COD 45.3%(26.1~64.7%), TOC 19.2%(8.5~50.0%), SS 82.8%(73.1~92.7%), Chl-a 80.4%(57.2~91.8%), TN 23.2%(6.4~39.5%), TP 51.8%(-1.1~80.1%)로 나타나 BOD, SS, Chl-a에서 평균 70~80% 이상의 매우 높은 정화효율을 나타내었다. 바이오스톤 볼 수처리시스템을 저수지 평시 유입량 설계기준으로 설치하였을 경우의 유입 오염물질 저감량 및 저수지 수질개선효과를 산정하였다. 저감되는 COD 부하량은 13,658 kg으로 연간 39.2%가 저감되고, TP 부하량은 297 kg으로 연간 16.8%가 저감되는 것으로 나타났다. 저수지의 연간 수질개선효과는 TOC $5.3{\rightarrow}4.5mg/L$(14.5%), COD $7.9{\rightarrow}6.8mg/L$(14.5%), Chl-a $42.3{\rightarrow}37.0mg/m^3$(12.5%), T-P $0.201{\rightarrow}0.150mg/L$(25.1%)가 평균적으로 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 바이오스톤 볼 수처리시스템은 유기성 오염도가 높은 국내 하천 및 호소의 유입수 오염물질 제거 및 수질정화를 위한 수처리 시설로서 현장적용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2019

This study developed prediction models of chlorine bulk decay coefficient by each condition of water quality, measuring chlorine bulk decay coefficients of the water and water quality by water purification processes. The second-reaction order of chlorine were selected as the optimal reaction order of research area because the decay of chlorine was best represented. Chlorine bulk decay coefficients of the water in conventional processes, advanced processes before rechlorination was respectively $5.9072(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$ and $3.3974(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$, and $1.2522(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$ and $1.1998(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$ after rechlorination. As a result, the reduction of organic material concentration during the retention time has greatly changed the chlorine bulk decay coefficient. All the coefficients of determination were higher than 0.8 in the developed models of the chlorine bulk decay coefficient, considering the drawn chlorine bulk decay coefficient and several parameters of water quality and statistically significant. Thus, it was judged that models that could express the actual values, properly were developed. In the meantime, the chlorine bulk decay coefficient was in proportion to the initial residual chlorine concentration and the concentration of rechlorination; however, it may greatly vary depending on rechlorination. Thus, it is judged that it is necessary to set a plan for the management of residual chlorine concentration after experimentally assessing this change, utilizing the methodology proposed in this study in the actual fields. The prediction models in this study would simulate the reduction of residual chlorine concentration according to the conditions of the operation of water purification plants and the introduction of rechlorination facilities, more reasonably considering water purification process and the time of chlorination. In addition, utilizing the prediction models, the reduction of residual chlorine concentration in the supply areas can be predicted, and it is judged that this can be utilized in setting plans for the management of residual chlorine concentration.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2014

This study is carried out to offer the raw data for conservation and management of tidal flat ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Daesong tidal flat wetland, Ahnsan-si, Gyeonggi-do coast, Korea. The results of surveying the flora were recorded as 186 taxa including 45 families, 121 genera, 170 species, 14 varieties and 2 forms. The halophytes checked around this site were 20 taxa including Atriplex gmelinii, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia and so forth. Polygonum bellardii that species had ecological value was the specific plant by floristic region. The growth locations of halophytes were 11 taxa of upper, 4 taxa of high tide line and 5 taxa of lower. The naturalized plants were 42 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Chenopodium glaucum, Melilotus alba, Veronica persica, Bidens pilosa, Leptochloa fusca and so forth. Because Aster subulatusand Leptochloa fusca grew a upper tidal flat wetland, they had the characteristics of halophytes. The focuses on the management of Daesong wetland were halophytes and naturalized plants. Firstly, to maintain a halophytes communities, we will sow the halophytes seeds and plant the individuals. And In-Situ conservation was applied to Polygonum bellardii habitat. Secondly, to prevent the genesis of naturalized plant, we will don't disturb around the wetland environment. The invasive alien plant, Lactuca scariola, was removed by periodic monitoring and purification activity.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2007

The rapid development of economy in China at the expense of consuming huge amount of energy and resources, water resource in particular, which has resulted in the production and discharge of increasing amount of wastewater to the water environment. In order to effectively control the increasing water pollution trend, the State Council has stipulated that all the cities with population over 500,000 should reach wastewater treatment rate of 60% by 2005, and all the cities should reach the rate of 60% by 2010, of which Capital Beijing and all the province capital cities and important tourism cities should reach 70% then. By the end of 2005, of the 661 cities in China, 393 have built and operated municipal wastewater treatments with a total number of 790 sets, total treatment capacity of $80.91{\times}106m^3/d$ and total treatment rate of > 48%. Other 73 cities have started the construction of municipal wastewater treatment plants, and other 168 cities have started to prepare, planning and design of wastewater treatment plants. Most of municipal wastewater treatment plants in big cities in China operate normally and perform well with good quality of effluent in terms of wastewater treatment train, but the sewage sludge treatment is usually poor with big problems. It has been found that the small scale WWTPs using activated sludge process in the towns are usually operated and maintained abnormally because of lack of fund, skilled operators and energy. It is therefore suggested that the small scale MWWTPs in small cities and towns adopt appropriate technologies, of which the most available ones are multi-stage ponds, constructed wetlands and the combination of them for further purification and reuse of treated wastewater.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

The multifunctional triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of the Potexvirus Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) has been reported to have silencing suppressor, cell-to-cell movement, and helicase functions. Yeast two hybrid screening using an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library with TGB1 as bait, and co-purification with TGB1 inclusion bodies identified several host proteins which interact with AltMV TGB1. Host protein interactions with TGB1 were confirmed by biomolecular fluorescence complementation, which showed positive TGB1 interaction with mitochondrial ATP synthase delta' chain subunit (ATP synthase delta'), light harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex I subunit A4 (LHCA4), chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (LHB1B2), chloroplast-localized IscA-like protein (ATCPISCA), and chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase. However, chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase interacts only with $TGB1_{L88}$, and not with weak silencing suppressor $TGB1_{L88}$. This selective interaction indicates that chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase is not required for AltMV movement and replication; however, TRV silencing of chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase in Nicotiana benthamiana induced severe tissue necrosis when plants were infected by AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$ but not AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$, suggesting that ${\beta}$-ATPase selectively responded to $TGB1_{L88}$ to induce defense responses.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2003

This study explored effects of urban greenspace on improving atmospheric environment, which is concerned with $CO_2$, SO$_2$ and NO$_2$ uptake, and with reduction of summer air temperatures. The site of this study was focused on Jung-gu in Seoul. Tree density and cover were 1.1 trees/100 $m^2$ and 12.5% respectively for the study area except forest lands. Atmospheric purification by greenspace was associated with changes in tree cover per unit area of each land use type. The mean $CO_2$ storage by woody plants was 19.4t/ha, and annual uptake averaged 2.2t/ha/yr for $CO_2$, 1.9kg/ha/yr for SO$_2$ and 5.0kg/ha/yr for NO$_2$. Entire tree plantings in the study area played a significant role by annually offsetting $CO_2$ emissions of about 1,830t from fossil fuel consumption by 330 persons, SO$_2$ emissions of 1,620kg by 1,080 persons, and NO$_2$ emissions of 4,230kg by 450 persons. The summer air temperature was 3.6$^{\circ}C$ cooler at a location with 54% cover of woody plants and 4.5$^{\circ}C$ cooler at a forest site with 100% cover, compared to a place with no planting. A 10% increase of woody plant cover was estimated to decrease summer air temperature by approximately 0.6$^{\circ}C$ until a certain level of canopy cover. Analyzing data from the Automatic Weather Stations in Seoul revealed that increasing tree cover decreased mean air temperature for the summer season (Jun~Aug) in a nonlinear function. Woody plant cover was the best predictive variable of summer temperature reduction. The results from this study are expected to be useful in emphasizing the environmental benefits and importance of urban greenspace enlargement, and in urging the necessity for planting and management budgets.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2002

Molecular faming has the potential to provide large amounts of recombinant protein for use in diagnostics and as therapeutics. Various strategies have been developed to enhance the expression level, stability, and native folding of recombinant proteins produced in plants. Few investigations into the subcellular distribution of recombinant proteins within plant cells have been published despite the potential to increase the expression level and impact the purification process. This review article discusses the current strategies used for targeting recombinant proteins to various subcellular locations and the advantages of targeting to seed oil bodies for molecular farming applications. Specifically, the affinity capture of antibodies using recombinant oilbodies is discussed.